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depth of
foundation D
G.L.
existing soil pressure
s = D
existing overburden load
S = DA
G.L.
depth D
t =
F
P+F
A
=p+f
t =
SS
FS
existing
G.L.
S
FB
SB
before
after construction
existing
G.L.
new
G.L.
FS
FB
SB
after construction
before
existing load = S
total final load = T
=P+F
net load = T S = P + F S
notes: (1) the existing surcharge SS must have been in place for sufficient time to be considered
as a permanent load. If this is not the case the existing surcharge SS should be ignored.
(2) If the net bearing pressure is negative then consideration should be given to
the effects of heave, particularly on clay soils.
and
n=
N
A
T S
A A
=ts
t=
T MT
Z
A
t=
T M Tx M Ty
Zx
Zy
A
Alternatively,
n=
P+F S
A
A
=p+fs
This is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 10.16.
It should be noted that where the soil level has been
significantly reduced by a major regrading of the site or
by construction of basements and the like, consideration
should be given to the effects of heave particularly in clays
or where there are artesian groundwater pressures.
It is almost always sufficiently accurate to take the weight
of the new foundation and backfill as equal to the weight of
soil displaced, i.e. FB ~ SB. Thus the equations for net increase
in load and net increase in soil pressure simplify to:
N = P + FS SS
and
MT
P + FS SS
n=
A
BL2
= p + fS sS
MT L
>
T
6
N=P
P
A
=p
i.e. the net increase in soil load is equal to the load from the
superstructure as mentioned previously.
In the examples above, the foundations have been axially
loaded such that the total bearing pressure is given by
P+F
t=
A
T
BL
6M T
>T
L
n=
>
eT >
or
L
6
2T
L
3B eT
2
width of rectangular
base = B
P T
typical loading
combination
eP
M
T =P+F
H
eT =
M = Te T
eT
PeP + M + Hh
T
T M
+
Z
A
T Te T
+
=
Z
A
T
6Te
=
+ 2 T
LB
LB
t max =
t min
t max
T MT
Z
A
6Te
T
2 T
LB
LB
L
2
L
eT
2
eT
t max =
=
2T
BL b
2T
L
3B
eT
2
t min = 0
t max
Note: tension (ve) pressure
cannot be generated between
underside of base and soil,
therefore pressure is positive
(i.e. in compression) or zero
Lb = 3
( L2 e )
T
length of base
in compression
PeP + M + Hh
T
M + Hh
P