Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
SYSTEM
CONSIDERATION
ACTIVE
Hose reel
method
Means of
escape
Types of
exit
Portable fire
extinguisher
Riser
Soda-acid
-Operation/installation
-Components
-Drawings
-Functions/consideration
compartmentation
PASSIVE
location
Sprinkler
System
CO2
foam
Smoke
control
Pressurised
escape
routes
Smoke
reservoirs
3 parts
factors
Exit
Exit
access
Exit
discharge
door
ceiling
function
length
Dry
Fire
stopper
FIRE
PROTECTION
SYSTEM
Types
Wet
Fire
wall
definition
Consideration
Fire window
Needs/function
FIRE
TRIANGLE
The
Fire
is
often
unwanted,
unexpected,
disastrous & costly, both in terms of human
life & business costs.
Fire
FIRE TRIANGLE
QSM 554
(2) COOLING
by applying water or other method to reduce
ignition temperature- sprinkler
(3) STARVATION (separation)
by reducing or separation fuel by
compartmentation, transferring liquid to
another tank, etc.
FIRE TRIANGLE
The
Each
side
represented
essential ingredient for fire.
an
CLASSES OF FIRE
The classes of fire
Ordinary Combustibles
Fires in paper, cloth, wood, rubber, and many plastics
require a water type extinguisher labeled A.
Flammable Liquids
Fires in oils, gasoline, some paints, lacquers, grease,
solvents, and other flammable liquids require an
extinguisher labeled B.
Electrical Equipment
Fires in wiring, fuse boxes, energized electrical equipment,
computers, and other electrical sources require an
extinguisher labeled C.
PASSIVE FIRE
PROTECTION SYSTEM
are
COMPARTMENTATION
The Need
1. To subdivide a large building so that a fire
spaces
3. To contain specific hazards (bolters, fuel stores),
between floors.
i) Horizontal type
ii) Overhead rolling
iii) Special fire door
DAMPER
DAMPER
Figure : Location of fire damper in the air conditioning ducting (at the
intersection of ducting)
DAMPER
DAMPER
Figure : Location of fire damper in the air conditioning ducting (at the
corner of ducting)
Horizontal type
-Mounted on roller and
suspended from a track
Overhead rolling
Drop vertically into
place
-
This
situation
will provide a
path of travel
for
fire
to
breach the wall
to
pass
through
An Intumescent is a
substance which swells as
a result of heat exposure,
thus increasing in volume,
and decreasing in density.
Intumescents are typically
used in passive fire
protection.
MEANS
OF
ESCAPE
corridors
exit passageway
exit doors
interior stairs
exterior stairs
point of outbreak
SMOKE CONTROL
Pressurized escape routes
Smoke Reservoirs
Smoke Reservoirs
Smoke can be controlled by:
(a) providing smoke reservoirs into which the
smoke can flow through before being
extracted by either mechanical or natural
means;
(b) allowing cooler air to enter the centre at low
level to replace the smoke flowing out of the
centre
ACTIVE FIRE
PROTECTION SYSTEM
extinction
1. Detect
2. Suppress a fire
i)
portable extinguishers
ii)
iii)
iv)
public buildings.
extinguishing agent
extinguish.
i) bromochlorodifluoro methane
Group 4: Dry Powder extinguisher
Group 5: Foam extinguishers
i) foam (chemical)
ii)foam (mechanical or gas pressure)
POWDER
Soda-acid water
fire extinguisher
Foam fire
extinguisher
Foam is formed by
chemical reaction
between sodium
bicarbonate and
aluminium sulphate
dissolved in water in
the presence of a
foaming agent
When the extinguisher
is inverted the
chemicals are mixed to
create foam under
pressure which is
forced out of the
nozzle.
Figure : Foam fire
extinguisher
Carbon dioxide is
pressurised as a liquid
inside a cylinder
Striking a knob at the
top of the cylinder
pierces a disc to release
the carbon dioxide
It then converts to a gas
as it depressurises
through the extinguisher
nozzle.
Operation
The
hose
reel
should be able to
discharge
0.4litre/second at
a distance 6m
from the end of
the nozzle.
If a suction tank is
required it should
hold a minimum
volume of 1.6m3
water.
which
are
fitted
into
staircase
enclosures or other suitable positions
with outlet valves on each floor
inlets fitted at ground level to enable
the Fire Brigade to connect into the
water supply.
(contd)
Operations :
The duty pump is
activated by a fall
in
water
level
registering at the
pipeline switch.
The
flow
and
pressure
switch
responds to water
flowing
when all hydrant
landing valves are
closed , lack of
hydraulic
movement engages
the
flow
and
pressure switch to
disconnect
the
pump.
Source : R Greeno (2000). Building Services, Technology and Design.
Pearson Education Ltd. Edinburgh. Figure 9.21
wet riser
Operations
:
The duty pump is activated by a fall in water
level registering at the pipeline switch.
The flow and pressure switch responds to
water flowing
when all hydrant landing valves are closed ,
lack of hydraulic movement engages the flow
and pressure switch to disconnect the pump.
Dry riser
Sprinkler system
i)
B. The deluge valve is normally closed. The valve is opened by the activation of a separate fire
detection system.
Deluge systems are used where large quantities of water are needed quickly to control a fastdeveloping fire. Deluge valves can be electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically operated.
Sprinkler system
Operation :
Water passing through the valve flows up a
Operation :
It is then discharged at those sprinklers which
Sprinkler system
2.
3.
SMOKE DETECTOR
HEAT DETECTOR
GAS DETECTOR
END