Testicular Cancer

Testicular Cancer is a type of cancer

that develops in the testicles, part of
the
male
reproductive
system.
Testicular cells become abnormal in
one or both testicles. The exact cause
is unknown but risk factors include
undescended
testicles,
congenital
abnormalities, and history of testicular
cancer in the family. Testicular cancer
is often first detected by the patient
discovering a lump or swelling in a
testicle. Other symptoms include
testicular pain or discomfort; testicular
enlargement; aches in the abdomen,
back, or groin; or a fluid collection in
the scrotum.
Testicular cancer can be cured by
surgery, radiation therapy and/or
chemotherapy. Side effects include
infertility and may affect sexual
function. Other side effects are due to
radiation and chemotherapy. Follow-up
treatment
is
necessary
because
testicular cancer may recur. Follow-up
treatment may involve regular blood
tests and possibly CT scans.
Prostate Cancer
Prostate Cancer is a type of cancer
that develops in the prostate. It occurs

only in males. The prostate is an

exocrine gland of the male
reproductive
system,
and
exists
directly under the bladder, in front of
the rectum. An exocrine gland is one
whose secretions end up outside the
body e.g. prostate gland and sweat
glands. It is approximately the size of
a walnut. Several factors increase the
risk of prostate cancer such as old
age,
family
history,
and
race.
Symptoms include increased urination
at night, presence of blood in urine,
and difficulty starting and maintaining
a steady stream of urine.

Treatments available for prostate

cancer
are
chemotherapy,
cryotherapy,
surgery,
hormonal
therapy, and radiation. Having a
healthy vegetarian diet and taking
supplements may also help in treating
or preventing the condition.
Penile Cancer

Penile cancer is a rare type of cancer

that occurs on the skin of the penis or
within the penis. Some signs of Penile
Cancer include growth or sore on the
penis that doesn't heal within four
weeks, bleeding from the penis or
from under the foreskin, a foul
smelling discharge, thickening of the
skin of the penis or foreskin that
makes it difficult to draw back the
foreskin (phimosis), a change in the
colour of the skin of the penis or
foreskin, and a rash on the penis.
Factors that increase the risk of having
penile cancer include age, smoking,
unhealthy diet, and other conditions
that affect the penis like phimosis.
Treatment of Penile Cancer depends
on how large the affected area is. The
available treatments include surgery,
radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and laser
surgery. A good diet and hygiene are
some ways to prevent Penile Cancer.
Benign
(BPH)

Prostatic

Hypertrophy

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) is

the swelling of the prostate gland
which surrounds the base of the male
bladder and urethra causing difficulty
urinating, dribbling, and nocturia. BPH
becomes more common as men age.
BPH is not cancer. An enlarged
prostate can be a nuisance. But it is
usually not a serious problem. About
half of all men older than 75 have
some symptoms. BPH is probably a
normal part of the aging process in
men, caused by changes in hormone
balance and in cell growth. Some
symptoms of BPH include trouble
starting and maintaining urine stream,
frequent feeling of wanting to urinate,
weak urine stream, and a feeling of
incomplete urination.
Hypospadias

Hypospadias is condition in which the

external urinary meatus (opening)
opens anywhere below the tip of the
penis rather than at the tip. The
urinary opening is not at the usual
location on the head of the penis. It is
the second most common birth
abnormality in boys. Hypospadias is
thought to result from failure of the
urinary
channel
to
completely
tubularize to the end of the penis. It is
usually diagnosed in the newborn
nursery
by
the
characteristic
appearance
of
the
penis.
The

treatment usually recommended for

hypospadias is surgery, with the goal
to restore normal appearance and
function to the penis. A urinary
opening that is not surrounded by
glans tissue is more likely to spray
the urine, which can cause a man to
sit to urinate because he cannot
reliably stand and hit the toilet.
Downward curvature of the penis can
impair sexual activity as an adult.
Epididymal Cysts

Epididymal cysts, or spermatoceles,

are harmless fluid-filled sacs that form
in the epididymis, which stores and

transports sperm away from the testis.

Small epididymal cysts are common,
particularly in men over the age of 40.
The cysts develop slowly and are
usually painless. In many cases, there
are multiple cysts, which can be felt as
distinct, painless swellings like a tiny
bunch of grapes on top of and behind
the testis. The epididymal tubes in
both testes may be affected by cysts
at the same time.
If you detect a swelling on one or both
sides of your scrotum, you should
consult your doctor to
rule out a serious condition, such as
cancer of the testis. He or she will
probably be able to make
a
diagnosis
from
a
physical
examination, but further tests such as
ultrasound scanning may be
necessary.
Epididymal cysts normally remain
small and do not need treatment.
Rarely, they become large
and cause discomfort, in which case
they can be removed.