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obesity in rats
E L B Novelli1, Y S Diniz1, C M Galhardi2, G M X Ebaid1, H G Rodrigues2,
F Mani1, A A H Fernandes1, A C Cicogna2 and J L V B Novelli Filho3
1
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Sao Paulo
State, UNESP, 18618-000 Botucatu; 2Post Graduation Course, Department of Clinical Cardiology,
Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, Botucatu; 3Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,
UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Summary
The present study was undertaken to determine anthropometrical parameters in male adult
Wistar rats. We tested the hypothesis that the anthropometrical index may identify obesity
and may predict its adverse effects on lipid profile and oxidative stress in rats. Two
experimental protocols were performed. In the first experiment, 50 male Wistar rats, 21 days
old and fed a control chow were studied up to 150 days of age. In the second experiment,
male Wistar rats, 60 days old, were divided into three groups (n 8): control (C) given free
access to a control chow; (S) receiving the control chow and drinking 30% sucrose ad
libitum and (HC) fed a high-carbohydrate diet ad libitum. The first experiment showed that
food consumption, energy intake and body weight increased with increasing age, while
specific rate of body mass gain was significantly decreased. There were no significant
differences in body length and thoracic circumference of rats from 60 days of age. The
abdominal circumference (AC) and body mass index (BMI) significantly increased with
enhancing age in rats up to 90 days of age and remained constant thereafter. In the second
experiment, after 30 days of dietary treatment, the final body weight, body mass gain, carcass
fat and BMI were higher in S and HC rats than in C. There were no significant alterations in
body length and carcass protein among the groups. Triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol
(CT), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lipid hydroperoxide (LH) were higher
in S and HC rats than in C. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased in HC
rats and total antioxidant substances (TAS) decreased in S and HC rats. There were positive
correlations between BMI with carcass fat, BMI with LH and BMI and serum TG
concentration. In conclusion, the BMI for male adult Wistar rats ranged between 0.45 and
0.68 g/cm2. Obesity may be easily estimated from the BMI in rats. Alterations in BMI were
associated with dyslipidemic profile and oxidative stress in serum of rats and BMI may
predict these adverse consequences of the obesity in rats.
Keywords Obesity; body mass index; lipid profile; oxidative stress
r Laboratory
Animals
Laboratory
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E L B Novelli et al.
Experiment 1
Animals and diet
(g)/length2 (cm2)
Lee index cube root of body weight (g) /
nose-to-anus length (cm) (Bernardis 1970)
Specific rate of body mass gain (g/kg)
dM/M dt, where dM represents the gain
of body weight during dt t2t1 and M is
the rat body weight at t1
113
Experiment 2
Animals and diet
E L B Novelli et al.
Statistics
Results
Body weight
21
30
45
60 75 90
Age (days)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
45
60
75
90
105
Age (days)
120
150
Experiment 1
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
114
115
Table 1 Food consumption, energy intake, feed efficiency (FE), body length, abdominal circumference (AC),
thoracic circumference (TC), AC/TC ratio, body mass index (BMI) and Lee index in control rats at 30, 60, 90, 120
and 150 days of age
Days of age
Parameters
Food consumption (g/day)
Energy intake (kJ/day)
FE (%)
Body length (cm)
AC (cm)
TC (cm)
AC/TC
BMI (g/cm2)
Lee index
30
60
a
23.072.1
288.8726.3a
7.471.5c
16.570.4a
11.470.1a
10.170.2a
1.170.02a
0.3870.03a
0.2870.03a
90
a
120
b
25.371.2
317.7715.1a
6.570.9c
23.970.3b
14.970.2b
13.270.4b
1.170.03a
0.4570.02b
0.2670.03a
38.676.2
484.8718.3b
2.870.4b
24.070.3b
16.170.4c
15.770.5b
1.070.06a
0.6170.03c
0.3070.02a
150
b
31.273.9
391.8746b
3.270.6b
25.570.5b
17.570.7c
16.270.3b
1.170.04a
0.6870.02c
0.3070.01a
30.972.9b
386.2736.7b
0.0370.001a
25.570.6b
17.270.3c
16.870.2b
1.170.06a
0.6870.05c
0.3070.03a
Table 2 Initial body weight, final body weight, body weight gain, specific rate of body mass gain, food
consumption, energy intake and feed efficiency (FE), body length, abdominal circumference (AC), thoracic
circumference (TC), AC/TC ratio, body mass index (BMI), Lee index, carcass protein and carcass fat in control
rats (C), rats drinking sucrose solution (S) and rats fed a high-carbohydrate diet (HC) during 30 days
Groups
Parameters
S
a
210.172.7
337.472.9a
3.970.3a
20.171.1a
31.771.2c
398.1715.6a
4.170.2a
23.670.3a
11.470.7a
10.170.2a
1.170.01a
0.6070.01a
0.2970.01a
61.674.8a
19.771.6a
HC
a
211.171.9
445.778.7c
7.870.1c
37.174.2c
20.773.8b
549.2745.1c
5.970.2b
23.270.1a
20.771.4b
17.970.9b
1.270.05b
0.8270.01c
0.3370.01a
69.675.8a
38.773.8c
210.8711.4a
394.9714.6b
6.170.6b
29.173.1b
24.973.6b
469.1716.6b
5.470.8b
23.570.6a
18.770.6b
17.270.8b
1.170.04a
0.7270.02b
0.3170.02a
65.273.3a
29.672.1b
Discussion
The adverse effects of obesity have been
extensively studied in experimental animals.
Interestingly, little information is available
on the relationships between obesity and
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E L B Novelli et al.
TG
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.55
r =0.9691
0.65
0.75
50.00
10.00
40.00
9.00
8.00
30.00
7.00
r =0.9496
20.00
6.00
10.00
0.55
0.85
BMI
LH
Carcass fat
0.65
0.75
r =0.8155
5.00
0.55
0.85
BMI
0.65
BMI
0.75
0.85
Table 3 Triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (CT), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lipid hydroperoxide (LH), total antioxidant substances (TAS) and TAS/LH ratio
in control rats (C), rats drinking sucrose solution (S) and rats fed a hypercaloric diet (HC) during 30 days
Groups
Biochemical determinations
TG (nmol/L)
CT (nmol/L)
HDL-C (nmol/L)
LDL-C (nmol/L)
LH (nmol/mL)
TAS (nmol/mL)
TAS/LH
S
a
0.8770.02
1.977 0.07a
0.7770.03b
0.8170.05a
5.670.9a
68.172.1b
12.271.2b
1.3170.03
2.6370.16b
0.8870.08b
1.1570.04b
7.270.6b
60.771.3a
8.470.9a
HC
c
1.1970.01b
3.3170.15c
0.6770.01a
2.1070.11c
7.570.5b
59.872.5a
7.970.6a
117
118
E L B Novelli et al.
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