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Lecto-comprensin del Ingls

Objetivos:
Presentacin y aplicacin de las siguientes estrategias de lectura:
Asociacin de ideas y activacin de conocimientos previos (PreP)
Lectura global (skimming)
Lectura especfica (scanning)
Presentacin de referencia textual: pronombres.

ESTRATEGIAS DE LECTURA
A. Observe el siguiente trmino. Comente con la clase: qu es lo primero que se le
ocurre cuando lee esta palabra?

NEWS
B. A continuacin encontrar una lista de 10 palabras. Lalas y escriba en cada
rengln la primera idea que se le venga a la mente. Luego, compare sus asociaciones con
un compaero.

Front page

______________________________________________

Important

______________________________________________

Cover

______________________________________________

Scandal

______________________________________________

Social networks ______________________________________________

Privacy

______________________________________________

Reporter

______________________________________________

Live

______________________________________________

Internet

______________________________________________

Global

______________________________________________
Lo que usted acaba de hacer se denomina ASOCIACIN LIBRE.
Este tipo de actividades lo ayudan a:
Tomar conciencia de lo que sabe;
Activar su memoria;
Relacionar ideas.

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C. El ttulo y las palabras que leer a continuacin fueron extrados del texto con el
que trabajar en esta gua. Analcelos y prediga de qu se tratar el texto. Comente sus
predicciones con la clase.

DIGITAL JOURNALISM: Emerging Media and the Changing

Horizons of Journalism.
TRANSMIT

LAPTOP COMPUTER
DEBATE

TELEPHONE

WEBSITE

DIGITAL CAMERA

Existen diferentes estrategias que utiliza el lector para abordar y comprender el texto.
Dichas estrategias se denominan SKIMMING o lectura global y SCANNING o lectura
especfica.
Qu es SKIMMING?
Lectura rpida - general del texto
Objetivo: captar su idea general.
Tcnica: leer el titulo y el primer y ltimo prrafo; o leer la primera oracin de cada
prrafo y el prrafo final.
Qu es SCANNING?
Lectura rpida - exploratoria del texto.
Objetivo: bsqueda de informacin especfica.
Tcnica: mover el ojo rpidamente sobre la pgina para encontrar determinadas
palabras o frases que son relevantes para la tarea que est haciendo.

D. Aplique la estrategia de skimming y luego marque con una X cul de los

siguientes conceptos expresa el tema central:
__ El periodismo fotogrfico como medio digital
__ Los tipos de periodismo digital
__ Los nuevos desafos en el periodismo digital
__ Testimonios sobre el periodismo digital

TIP: Para comprender la idea

general del texto no es
necesario saber lo que significa
cada palabra.

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DIGITAL JOURNALISM: Emerging Media and the Changing

Horizons of Journalism.
A PHOTOJOURNALIST FROM A LARGE AMERICAN NEWSPAPER
descends into a war-torn country with her digital camera, laptop
computer, and satellite telephone in hand, ready to transmit
photographs halfway across the globe for the next days edition.
A network television reporter in New York City purchases and
downloads satellite images from a commercial Web site to enhance
his story on deforestation, scheduled to air that evening.
A peace activist takes a digital audio recorder to an antiwar rally
and records speeches, group chants, and the personal ruminations of
those in attendance. She goes home and immediately uploads her
sound files to her personal computer and then transfers them to an
independent media Web site that is accessed by tens of thousands of other peace activists from
around the country and world.
A group of five journalism students investigates a controversial murder in their city and creates
a multimedia Web site to tell the story - and show images of crime scene - from a number of
different angles
A guy and his friend decide to host a Weblog on which they post news stories that they think
are important and interesting from many different sources, assorted bits of daily information
about their personal lives, and a way for visitors to the site to leave comments for the Weblog
hosts and other visitors to see. Over time the hosts are surprised to find that they have attracted a
regular and loyal following. They allow their visitors to post new stories and commentary to the
Weblog virtual strangers sharing their peculiar tastes and observations with each other in a
motley community of ad hoc news hounds and pundits.
Arguably, all of these people can be said to be practicing a form of digital journalism. For some,
the digital aspect may be a small part of their reportage, which otherwise reflects a more
conventional news story. For others, the digital presentation is central to the communication
process. It enables a flexibility and creativity that more traditional formats would constrain.
[]

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Not everyone would agree that all the examples that started off this chapter should reside
under the rubric of digital journalism. There are definitions of journalism- digital or otherwisetaught in journalism schools that make presumptions about practitioners` qualifications and place
of employment. This is a debatable subject and thus should be debated, if there is disagreement,
rather than dictated. In this age of digital media, where allegedly anyone can be a publisher, the
designation of journalist is increasingly being called into question. Who qualifies for press
credentials? Who (or what) is the press in the twenty-first century? Should all Web sites claim that
to post news be designated as news organizations? These are not merely academic pondering.
There have been cases where journalists, or people claiming to be journalists, have been denied
press credentials to major news events because the event organizers took a narrow definition of
the term news organization. Were the event organizers being shortsighted, narrow minded,
discriminating, and petty? Or were they forced to establish clear and deliberate criteria for
determining what constitutes a bona fide journalist so that every Tom, Dick, and Harriet with a
Web site doesn`t try to crash exclusive events under the guise of journalistic privilege?
The answers to these questions will have an impact on students who choose to work in
nontraditional news setting. Say, for example, that a group of recent college graduates decide to
start an online sports news site called SwenStrops.com (sports news spelled backwards). They
are a team of five, with each person serving multiple functions. They have set up a Web site and
aim their content at college sports fans. Every employee does some writing for the site, but he or
she might also perform design, programming, moderating (e.g., electronic discussion groups),
marketing, event planning, or other responsibilities. They have about three thousand unique
visitors to their site per month, which is a drop in the bucket compared to online sports giant
ESPN.com. Is this really a news organization? Are the employees journalists? Shouldn`t the
editorial and marketing functions of the organization be separate? Should the staff members be
issued press credentials so they can be admitted to sporting events free of charge? Why or why
not?
As you consider this hypothetical example, keep in mind that Bloomering Business News (BBN),
which today is considered a leading financial news organization, started off relatively unknown in
the world of reporting. Over time, it gained exposure, credibility, and acceptance. How do we
know SwenStrops.com isn`t another BBN in infancy? In these information-saturated times, how do
we decide who and what are legitimate sources of news and information, and who and what are
not? Are these questions themselves problematic? Do they offend the principles of a free press?

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Or are they necessary to protect the integrity of journalism as an independent social force? What
other questions should students of journalism in the twenty-first century be asking?
If this book is successful, it will get readers to think about the challenges and opportunities of
working in the field of digital journalism. There is much practical information to be learned here,
as well as much food for thought. Use it as a means to stimulate your thinking about the field and
to question old and new assumptions about what the practice and theory of journalism should be.
Texto extrado de: Kawamoto, K. (2003). Digital journalism: emerging media and the changing

horizons of journalism. New York: Rowman & Littlefield publishers, inc.

TIP: Las palabras frecuentes constituyen alrededor del 50% de las palabras en
la mayora de los textos. Si aprende esas palabras y es capaz de reconocerlas
radamente, puede incrementar su velocidad de lectura y su comprensin.
E. Ahora aplique la estrategia de scanning e indique si las siguientes ideas son
verdaderas (V) o falsas (F), de acuerdo al autor del texto ledo. Corrija los enunciados
falsos. No olvide indicar el rengln de donde extrajo la informacin.
Enunciados

aCorreccin:
b- El tema de periodismo digital es indiscutible e irrefutable.
Correccin:
c- Bloomberg Business News (BBN) comenz siendo muy conocida
en el mundo del reporte financiero.
Correccin:
d- En la era de los medios digitales, la denominacin del periodista
est siendo cuestionada.
Correccin:

Renglones

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GUA I

F. Relea el texto y responda las siguientes preguntas:

1. ? Rengln

2. ? Rengln

3. ? Rengln

ELEMENTOS DEL LENGUAJE

G. Lea las siguientes oraciones extradas del texto de esta gua e Indique a qu o a
quin hacen referencia las palabras subrayadas.
It enables a flexibility and creativity that more traditional formats would
constrain. (Rengln: )
A. The digital presentation
B. The communication process
C. A traditional format
A guy and his friend decide to host a Weblog on which they post news stories ()
(Rengln: )
A. Different sources.
B. City.
C. Weblog.
She goes home and immediately uploads her sound files to her personal
computer and then transfers them to an independent media Website that is accessed
by tens of thousands of other peace activists (Rengln: )
A. Sound files.

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B. Peace activists.
C. Speeches, group chants, and the personal ruminations.

This is a debatable subject and thus should be debated, if there is disagreement,

rather than dictated. (Rengln: )
A. Digital presentations.
B. All the examples (of digital journalism) that started off this chapter.
C. Definitions of journalism.
A peace activist takes a digital audio recorder to an antiwar rally and records
speeches, group chants, and the personal ruminations of those in attendance. She goes
home and immediately uploads her sound files to her personal computer ()(Rengln:
)
A. Personal ruminations.
B. A peace activist.
C. Sound files.

H. Vuelva al texto (nmero de rengln)

y determine cul es el referente del

pronombre subrayado. Complete el cuadro.

Pronombre

Referente

A network television reporter in New York City purchases and

downloads satellite images from a commercial Web site to enhance his
story on deforestation () (Rengln: )
Every employee does some writing for the site, but he or she might also
perform design, programming (Rengln: )
They have set up a Web site and aim their content at college sports
fans (Rengln: )
Is this really a news organization? (Rengln: )
() virtual strangers sharing their peculiar tastes and observations with
each other in a motley community of ad hoc news hounds and pundits.
(Rengln: )

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GUA I

Over time the hosts are surprised to find that they have attracted a
regular and loyal following. They allow their visitors to post new stories
() (Rengln: )
Arguably, all of these people can be said to be practicing a form of
digital journalism. For some, the digital aspect may be a small part of
their reportage, which otherwise reflects a more conventional news
story. (Rengln: )
In this age of digital media, where allegedly anyone can be a publisher,
the designation of journalist is increasingly being called into question.
(Line: )
In these information-saturated times, how do we decide who and what
are legitimate sources of news and information, and who and what are
not? (Line: )

REFERENCIA TEXTUAL
Se consideran elementos referenciales textuales aquellos que no pueden ser
interpretados por s mismos sino que remiten a otro elemento del texto. (Rueda, Nelly
(2008): Claves para el estudio del texto. Crdoba, Argentina, p. 69).
La recuperacin del referente (objeto, sujeto o entidad) puede hacerse de dos
formas dependiendo del lugar donde se encuentre la informacin relevante.
En el texto podemos buscar esa informacin hacia atrs:
A peace activist takes a digital audio recorder to an antiwar rally and records speeches,
group chants, and the personal ruminations of those in attendance. She goes home and
immediately uploads her sound files to her personal computer.
El referente de SHE es A PEACE ACTIVIST, que en el texto ya se nombr
anteriormente.
O mirando hacia adelante:
When SHE arrived home, THE PEACE ACTIVIST uploaded her sound files to her personal
computer.

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ACTIVIDAD DE VOCABULARIO
I. Vuelva a leer el texto y extraiga los equivalentes en ingls de las palabras/frases
relacionadas al rea de Periodismo Digital. Luego indique el nmero de regln donde se
encuentran.
Palabra en ingls

Equivalente en espaol

Rengln

Netwok television reporter

Upload
Donwload
Accessed by
Many different sources
Information-saturated times
Admitted to
Press credential
Practitioners qualifications

Recuerde extraer las palabras, frases y trminos que considere importantes

de esta gua para, luego, incorporarlos en su glosario.

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GUA I

ACTIVIDAD DE SINTESIS DE INFORMACIN

J. Teniendo en cuenta lo aprendido en el texto, complete el siguiente esquema.

MEDIOS de
comunicacin
Tipos de
PERIODISTAS

PROBLEMAS
expuestos
ACTIVIDAD DE CIERRE
K. Teniendo en cuenta el texto trabajado, responda las siguientes preguntas:
1) Crees que el avance de las nuevas tecnologas est beneficiando o perjudicando
la labor del periodista? Por qu?

2) Se considera usted un periodista digital? Por qu? Qu medios digitales

utiliza?

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GUA I

3) Cules son las habilidades indispensables para un periodista del siglo XXI?

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APNDICE GRAMATICAL
Las 100 palabras ms comunes

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Algunos elementos de referencia textual
PRONOMBRES PERSONALES
INGLS

ESPAOL

YO

YOU

T/VOS/USTED

HE

SHE

ELLA

IT

WE

NOSOTROS/ NOSOTRAS

YOU

USTEDES/ VOSOTROS/ VOSOTRAS

THEY

ELLOS/ ELLAS

ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS
INGLS

ESPAOL

MY

MI/ MIS

YOUR

TU/ TUS/ SU/ SUS

HIS

SU/ SUS

HER

SU/ SUS

ITS

SU/ SUS

OUR

NUESTRO/ NUESTRA

YOU
THEIR

SU/ SUS/ VUESTRO/ VUETRA/

VUESTRAS
SU/ SUS

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PERIODISMO Y NUEVOS MEDIOS

PRONOMBRES OBJETIVOS
INGLS

ESPAOL

ME

ME/ M

YOU

TE/ TI/ LA/ LE/ USTED

HIM

LO/ LE/ L

HER

LA/ LE/ ELLA

IT

LO/ LE/ L/ LA/ ELLA/ ELLO

US

NOS/ NOSOTROS/ NOSOTRAS

OS/ LES/ USTEDES/ VOSOTROS/

YOU

VOSOTRAS

THEM

LOS/ LAS/ LES/ ELLOS/ ELLAS

PRONOMBRES Y ADVERBIOS RELATIVOS

INGLS

ESPAOL

WHO

QUE/ QUIEN/ CUAL

WHOM

QUE/ QUIEN/ CUAL

WHICH

QUE/ CUAL

THAT

QUE

WHOSE

CUYO/ CUYA/ CUYOS/ CUYAS

WHERE

DONDE

PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS
INGLS

ESPAOL

THIS

ESTE/ ESTA

THAT

AQUEL/ AQUELLA

THOSE

AQUELLOS/ AQUELLAS

THESE

ESTOS/ ESTAS

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Ejemplos:
Every employee does some writing for the site, but he or she might also
perform design, programming
In this age of digital media, where allegedly anyone can be a publisher, the
designation of journalist is increasingly being called into question.
Is this really a news organization?
A network television reporter in New York City purchases and downloads
satellite images from a commercial Web site to enhance his story on deforestation
()

15