Chapter

Scientific Investigation

Objective Questions

1. Which of the following explains

correctly the meaning of making a
hypothesis?
A Making an observation
B Making a conclusion
C Making an inference
D Making a statement relating the
manipulated variable and the
responding variable

6. The table shows a set of data obtained

from an experiment.

2. When a problem has been identified in a

scientific investigation, the next step is
A to collect the relevant data.
B to plan an experiment.
C to form a hypothesis.
D to draw a conclusion.

Temperature (C)

3. What is the next step in scientific

investigation after observing a natural
phenomenon and wondering why it
happens?
A Identifying the problem
B Planning an investigation
C Drawing a conclusion
D Collecting data
4. Which of the following is observable,
but not measurable data?
A Time taken for a change to occur
B Rise in temperature
C Change in colour
D Voltage produced
5. Which of the following is not one of
the processes involved in planning an
experiment?
A Controlling variables
B Recording of data
C Step-by-step list of procedure
D Determining apparatus and materials
to be used

Time (s)

Temperature
(C)

30 32 35 39 48 69 85

30 60 90 120 150 180

Which of the following charts is most

suitable to represent the data?
A

7. Which of the following is not a suitable

method of analysing data?
A Using graphs
B Using tables
C Using histogram
D Using tape recorders
8. The diagram shows the apparatus used
in an experiment.

Time (s)

Temperature (C)

What is the responding variable in the

experiment?
A Surface area
B Rate of evaporation
C Initial volume of water
D Size of container
Time (s)

Temperature (C)

Time (s)

TC 19

30 cm3 of water

9.

Impurities present in water affect the

boiling point of water.

Based on the above hypothesis, what is

the responding variable?
A Presence of impurities
B Boiling point of water
C Volume of water
D Temperature of water
10. Which of the following are the positive
scientific attitudes and noble values
needed in recording data?
I Honesty
II Accuracy
III Care
A I and II only
C II and III only
B I and III only
D I, II and III

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Structured Questions

1. Diagram 1 shows an experiment.

34

29

Air

Air

Air

Painted
white

(a) Complete the following table based on the diagram.

Unpainted

Painted
black

Diagram 1

Flask

Temperature (C)

Painted white
Unpainted
Painted black
(b) State the following variables in the experiment.
(i) Manipulated :
(ii) Responding :
(iii) Constant

(c) State a hypothesis for the experiment.

2. Diagram 2 shows the steps involved in a scientific investigation.

(a) Fill in the blanks with suitable words chosen from those given in the box.
Collecting data Forming hypothesis Making conclusion

Identifying
problem

Planning
investigation

Analysing
data

Diagram 2

(b) The data collected during an experiment can be organised in graphical forms.

Give three examples of graphical forms that can be used to represent the data obtained in an experiment.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

(c) What should be done if the result of an experiment disproves the hypothesis?

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

TC 20

Chapter

Body Coordination

Objective Questions

1. Which of the following is not correctly

given?

A
B

C
D

Nervous system
Endocrine
controls
system controls
speech.

growth.

involuntary
actions.

blood glucose
level.

memory.

the senses.

sexual maturity.

thinking.

2. The following diagram shows a neurone.

What type of a neurone is it?

A A receptor
B A motor neurone
C A relay neurone
D A sensory neurone

3. Neurone X sends impulses from the

central nervous system to effectors.
Neurone X is a
A receptor.
B motor neurone.
C relay neurone.
D sensory neurone.
4. Neurones are not directly connected
to one another. There is always a gap
between two adjacent neurones.
This gap is known as

A myelin sheath.
B dendrite.

C synapse.
D cell body.

5. The path taken by an impulse during a

certain type of action is shown below.
Receptor Spinal cord Effector
Which of the following is an example of
the type of action?
A Reading
B Breathing
C Coughing
D Kicking a ball
6. Which of the following is an involuntary
action?
A Swallowing
C Speaking
B Memorising
D Thinking
7. The following diagram shows the human
brain.

8. Which of the following is controlled by

the cerebrum?
A Writing
B Sweating
C Digesting
D Sneezing
9. The hormones in our body are
transported by
A blood.
B ducts.
C the nervous system.
D the excretory organs.
10. The following diagram shows the
locations of the major endocrine glands
in the human body.
A
B

C
P

What is the name of the part labelled as

P?
A Cerebrum
B Cerebellum
C Spinal cord
D Medulla oblongata

Which of the glands, A, B, C or D,

secretes hormones when one is in
danger?

Structured Questions

1.

Diagram 1 shows the structure of a neurone.

P:

Receptor
Q:

R:
Diagram 1

(a) Label the structures, P, Q and R, with their respective names.

TC 21

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(b) Name the neurone shown in the diagram.

(c) What is the function of the receptor?

(d) On the diagram, draw arrows () to show the direction of movement of an impulse.
2. Diagram 2 shows some of the differences between nervous coordination and hormonal coordination.
Nervous coordination

Differences in terms of

Form of message

Speed of transmission

Hormonal coordination

Effectors

Parts affected

Target organs

Localised and temporary

Effects

Widespread and irreversible

Duration of response
Diagram 2

(a) Complete the above graphical organiser.

(b) Why are the endocrine glands also known as ductless glands?
(c) Name the endocrine glands that secrete insulin.

Chapter

Heredity and Variation

Objective Questions

1. What are the functions of mitosis?

I It replaces worn out cells.
II It increases the number of cells.
III It produces reproductive cells.
A I and II only
C II and III only
B I and III only
D I, II and III

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2. In which of the following organs does

meiosis take place?
A Brain
B Heart
C Ovary
D Stomach

TC 22

3. Each ovum produced by a woman has

A 20 chromosomes.
B 23 chromosomes.
C 43 chromosomes.
D 46 chromosomes.

 5. A father with curly hair and a mother

with straight hair have four children, all
of them with curly hair.
What can we conclude based on this
statement?
A Both curly hair and straight hair are
dominant traits.
B Both curly hair and straight hair
recessive traits.
C Curly hair is a dominant trait
whereas straight hair is a recessive
trait.
D Curly hair is a recessive trait
whereas straight hair is a dominant
trait.
6. Plant P which produces red flowers
is crossed with Plant Q which also
produces red flowers. 3/4 of the first
filial generation produce red flowers
whereas 1/4 of them produce white
flowers.

If R represents the dominant gene for

red flowers and r represents the recessive
gene for white flowers, what are the
genotypes of Plant P and Plant Q?
P

RR

rr

RR

Rr

Rr

RR

Rr

Rr

7. The following diagram shows the results

of a study on a certain variation among
some students.
Number of students

4. There are 40 chromosomes in each bone

cell of a mouse.
When the bone cell undergoes mitosis,
how many chromosomes will each of the
daughter cells have?
A 20
C 60
B 40
D 80

Trait P

What can you infer from the diagram?
A Trait P shows continuous variation.
B Trait P shows discontinuous
variation.
C Trait P might be the blood group.

D Trait P is determined by genetic

information only.
8. Which of the following mutations is
caused by a change in the number of
chromosomes?
A Albinism
B Downs syndrome
C Sickle-cell anaemia
D Colour-blindness
9. The occurrence of a recessive mutant
trait, such as colour-blindness, takes
place
A equally often in males and females.
B more often in females.
C only in males.
D more often in males.
10. Selective breeding can be done by
I cloning.
II artificial insemination.
III embryo transplants.
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II and III

Structured Questions

1. Diagram 1 shows the process of mitosis.

(a) State two functions of mitosis.

(i)

(ii)

Diagram 1

TC 23

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(b) Describe briefly what happens at the following stages.

(i)

Stage M :

(ii) Stage P :
(c) State two characteristics of mitosis.

(i)

(ii)

2. Diagram 2 shows the schematic diagram of a monohybrid cross in pea plants.

F1 generation

Gametes
Indicator
R : Dominant gene for purple
flower
r : Recessive gene for white
flower

F2 generation

Diagram 2

(a) Complete the above diagram.

(b) State the percentage of plants in the F2 generation that bear

(i) purple flowers :
(ii) white flowers :
(c) State the flower-colour phenotype ratio of the F2 generation.

Chapter

Matter and Substance

Objective Questions

1. The diagram shows the arrangements of

particles in two substances.

Which of the following gives correctly

the states of the two substances?
A
B

C
D

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Liquid

Liquid
Solid

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Gas
Gas

2. The kinetic theory of matter explains

A the energy levels of particles and the
forces between particles in matter.
B the sizes of particles in matter.
C the arrangements of particles in
matter.
D the types of particles in matter.
3. The proton number of Atom P is 16 and
its nucleon number is 32.
From this we can conclude that
A Atom P has 32 neutrons.
B Atom P has 32 electrons.
C the total number of protons and
neutrons in Atom P is 32.

TC 24

D the total number of protons and

electrons in Atom P is 16.
4. The proton number of Atom X is 2 while
its nucleon number is 4.
Which of the following represents
correctly the structure of Atom X?
A

C

 5. The diagram shows the interconversion

of states of matter.
Gas

7. The following gives some physical

properties of Metal P.

R
S

Solid

Which of the following is not correct?

A

Process

Name of process
Melting

Sublimation

Condensation

Freezing

6. Which of the following are isotopes of

the same element?
Isotope

Proton
number

Nucleon
number

16

17

Q
R
S

A P and Q
B P and R

7
6

Dry cell
Bulb

Soft
Strong
Can withstand heat

Liquid
P

II

P is suitable to be made into

A electric wires.
B cooking utensils.
C cans.
D doors.

Salt
solution

III

Dry cell
Bulb

8. Which of the following is not one of the

uses of chlorine?
A To kill germs in swimming pools
B To make pesticides
C As a coolant
D As a bleaching agent
9. Which of the following bulbs will light
up?
Dry cell
I
Bulb

C Q and S
D R and S

A
B
C
D

I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III

10. Which of the following mixtures can be

separated by fractional distillation?
A Sugar and water
B Salt and water
C Oil and water
D Alcohol and water

16
14

Lime
juice

Sugar
solution

Structured Questions

1. Diagram 1 shows the set-up of apparatus to obtain pure water from a salt solution.
Thermometer

Retort stand

Round-bottomed
flask

Salt solution

Pure water

Diagram 1

(a) Name the above process.

TC 25

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(b) (i)

Name Apparatus P.

(ii) State the function of Apparatus P.

(iii) On the diagram, draw and label arrows () to show how water flows into and flows out of P.
(c) Name a method used to obtain salt crystals from salt solution.

2. Diagram 2 shows a set-up of apparatus to investigate the electrical conductivity of various substances.
Batteries
ry
tte
Ba

ry
tte
Ba

ry
tte
Ba

Bulb

Magnesium
strip

Switch

Diagram 2

The magnesium strip is then replaced by a lump of sulphur followed by a carbon rod.
Table 1 shows the observations of the experiment.

Substance
Magnesium

Observation
The bulb lights up.

Sulphur

The bulb does not light up.

Carbon

The bulb lights up.

(a) State the following variables in the experiment.

(i) Manipulated :

Table 1

(ii) Responding :
(iii) Constant

(b) What is the operational definition for the experiment?

(c) Based on the results in Table 1, which of the substances conduct electricity?

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TC 26

Chapter

Energy and Chemical Changes

Objective Questions

1. Which of the following statements is not

true about a chemical change?
A A new substance is formed.
B A chemical change does not involve
any change of energy forms.
C A chemical change is difficult to
reverse.
D A chemical change may absorb or
release heat.
2. What happens when iron filings are
heated with sulphur powder?
I The mixture glows brightly.
II A black solid is formed.
III A chemical change occurs.
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II and III
3. Which of the following involves a
chemical change?
A

Steam

A the reaction absorbs heat from the

water.
B it is an exothermic reaction.
C there is a net gain of energy.
D the reaction absorbs heat from the
surroundings.

4. The diagram shows an experiment to

study the heat change in a chemical
reaction.
Ammonium
chloride
Thermometer

Thermometer

30C

28C

Water

8. Which of the following metals reacts

most vigorously with water?
A Calcium
B Sodium
C Magnesium
D Potassium

What process is involved in the

experiment?
A Neutralisation
B Evaporation
C Endothermic
D Exothermic

9. Which of the following metals cannot be

extracted from its ore by using carbon?
A Aluminium
B Iron
C Zinc
D Lead

5. Which of the following is an

endothermic reaction?
A Photosynthesis
B Burning of magnesium
C Reaction between a reactive metal
and water
D Neutralisation

10. Which of the following characteristics

of dry cells make it advantageous to use
dry cells?
I Light
II Small
III Portable
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II and III

6. When sodium is put into water, the

temperature of the water increases.
This is because

7. The reactants used in the production of

ammonia are
A oxygen and nitrogen.
B nitrogen and hydrogen.
C hydrogen and oxygen.
D oxygen and carbon dioxide.

TC 27

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Structured Questions

1. Diagram 1 shows the set-up of apparatus for an experiment.

Ammonium
chloride

30

30

Water

Temperature :

Diagram 1

(a) Fill in the blanks in the diagram.

(b) (i) What type of reaction is shown in Diagram 1 in terms of heat change?
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (i).

(c) The following are some processes involving heat change.

Combustion of fuels
Burning of candles

Boiling of water
Photosynthesis

Which of the above processes involve heat change(s) similar to that shown in Diagram 1?

2. Diagram 2 shows the Haber process.

Gas X
450 550

Cooled
Ammonia gas

Catalyst Q
Hydrogen

(a) Name
(i) Gas X

Diagram 2

(ii) Catalyst Q :

(b) What is the purpose of carrying out the Haber process?

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TC 28

Liquidified ammonia

(c) State two uses of ammonia.

(i)

(ii)

(d)

Chapter

When a piece of red litmus paper is dipped into some ammonia solution, the litmus paper turns blue.
Based on the above information, what inference can you make?

Nuclear Energy

Objective Questions

1. What is radioactive decay?

A The decomposition of reactive
substances
B The process whereby radioactive
substances are transformed into
radiations
C The decomposition of radioactive
substances by bacteria
D The process whereby an unstable
nucleus emits particles or radiations
to form a more stable nucleus
2. Which of the following can be reflected
by an electric field?
I Alpha particles
II Beta particles
III Gamma rays
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II and III
3. Which of the following are the uses of
gamma radiation?
I Food preservation
II Sterilisation of medical instruments
III Pest control
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II and III
4. Carbon-14 is used to
A trace the uptake of fertilisers by plants.
B estimate the ages of ancient remains
and artifacts.

C treat cancer patients.

D kill germs.
5. Which of the following radiations has
the highest penetrating power?
A Alpha particles
B Beta particles
C Gamma rays
D X-rays
6. Which of the following can be blocked
by an aluminium plate?
I Alpha particles
II Beta particles
III Gamma rays
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II and III
7. The diagram shows a certain process.
High-energy
neutron

Radioactive
nucleus

This process is called

A nuclear fission.
B nuclear fusion.
C radioactive decay.
D decomposition.

TC 29

8. In a nuclear reactor, the generation of

electricity is powered by energy released
from
A nuclear fission.
B nuclear fusion.
C radioactive decay.
D decomposition.
9. Which of the following are the effects of
radioactive radiation on living things?
I Infertility
II Premature aging
III Mutation of cells
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II and III
10. Which of the following are the hazards
caused by the usage of radioactive
substances?
I The improper disposal of radioactive
waste
II The risk of accidents in nuclear
power stations
III The long-term effects of nuclear
pollution
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II and III

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Structured Questions

1. Diagram 1 shows a cylindrical container designed to store radioactive substances.

Cylindrical castle
for storage
4 mm plug
Holder
Active material
seated in a
metal foil

Diagram 1

(a) What are radioactive substances?

(b) (i)

Suggest a suitable material to make the cylindrical castle.

(ii) Explain your answer in (i).

(c) Predict what would happen if the cylindrical castle were made of paper?

2. Diagram 2 shows one use of radioactive substances.

(a) State three other uses of radioactive substances.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

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Diagram 2

TC 30

(b) Explain how radioactive substances are useful for the following purposes.
(i) Food preservation:
(ii) Pest control:

Chapter

Light, Colour and Sight

Objective Questions

1. Which of the following is not a

characteristic of images formed in a
plane mirror?
A Laterally inverted
B Virtual
C Diminished
D Upright
2. Which of the following ray diagrams is
correctly drawn?
A
Lens

3. A convex lens is directed to a building

situated beyond 2F, where F is the focal
point of the lens. A screen on the other
side of the lens is adjusted until a sharp
image is obtained.
What are the characteristics of the image
formed?
I Virtual
II Inverted
III Diminished
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II and III

6. If a convex lens is placed in front of the

pinhole of a pinhole camera, the image
formed will be
A blurred but bright.
B short and big.
C bright but small.
D sharp and bright.
7. Which of the following pairs has
structures with similar functions?
A
B

4. The diagram shows the formation of an

image in a pinhole camera.

Lens

Lens

D
Lens

In the camera

Iris

Film

Pupil

Retina

Aperture

Cillary muscles

Diaphragm
Lens

8. Which of the following apparatuses can

disperse light?
A A plane mirror
B A prism
C A periscope
D A microscope

In the eye

What will happen to the image if the

pinhole is enlarged?
A It becomes brighter and sharper.
B It becomes sharper.
C It becomes larger.
D It becomes brighter but more
blurred.
5. It is given that F is the focal point of a
convex lens.
Supposing you use the lens to form the
image of an object, where must you
place the object so that the image is real,
inverted and smaller than the object?
A Beyond 2F
B At 2F
C Between F and 2F
D At F

TC 31

9. The diagram shows a beam of white

light directed to a prism.

White
White
light
light

Cyan Yellow
Cyan Yellow
filter filter
filter filter

White
White
screen
screen

What is the colour of the strip of light

formed on the white screen?
A Red
C Green
B Blue
D Black
10. When blue and yellow pigments are
mixed together, the resulting pigment is
A red.
C green.
B blue.
D cyan.
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Structured Questions

1. A student carried out a series of activities to investigate the images formed by using a concave lens.
(a) Complete the following ray diagrams to show the formation of images by the concave lens.

(i)

Object

2F

(ii)

Object

2F

(iii)

Object

2F

(b) State the characteristics of the images formed by a concave lens.

(c) Based on your drawings in (a), state the relationship between the distance of the object from the lens and the size of the image formed.

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

TC 32

 2. Diagram 1 shows the overlapping of three light beams of different colours on a white screen.

Red
Cyan

Green

Diagram 1

(a) State the colours that appear in the areas, P and Q, respectively.
(i)

P :

(ii) Q :

(b) State the two primary colours of light that can be added to produce cyan-coloured light.
(c) Based on the diagram, if a green filter is placed over the areas, P and Q, state the colours that will appear in the areas.
(i)

P :

(ii) Q :

Chapter

Chemicals in Industry

Objective Questions

1. What are the substances used to make

steel?
I Carbon
II Iron
III Gold
A I and II only
C II and III only
B I and III only
D I, II and III
2. The hardness of a metal can be increased
by
A purification.
C alloying.
B oxidation.
D electroplating.
3. Which of the following is not one of the
purposes of producing alloys?
A To prevent corrosion
B To make metals lighter
C To make metals harder
D To improve the appearance of the
metal
4. Superconductors are used in
I Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
II Maglev trains.
III computers.
A I and II only
C II and III only
B I and III only
D I, II and III

5. Which of the following is incorrectly

matched?
A
B

C
D

Alloy
Steel

Product
Cooking utensils

Pewter

Decorative items

Brass

Air craft fuselage

Bronze

Medals and statues

6. Which of the following will decrease

the production of ammonia in the Haber
process?
I Increasing the temperature
II Reducing the temperature
III Using iron powder as catalyst
A I and II only
C II and III only
B I and III only
D I, II and III
7. Which of the following is not one of the
uses of ammonia?
A To produce household cleaners
B To produce nitric acid
C To produce rubber
D To kill germs

TC 33

8. Which of the following are needed for

the production of ammonia?
A Hydrogen and oxygen
B Nitrogen and oxygen
C Hydrogen and nitrogen
D Carbon dioxide and hydrogen
9. Urea can be produced from the reaction
between
A hydrogen and nitrogen.
B hydrogen and water.
C ammonia and carbon dioxide.
D nitrogen and oxygen
10. Which of the following steps can be
taken to control the disposal of industrial
waste in order to avoid pollution?
I Enforcement of existing laws
II Application of technology
III Recycling of waste
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II and III

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Structured Questions

1. Diagram 1 shows the arrangement of atoms in iron.

(a) (i)

Describe the arrangement of atoms in iron.

Diagram 1

(ii) Based on your answer in (i), explain why iron is malleable.

(b) Suggest a way to make iron stronger.
(c) Why is steel stronger than iron?
(d) Draw, in the space given below, the arrangement of particles in steel.

(e) State one purpose of producing alloys, other than to make metals stronger.

2. Diagram 2 shows the production of ammonia by the Haber process.

Gas X

Temperature: yC
Pressure: 200 atm
Catalyst: Z

Nitrogen

Diagram 2

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TC 34

Ammonia

(a) Name what is represented by each of the following in the diagram.

(i)

Gas X :

(ii) yC

(iii) Z

(b) Ammonium salts are the most common artificial fertilisers.

Name two substances used to produce ammonium nitrate.

(c) State two uses of ammonia, other than to produce fertilisers.

(i)
(ii)

TC 35

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