IEEE PEDS 2015, Sydney, Australia

9 12 June 2015

Modeling of Five-Phase Dual Stator-Winding

Induction Generator with Third Harmonic Injection
Haozhe Liu, Feifei Bu, Wenxin Huang, Haijun Xu, Feng Hong and Yufei Zhou
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
liuhaozhe1991@163.com

Abstract-In this paper, the model of the thirdharmonic-injected five-phase dual stator-winding
induction generator (FPDWIG) is presented. There are
two sets of five-phase concentrated stator windings in
this generator. One is called as the control winding, the
other is termed as the power winding. For improving
the power density, the third harmonics are injected in
this generator. With the consideration of the differences
of the fundamental and third harmonic spaces, the
model of the third-harmonic-injected FPDWIG is built
in the rotating d1-q1-d3-q3 arbitrary reference frame. The
dynamic equivalent circuits of FPDWIG in the rotating
d1-q1-d3-q3 arbitrary reference frame are given. Based on
this method, FPDWIG simulating model is built in the
MATLAB/SIMULINK and the simulation results is
given for verification.
Index terms-dual stator- winding induction generator
(DWIG), five phase, third harmonic injection, modeling.
I.

INTRODUCTION

In recent years, more electric aircraft (MEA) has been

rapidly developing and putting forward many new
requirements of high power density, high performance and
high efficiency. From the published literatures, high voltage
dc (HVDC) power system is one of the popular directions
[1]-[3]. For example, in advanced military fighter aircraft,
such as F22, 270-V HVDC power systems are widely used.
The squirrel-cage induction generator (IG) can be applied
to vehicle, ship borne and airborne power system because
of its advantages of brushless construction, low cost and
low maintenance demand [4]. However, for traditional IG
systems, the major drawbacks are the difficulty of
excitation reactive power consumption and the poor output
voltage performance under the variations of load and speed.
With the rapid development of power electronics and motor
topologies, many schemes have facilitated the control of IG
systems [5]-[7]. Connecting static power converter in series
or parallel with the load to provide variable excitation
reactive power has facilitated the control of IG systems, but
these schemes have injected harmonics into the load
currents and induced the output voltage ripples [8]. To
further improve the performance of IG, a dual
stator-winding induction generator (DWIG) with a static

excitation controller (SEC) is proposed [9]-[10]. But the

improvement of the power density and reliability of the
DWIG system is not considered.
This paper introduces a third-harmonic-injected
five-phase dual stator-winding induction generator
(FPDWIG) to solve the problem above. The third
harmonics are injected to improve the power density. As the
base of further research, in this paper, modeling of
third-harmonic-injected FPDWIG is studied.
II. THIRD-HARMONIC-INJECTED FPDWIG GENERATING
SYSTEM
The diagram of the third-harmonic-injected FPDWIG
generating system is shown in Fig. 1. The system can be
applied to the HVDC starter-generator systems. The rotor of
the generator is squirrel-cage type and has no brush. There
exist two sets of five-phase concentrated stator windings in
the FPDWIG. One is called as the power winding, which is
connected with the excitation capacitors and rectifier. The
other is termed as the control winding connected with filter
inductance and SEC, which is used to regulate reactive
power. The two sets of stator windings have no physical
connection but an electromagnetic link. Thus, the influence
of inverter-induced harmonics on the load current and
voltage is very small and the EMC of the FPDWIG system
is improved. For improving the power density, the third
harmonics are injected in FPDWIG generating system. This
generating system has high power density and is easy to be
built 270V DC integrated starter/generator system. For the
further research of the generating system, Modeling of
FPDWIG should be studied first.

Fig. 1

Third-harmonic-injected FPDWIG generating system.

978-1-4799-4402-6/15/$31.00 2015 IEEE

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III. MODEL OF THIRD-HARMONIC-INJECTED FPDWIG

The model of third-harmonic-injected FPDWIG is
complex comparing with three-phase induction machines.
First, it has two types of stator windings. Second, the third
harmonic voltage is injected into the stator control winding.
Considering the differences of the fundamental and third
harmonic spaces, the model of FPDWIG is built in the
rotating d1-q1-d3-q3 arbitrary reference frame.
Suppose the rotating angles for the d1-q1 and d3-q3 axes
are 1 and 3, the matrix (1) can be used to transform
quantities between the a-b-c-d-e natural reference frame
and the rotating d1-q1-d3-q3 arbitrary reference frame.
2
4
6
8

cos( 1 )
cos( 1 )
cos( 1 )
cos( 1 )
cos 1
5
5
5
5

2
4
6
8
sin 1
sin( 1 )
sin( 1 )
sin( 1 )
sin( 1 )
5
5
5
5

4
6
8
2
2
cos 3( 3 )
cos 3( 3 )
cos 3 3
cos 3( 3 ) cos 3( 3 )
T=

5
5
5
5
5

2
4
6
8
sin 3 3 sin 3( 3 ) sin 3( 3 ) sin 3( 3 ) sin 3( 3 )
5
5
5
5

1
1
1
1
1

2
2
2
2
2

(1)
Due to the orthogonal property between the fundamental
and third harmonic spaces, the rotating speeds of the d1-q1
and d3-q3 axes are independent of each other. The
fundamental and third harmonic spaces are inherently
decoupled [11]. Using matrix (1) to transform the voltage
equations and flux equations of FPDWIG from the
a-b-c-d-e natural reference frame to the rotating d1-q1-d3-q3
arbitrary reference frame, the control winding, power
winding and rotor winding voltage equations in the
fundamental and third harmonic spaces are:

ucd 1 = Rc1icd 1 1 cq1 + p cd 1

ucq1 = Rc1icq1 + 1 cd 1 + p cq1

upd 1 = Rp1ipd 1 1 pq1 + p pd 1

upq1 = Rp1ipq1 + 1 pd 1 + p pq1

0 = Rr1ird 1 (1 r ) rq1 + p rd 1

0 = Rr1irq1 + (1 r ) rd 1 + p rq1

(2)

ucd 3 = Rc 3icd 3 3 3 cq 3 + p cd 3
ucq 3 = Rc 3icq 3 + 3 3 cd 3 + p cq 3

upd 3 = Rp1ipd 3 3 3 pq 3 + p pd 3

upq 3 = Rp1ipq 3 + 3 3 pd 3 + p pq 3
0 = Rr 3ird 3 3( 3 r ) rq 3 + p rd 3

0 = Rr 3irq 3 + 3( 3 r ) rd 3 + p rq 3

(3)

where ucd 1 , ucq1 are d-axis and q-axis components of the

control winding fundamental voltage; upd 1 , upq1 are d-axis
and q-axis components of the power winding fundamental
voltage; icd 1 , icq1 are d-axis and q-axis components of the

control winding fundamental current; ipd 1 , ipq1 are d-axis

and q-axis components of the power winding fundamental
current; ird 1 , irq1 are d-axis and q-axis components of the
rotor fundamental current; cd 1 , cq1 are d-axis and
q-axis components of the control winding fundamental flux;
pd 1 , pq1 are d-axis and q-axis components of the power
winding fundamental flux; rd 1 , rq1 are d-axis and
q-axis components of the rotor fundamental flux. ucd 3 ,
ucq 3 are d-axis and q-axis components of the control
winding third harmonic voltage; upd 3 , upq 3 are d-axis and
q-axis components of the power winding third harmonic
voltage; icd 3 , icq 3 are d-axis and q-axis components of the
control winding third harmonic current; ipd 3 , ipq 3 are
d-axis and q-axis components of the power winding third
harmonic current; ird 3 , irq 3 are d-axis and q-axis
components of the rotor third harmonic current; cd 3 , cq 3
are d-axis and q-axis components of the control winding
third harmonic flux; pd 3 , dq 3 are d-axis and q-axis
components of the power winding third harmonic flux;
rd 3. , rq 3 are d-axis and q-axis components of the rotor
third harmonic flux; Rc1 , Rp1 , Rr1 are fundamental
resistances of the control winding, power winding and rotor;
Rc 3 , Rp 3 , Rr 3 are third harmonic resistances of the
control winding, power winding and rotor; 1 and 3
are the rotating speeds of d1-q1 and d3-q3 axis respectively;
r is the rotor angular speed, p is the differential
operator. The control winding, power winding and rotor
winding flux equations in the fundamental and third
harmonic spaces are:
cd 1 = Lpc1ipd 1 + Mldq1ipq1 + Lc1icd 1 + Lm1ird 1
cq1 = Mldq1ipd 1 + Lpc1ipq1 + Lc1icq1 + Lm1irq1

pd 1 = Lp1ipd 1 + Lpc1icd 1 + Mldq1icq1 + Lm1ird 1

pq1 = Lp1ipq1 + Mldq1icd 1 + Lpc1icq1 + Lm1irq1

rd 1 = Lm1ipd 1 + Lm1icd 1 + Lr1ird 1

rq1 = Lm1ipq1 + Lm1icq1 + Lr1irq1

(4)

cd 3 = Lpc 3ipd 3 + Mldq 3ipq 3 + Lc 3icd 3 + Lm 3ird 3

cq 3 = Mldq 3ipd 3 + Lpc 3ipq 3 + Lc 3icq 3 + Lm 3irq 3

pd 3 = Lp 3ipd 3 + Lpc 3icd 3 + Mldq 3icq 3 + Lm3ird 3

pq 3 = Lp 3ipq 3 + Mldq 3icd 3 + Lpc 3icq 3 + Lm 3irq 3

rd 3 = Lm 3ipd 3 + Lm3icd 3 + Lr 3ird 3

rq 3 = Lm 3ipq 3 + Lm3icq 3 + Lr 3irq 3

(5)

where Lm1 and Lm 3 are magnetizing inductance in

the d1-q1 and d3-q3 axes respectively; Mldq1 is stator
fundamental d-axis and q-axis mutual leakage
inductance; Mldq 3 is stator third harmonic d-axis and q-axis
Lpc1 = Lm1 + Mlm1
;
mutual
leakage
inductance;
Lc1 = Lm1 + lc1 ; Lp1 = Lm1 + lp1 ; L r1 = L m1 + lr1 ; Lm1 = 2.5lm1 ;
Lpc 3 = Lm 3 + Mlm 3 ; Lc 3 = Lm 3 + lc 3 ; Lp 3 = Lm 3 + lp 3 ;
Lm3 = 2.5lm3 ; where lc1 , lp1 , lr1 are
L r 3 = L m 3 + lr 3 ;
fundamental leakage inductances of the control

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winding, power winding and rotor; lc 3 , lp3 , lr 3 are

third harmonic leakage inductances of the control
winding, power winding and rotor; Mlm1 is
fundamental equivalent mutual leakage inductance of
the control winding and power winding; Mldq 3 is third
harmonic equivalent mutual leakage inductance of the
control winding and power winding; lm1 is fundamental
mutual inductance of stator and rotor; lm 3 is third
harmonic mutual inductance of stator and rotor. The
electromagnetic torque of the third-harmonic-injected
FPDWIG can be given by:

5
p{Lm1[(ird 1(icq1 + ipq1)) irq1(icd 1 + ipd 1)]
2
+3Lm 3[(ird 3(icq 3 + ipq 3) irq 3(icd 3 + ipd 3)]}

Te =

IV. SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS

According to (1)-(5) and Fig. 2, a 5kW 270V DC
third-harmonic-injected FPDWIG generating system is set
up in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results are
shown in Fig. 3.

(6)

where p is number of pole pairs.

According to (1)-(5), the dynamic equivalent circuits of
FPDWIG in the rotating d1-q1-d3-q3 arbitrary reference
frame are built in Fig. 2.

t/s
(b)

Fig. 2
Dynamic equivalent circuits of FPDWIG in the rotating
d1-q1-d3-q3 arbitrary reference frame. (a) Dynamic equivalent circuit of
FPDWIG in d1-q1 axes. (b) Dynamic equivalent circuit of FPDWIG in
d3-q3 axes.

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REFERENCES
[1]

Fig. 3 Simulation results of third-harmonic-injected FPDWIG with the

5kW DC load under the speed of 4500r/min. (a) Output DC voltage. (b)
Output DC current. (c) Phase voltages of the control winding. (d) Phase
currents of the control winding. (e) Phase EMFs of the control winding.

From Fig. 3(a) and (b), it can be seen the output DC

voltage is steady at 270V and the output DC current is
nearly 21.5A. Fig. 3(c) and (d) show that when the control
winding voltages are flat-topped, the control winding phase
currents waveform has two unequal peaks and this
inequality increases with the loading. It is because that the
there is an angle between the fundamental and third
harmonic currents. With loading increases, there is a change
in the circuit impedance for each plane, and then the control
winding current angle changes. The phase EMFs of the
control winding are nearly flat-topped as showed in Fig.
3(e). The simulation results for the system with the rated
load of 5kW and under the rated speed of 4500rpm show
that the system has good performance. The simulation
results confirm the validity of the model.

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V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, a model of third-harmonic-injected
FPDWIG is established in the rotating d1-q1-d3-q3 arbitrary
reference frame. Considering the differences between the
fundamental and third harmonic spaces, the model of
FPDWIG is built in the rotating d1-q1-d3-q3 arbitrary
reference frame. Based on the model established in the
rotating d1-q1-d3-q3 arbitrary reference frame, the dynamic
equivalent circuits in the rotating d1-q1-d3-q3 arbitrary
reference frame are given correspondingly. According to the
model and dynamic equivalent circuits, Simulation model
of FPDWIG is built in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The
simulation results verify the model.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work thanks the Project Funded by China Postdoctoral
Science Foundation under Grant 2014M560421 and the
National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant
51277095.

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