2016 Marking Guidelines

CATHOLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS ASSOCIATION OF NSW
2016 TRIAL HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

SOFTWARE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT MARKING GUIDELINES
Section I
Part A
20 marks
Questions 1-20 (1 mark each)
Question
Answer
Outcomes Assessed
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
C
B
A
A
C
D
C
D
B
A
D
A
B
A
B
D
C
B
C
D
H4.2
H1.1, H1.2
H4.2, H6.2
H4.3
H4.3
H5.2,H6.2
H4.3, H5.2
H4.2, H5.1
H4.2, H5.2
H4.2, H4.3
H4.2, H4.3
H4.2, H4.3
H4.2
H4.2, H4.3
H4.3
H4.2, H4.3
H4.2, H6.2
H1.1, H1.2
H4.3
H4.3
Targeted Performance
Band
2-3
2-3
3-4
2-3
4-5
2-3
3-4
3-4
4-5
4-6
4-5
3-4
3-4
4-5
5-6
4-5
3-4
4-5
5-6
5-6
1
DISCLAIMER
The information contained in this document is intended for the professional assistance of teaching staff. It does not constitute advice to students. Further it is not the intention of CSSA to
provide specific marking outcomes for all possible Trial HSC answers. Rather the purpose is to provide teachers with information so that they can better explore, understand and apply HSC
marking requirements, as established by the NSW Board of Studies.
No guarantee or warranty is made or implied with respect to the application or use of CSSA Marking Guidelines in relation to any specific trial exam question or answer. The CSSA assumes no
liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any Marking Guidelines provided for the Trial HSC papers.
3300-2
Question 21 (11 marks)

(a) (2 marks)
Outcomes Assessed: H1.3, H2.2
Targeted Performance Bands: 2-4
Criteria
Constructs a substantially correct IPO chart
Creates an IPO chart with errors
Mark
2
1
Suggested Answer:
INPUT
(Student Card)
StudentID
Time In
(Student Card)
StudentID
Time Out
PROCESSING
Comparison of Student Card details with
studentID from School Management
System Database.
OUTPUT
Library Attendance list
Student Name appended to Library

Attendance list
Student Name removed from Library
Attendance list
Updated Library
Attendance list
2
DISCLAIMER
(b) (3 marks)
Criteria
Constructs a substantially correct Context Diagram
Attempts to draw a Context diagram relating to the system
Attempts to draw a diagram relating to the scenario
Mark
3
2
1
Suggested Answer:
(c) (3 marks)
Outcomes Assessed: H3.1
Criteria
Comprehensively provides points for and against Social and Ethical issues relating to
the scenario
Is able to describe Social and Ethical issues relating to the scenario
Identifies a Social and Ethical issue relating to the scenario
Mark
3
2
1
Suggested Answer:
Ownership: Who owns the code? Is it the school or the teacher? Was a contract agreed to before to
commencement of the development of the system?
Copyright: Who has the copyright of the system? In what capacity was the teacher working for the
school at the time?
As the teacher was working for the school, the ownership of the code resides in the school. As a
consequence, he is not entitled to sell the system to other parties without prior consent of the school.
Since the teacher has sold the source code to other school, the teacher would be in breach of the
copyright laws. However an agreement may be made with the school that allows the teacher to hold
intellectual property right to the software.
3
DISCLAIMER
(d) (3 marks)
Criteria
Provides clear discussion of social and ethical issues relating to the scenario
Describes social and ethical issues relating to the scenario
Identifies a social and ethical issue relating to the scenario
Mark
3
2
1
Suggested Answer:
In the case of an evacuation, if a student is incorrectly registered as still being in the library, valuable
time could be wasted trying to locate the student. Similarly if a student is present in the library but
isn't listed as such, this can cause issues with regards to attendance records, emergency procedures
and safety.
(a) (3 marks)
Criteria
Provides comprehensive explanation of ethical issues involved
Describes ethical issues involved
Identifies an ethical issue
Mark
3
2
1
Suggested Answer:
Ethically and legally programmers are expected to create programs that are expected to maintain the
integrity of the data which has been given to them so that it does not breach the Privacy Act. The
developer should try to guarantee security of data as best he could within the cost restraints. Not
encrypting the data could possibly be ethically wrong even though it would assist in the reduction of
development costs. On the other hand they entered into an agreement that undertook to reduce costs
as much as possible.
4
DISCLAIMER
(b) (3 marks)
Criteria
Provides a clear explanation of the purpose of the Gantt chart
Describes the features of a Gantt chart
Identifies features of a Gantt chart
Mark
3
2
1
Suggested Answer:
GANTT charts provide a visual representation of the sequence of tasks and time taken.
Gantt charts are typically created at the end of Defining and Understanding the Problem stage of the
Software Development Cycle.
(c) (3 marks)
Criteria
Provides similarities and differences of both methods with detailed description
Contrasts or compares with a description of a method
Some understanding of a method
Mark
3
2
1
Suggested Answer:
Comparison: Both methods convert source code to machine code so that the program can be
executed by a user irrespective of operating system.
Contrast: Compilation allows the executable to be run quicker, as the whole program is
converted to machine code at one time. But this will require different compilations for each
operating system.
Interpretation allows the program to be run from within the programming environment but
the program may run slower due to each section of code being converted in real time. At the
user end an interpreter program will be required.
5
DISCLAIMER
(a) (3 marks)
Criteria
Explains the purpose of the stubs in developing the program
Outlines a function of the stubs OR Identifies some functions of the stubs
Some understanding of the problem
Mark
3
2
1
Suggested Answer:
Stubs are typically modules that are not yet complete. They enable testing of calls to subs as well as
passing of parameters. Stubs allow navigation and parts of the program to be tested before all parts of
the solution are completed. The stubs allow the main menu to be tested by inserting output
statements in the stub module.
6
DISCLAIMER
(b) (4 marks)
Outcomes Assessed: H1.2, H4.3, H5.1
Criteria
Substantially correct structure chart

Structure chart that addresses the main parts of the algorithm using substantially correct
symbols
Diagram that addresses part of the problem using some correct structure chart symbols
Identifies a feature of structure charts OR Shows some understanding of the problem
Mark
4
3
2
1
Suggested Answer:
7
DISCLAIMER
(a) (3 marks)
Criteria
Substantially correct description and correctly identifies both errors and gives a
possible solution
Gives an adequate description of the problem and/or provides a solution
Shows understanding of the problem OR Identifies an error
Mark
3
2
1
Suggested Answer:
Line 9 is a problem as there is no change to the Flag array for a chosen number, therefore the same
number could be chosen twice.
Line 9 should be Flag(r) = 1
Line 11 would only print one random number, but the problem asks for all 7 random numbers to be
printed. Move Line 10 to Line 12 to solve the problem.
(b) (2 marks)
Criteria
Demonstrates a good understanding of why standard modules are used
Identifies a relevant feature of standard modules
Mark
2
1
Suggested Answer:
Save time and money by not having to write the module. RAND module should have already been
tested, so less chance of errors by reusing which means better quality software.
8
DISCLAIMER
(c) (2 marks)
Criteria
A good description of TWO error detection methods
Describes a method or outlines TWO methods
Mark
2
1
Suggested Answer:
Desk checking: This will involve stepping through the algorithm and recording the changes to
variables as it executes.
Peer Checking: This involves employing people with skills in software development to
examine the algorithm
(Methods of error detection and correction include:
- use of flags
- methodical approach to the isolation of logic errors
- use of debugging output statements
- peer checking
- desk checking
- structured walkthrough
- comparison of actual with expected output.)
(d) (2 marks)
Criteria
Good description of TWO types of documentation for testing
Describes a type of testing documentation
Mark
2
1
Suggested Answer:
Test data listing: This will show the sets of data and input variable values that were used in
the testing process as well as expected results and the purpose for each data set.
Comparison with requirements: This is an evaluation report that compares what the solution
achieved with the requirements as stated early in the development process. It can be a simple
check list.
9
DISCLAIMER
(a)(3 marks)
Criteria
Mark
3
2
1
Completes the desk check correctly

Desk check contains errors but is mostly correct
Desk check demonstrates a limited understanding
Suggested Answer:
highindex
index
Array
values
maxval
33
33
60
60
60
82
82
73
82
Display
Max is 82
6
(b) (3 marks)
Criteria
Algorithm is logical and demonstrates a thorough understanding of the problem
Algorithm is mostly correct
Algorithm shows a limited understanding
Mark
3
2
1
Suggested Answer:
BEGIN MIN
Highindex = Number of elements in ValuesArray
Index = 1
Minval = ValuesArray (Index)
WHILE Index <= Highindex
IF ValuesArray (Index) < Minval
THEN Minval = ValuesArray (Index)
ENDIF
Index = Index + 1
ENDWHILE
DISPLAY "The minimum element is " Minval
END MIN
10
DISCLAIMER

(a) (1 marks)
Criteria
Mark
1
Criteria
Clearly explains the difference between an array of records and a multidimensional
array
Describes an array of records and/or a multidimensional array
Identifies a feature of an array of records and/or a multidimensional array
Mark
For a correct answer
Suggested Answer:
10 passes
(b) (3 marks)
3
2
1
Suggested Answer:
An array of records is a group of records which are arranged in a numerical sequence. Each record
can be accessed by its index. An example is a simple database of information on something where
each item has a number of attributes of interest or fields which is a record
As we need this information for many items we use an array of records
A multidimensional array is an array of two or more dimensions (indexes)
For example: Array(3,2); can identify the element that is stored in a 2 dimensional array at the 3 rd row and
the 2nd column
An array of records can contain data with different data types for each field, whereas all elements in an array
must be of the same data type.
11
DISCLAIMER
(c) (3 marks)
Criteria
Demonstrates a full understanding of a priming read AND a sentinel value clearly
explaining the differences between them
Gives a description of a priming read and/or a sentinel value
Gives a brief description of a priming read and/or a sentinel value
Mark
3
2
1
Suggested Answer:
A priming read is an initial read of the file usually outside of a loop to fetch the first record. This is
often done to determine if the file contains zero records and is often associated with a while loop
(rather than a do loop) In computer programming, a sentinel value is a special value in the context
of an algorithm which uses its presence as a condition of termination, typically in a loop or recursive
algorithm.
The sentinel value is a form of in-band data that makes it possible to detect the end of the data when
no out-of-band data (such as an explicit size indication) is provided. The value should be selected in
such a way that it is guaranteed to be distinct from all legal data values, since otherwise the presence
of such values would prematurely signal the end of the data (the semi predicate problem).
(d) (4 marks)
Criteria
Constructs a substantially correct algorithm using the MOD function
Creates a mostly correct algorithm
Creates an algorithm with some errors
Attempts an algorithm
Mark
4
3
2
1
Suggested Answer:
BEGIN Fizzbuzz
FOR i = 1 to 100
IF i MOD 3 = 0 AND i MOD 5 = 0 THEN
PRINT "FIZZBUZZ"
ELSE IF i MOD 3 = 0 THEN
Print "FIZZ"
ELSE IF i MOD 5 = 0 THEN
Print "BUZZ"
ELSE
PRINT i
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
NEXT i
END Fizzbuzz
12
DISCLAIMER
(a) (3 marks)
Outcomes assessed: H2.1, H2.2
Performance Band: 2 - 4
Criteria
Clearly explains the differences between the two types of programming
languages and justifies a choice.
Explains the differences between the two types of programming languages
Describes Sequential OR Event driven OR selects Sequential
Marks
3
2
1
Suggested Answer:
Sequential programming language is best.
Data items are to be accessed from outside the program and the user will have minimum input.
Screens follow each other in an order determined by the programmer. The data is primarily text held
in the electoral database. The first screen of the program allows the user to input their code, if
successful this progresses to the next screen where the voting screen is displayed.
Event-driven programming language is not best suitable.
In this type, user input will decide the order of processing. The data items are mainly held in the
program and a great deal of interactivity is possible. A multimedia CD-ROM is an example. The
introductory screen provides a range of options for the user who may then activate any number of
other screens according to the method chosen.
13
DISCLAIMER
(b) (4 marks)
Outcomes assessed: H4.2,
Performance Band: 3 - 5
Criteria
Completes a substantially correct algorithm.
Completes a mostly correct algorithm
An algorithm is attempted that has some correct lines
An algorithm is attempted
Marks
4
3
2
1
Suggested Answer:
BEGIN PasswordCheckingModule
Check =false
Attempt = 1
WHILE Attempt <= 3 AND Check = false
Print Enter Identification Code
Input User code
IF Usercode = Electoralcode THEN
Check = true
ELSE
Print Code incorrect
Print You have, 3-Attempt, attempts left
ENDIF
Attempt = Attempt + 1
ENDWHILE
END PasswordCheckingModule
14
DISCLAIMER
Section III Option Topic

Question 29 The Interrelationship between Software and Hardware (20 marks)
(a)(i)(2 marks)
Targeted Performance Bands: 3 - 4
Criteria
Clearly explains the largest possible positive integer as a binary
Attempts to show the largest possible positive integer
Marks
2
1
Suggested Answer:
In binary
00000000 represents 0 (zero)

00000001 represents 1 (one)
00000010 represents 2 (two)
01111111 represents 127 (64+32+16+8+4+2+1 = 127).
This represents the largest possible positive value

(The 8 bit twos complement for -1 (negative 1) is 11111111 and all negative binary representations
start their binary value with a 1.)
(a)(ii)(3 marks)
Targeted Performance Bands: 3- 5
Criteria
Provides comprehensive reasoning of the resultant effect when adding 1 in
twos complement binary notation in this scenario
Shows some understanding of twos complement binary notation in this
scenario
Shows limited understanding of twos complement binary notation
Marks
3
2
1
Suggested Answer:
01111111 +
1
1 00000000
But this represents -128 in 8 bit twos complement format
So this is an overflow error as the resultant is negative.
15
DISCLAIMER
(b)(i)(2 marks)
Criteria
Demonstrates a clear understanding of twos complement binary
subtraction
Attempts to perform twos complement binary subtraction
Marks
2
1
Suggested Answer:
6 is 0110 as a 4 bit binary value
3 is 0011 as a 4 bit binary value, so 3 can be represented by 1101
So 6 -3 = 6 + (-3)
0110 +
1101
1 0011
But the leading bit can be ignored resulting in an answer of -3
16
DISCLAIMER
(b)(ii)(3 marks)
Criteria
Clearly describes the components of IEEE754 Floating Point numbers and
correct applies this representation
Describes the components of IEEE754 Floating Point numbers and/or
attempts to apply this representation
Identifies some or all of the components of IEEE754 Floating Point
numbers
Marks
3
2
1
Suggested Answer:
The IEEE754 Single Precision Floating Point standard requires 32 bits.
The first bit represents the sign of the number, either positive (0) or negative (1).
The next 8 bits represent the exponent of the binary value.
The remaining 23 bits represent the mantissa of the binary value
In the example of -2.5
The first bit is 1 ( for the negative)
As a binary -2.5 = -10.1 When normalised this is 1.01 x 21
The decimal value of the exponent is 1, add bias of 127 to get a resultant of 128 for the exponent,
which is represented by 10000000.
Ignoring the 1 the mantissa is 01000000000000000000000
ie 23 bits.
Hence the IEEE754 Single Precision Floating Point
Binary representation is
1 10000000 01000000000000000000000
(c)(i)(2 marks)
Criteria
Correct completes the truth table
Completes most of the truth table
Marks
2
1
Suggested Answer:
A
0
0
1
1
B
0
1
0
1
E
1
1
0
0
F
1
0
1
0
G
0
1
0
0
H
0
0
1
0
X
0
1
1
0
17
DISCLAIMER
(c)(ii)(2 marks)
Criteria
Correct equivalent Boolean expression and simplification
Attempt to use Boolean notation to write equivalent Boolean expression
and/or simplification
Marks
2
Suggested Answer:
(A . B) + (A . B) which is equivalent to an XOR gate
(d)(3 marks)
Criteria
Clearly describes how a Full Adder is constructed includes diagram
Provides a partially correct description of Full Adder and/or includes
diagram
Shows limited understanding of Speciality circuits and/or attempts
diagram
Marks
3
2
1
Suggested Answer:
A Full Adder is created by a Half Adder having two inputs of A and B. The outputs are the Carry
from the Half Adder, which leads to an OR Gate and the Sum which leads into the second Half
Adder.
The second Half Adder has the inputs from the Sum of the first Half Adder and the Carry-In. The
output of the second Half Adder are the Carry which leads to the OR Gate, and the Sum.
The output of the OR gate results in the Carry-Out of the calculation.
18
DISCLAIMER
(e) (3 marks)
Criteria
Correctly provides the data stream in binary format
Provides the data stream in binary format with an error
Attempts to provide component of the data stream in binary format
Marks
3
2
1
Suggested Answer:
The Header is 0011
The Body is 9
1001
7
0111
3
0011
The trailer is 1010

The data stream is:
0011 1001
0111
0011
1000 1010
8
1000
19
DISCLAIMER
BLANK PAGE
20
DISCLAIMER

2016 Marking Guidelines

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CATHOLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS ASSOCIATION OF NSW

2016 TRIAL HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

Question 21 (11 marks)

Library Attendance list

Student Name appended to Library

Substantially correct structure chart

Completes the desk check correctly

Question 26 (11 marks)

For a correct answer

Section III Option Topic

00000000 represents 0 (zero)

01111111 represents 127 (64+32+16+8+4+2+1 = 127).

This represents the largest possible positive value

(A . B) + (A . B) which is equivalent to an XOR gate

The trailer is 1010

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