Centroids and Centers of Gravity

Eighth Edition
VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS:

CHAPTER STATICS
5 Ferdinand
Ferdinand P.
E.
E. Russell
&
P. Beer
Beer
Russell Johnston,
& R.C.
Johnston, Jr.
R.C. HIBBELER
HIBBELER
Jr.
Yayılı kuvvetler:
Lecture
Lecture Notes:
Notes: Ağırlık Merkezleri
Dr.
Dr. N.
N. MEYDANLIK
MEYDANLIK
T
Trakya
rakya University
University
© All rights reserved.
Edition
Eighth
Contents
Introduction Theorems of Pappus-Guldinus

Center of Gravity of a 2D Body Sample Problem 5.7
Centroids and First Moments of Areas Distributed Loads on Beams
and Lines Sample Problem 5.9
Centroids of Common Shapes of Areas Center of Gravity of a 3D Body:
Centroids of Common Shapes of Lines Centroid of a Volume
Composite Plates and Areas Centroids of Common 3D Shapes
Sample Problem 5.1 Composite 3D Bodies
Determination of Centroids by Sample Problem 5.12

Integration
Sample Problem 5.4
© All rights reserved to bana. 5-2

Edition
Eighth
Definitions:
• Mass is a property of a physical object that
quantifies the amount of matter it contains.
• Weight is a force that results from the action of

gravity on matter.
• Center of gravity (CG) - Point which locates the

resultant weight of a physical object or system of
particles.
• Center of mass (CM) - Point where the mass of a

physical object or system of particles can be assumed
to be concentrated.
• Centroid - Point which defines the geometric

center of a physical object or system of particles.
Edition
Eighth
Note:
The center of gravity and the center of mass
coincide when the gravitational field the object is
subjected to has the same magnitude and
direction everywhere.
On Earth, in general engineering applications, the

assumption of a uniform gravity field is
appropriate to use.
The centroid will coincide with the CM and CG only

if the material composing the physical object is
homogeneous.

Edition
Eighth
e zaman Ağırlık Merkezi/Kütle Merkezini
hesaplama ihtiyacı duyarız?
Statikte genellikle cismin toplam kütlesi ile
ilgileniriz ve cismin toplam ağırlığını tekil bir kuvvet
olarak göstermek isteriz.???
Aracın keskin virajlarda devrilmeye karşı

Su deposu taşıyıcı ayakların daha emniyetli olması için kütle merkezi
tasarımı nerde olmalı?
Edition
Eighth
Center of Mass (Kütle Merkezi)
-Cismi sonsuz sayıda maddesel noktadan meydana gelmiş

bir sistem olarak gözönüne alırız.
Use the concept of equivalent loads to
locate the centre of mass:
The total mass located at the centre of

mass must create a moment about any
point equal to the moment created by all dW=ρg dV
the individual particle masses about that W=Mg
same point.
For example, to find x coordinate of
centre of mass, consider moment about
y-axis:
xW = ∫ ~
x dW
V
x Mg = ∫ ~
x ρg dV
V
Edition
Eighth
Center of Mass (Kütle Merkezi)
-Kütle merkezinin koordinatları, x , y , z ;

(Yerçekimi kuvvetini heryerde aynı kabul ederek)
~ ~y ρ dV ~z ρ dV
∫ x ρ dV ∫ ∫
x= V , y= V , z= V
M M M
The centre of gravity is a point which locates the

resultant weight of a system of particles or body, and is
generally the same as the centre of mass (as long as the
gravity field is assumed to have the same magnitude and
direction everywhere –appropriate for most engineering
applications)

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Eighth
Centroid (Geometri Merkezi)

The centroid C is a point which defines the
geometric centre of an object.
The centroid coincides with centre of mass

or centre of gravity only if: the material of
the body is homogenous (density or specific
weight is constant throughout the body).
-Geometri merkezinin koordinatları, x , y , z ;

~ ~y dV ~z dV
∫ x dV ∫ ∫
x= V , y= V , z= V
V V V
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Eighth
Centroid (Geometri Merkezi)
If an object has an axis of symmetry, then the centroid of the object lies on that axis.

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Eighth
Understanding the difference between Center of Area

(centroid) and Center of Mass: by sticking a coin on this
surface, the CM will be changed!
© All rights reserved to bana. 5 - 10

Edition
Eighth
Centroid of an Area (Alanın Geometri Merkezi)
Consider an extruded homogeneous volume as shown -this has a constant cross
section along an axis, shown as Area A
Xcand Ycfor the volume will be located at the centroid(Xc, Yc) of the Area A
Alan AT
Alan AT
To find XC, for example, x ( ρ g t AT ) = ∫∫ ~

x ( ρ g t dx dy )
consider the moment about the y-axis : A
veya
x ( AT ) = ∫∫ ~
x ( dx dy )
A
Edition
Eighth
Centroid of an Area (Alanın Geometri Merkezi)
Bir alanın geometri merkezinin koordinatları, önceki ifade tekrar

düzenlenerek ,
~ ~
x dx dy ∫∫ ∫
x dA Qy: y eksenine göre 1. alan
momenti (statik moment)
X= A
= A
benzer şekilde ;
∫ dA
A
AT
~y dx dy ~y dA
∫∫ ∫ Qx: x eksenine göre 1. alan
momenti (statik moment)
Y= A
= A
∫ dA
A
AT
SONUÇ :
Sabit kalınlıklı, homojen bir Qy Qx
düzlemsel bölgenin geometri X= Y = şeklinde
AT AT elde edilir.
merkezinin koordinatları ,

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Eighth
Centroid of Line (Bir Uzunluğun Geometri Merkezi)
~ ~ ~
∫ x dL ∫ y dL ∫ z dL
x= L
y= L
z= L
∫ dL
L
∫ dLL
∫ dL
L
Edition
Eighth
Bir alanın geometri merkezinin integrasyonla belirlenmesi için adımlar

1. Önce genel bir noktada (x,y) uygun diferensiyel eleman (dA) seçilir. Bunun
için eğer y, x cinsinden kolaylıkla ifade ediliyorsa ,e.g., y=x2+1, düşey
eleman tercih edilir, aksi durumda yatay eleman.
2. dA diferensiyel elemanı dx (veya dy) diferensiyelleri cinsinden ifade edilir

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Eighth
İki boyutlu cismin ağırlık merkezi
Plağı n tane küçük elemana

böldüğümüzü kabul edelim
• Center of gravity of a plate • Center of gravity of a wire
∑ M y x W = ∑ x∆W • Alanın ağırlık merkezi de cismin ağırlık

merkezine benzer. Ağırlık merkezini
= ∫ x dW
bulmak için alanın birinci momenti (statik
∑ M y yW = ∑ y∆W moment) kullanılır.
= ∫ y dW

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Eighth
Centroids and First Moments of Areas and Lines
• Centroid of an area • Centroid of a line
x W = ∫ x dW x W = ∫ x dW
x (γ At ) = ∫ x (γt )dA x (γ La ) = ∫ x (γ a )dL
x A = ∫ x dA = Q y
x L = ∫ x dL
= first moment with respect to y
yL = ∫ y dL
yA = ∫ y dA = Q x
= first moment with respect to x
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Eighth
First Moments of Areas and Lines
• Eğer bir alan BB’ eksenine göre simetrik ise her
P noktasına karşılık bir P’ noktası vardır, PP’
doğrusu BB’ eksenine diktir ve BB’ doğrusu
tarafından ikiye bölünmüştür.
• Simetri eksenine göre alanın 1. momenti sıfırdır.
• Eğer bir alanın simetri ekseni varsa ağırlık
merkezi bu eksen üzerindedir
• Đki simetri ekseni varsa, centroid onların

kesişimindedir.
• An area is symmetric with respect to a center O

if for every element dA at (x,y) there exists an
area dA’ of equal area at (-x,-y).
• The centroid of the area coincides with the

center of symmetry.
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Eighth
Determining centroids of objects

Centroids can be found using three methods:
1. Composites – If an object can be divided up into relatively
simple shapes with known centroids, then the centroid of the
entire object can be found using the weighted average of the
centroids of the composites.
2. Integration – If the area, volume, or line of an object can be
described by a mathematical equations, then the centroid can be
determined through integration.
3. Solid modeling software – Software such as AutoCAD can be
used to construct 3D models of objects. The software can also
determine the centroid of the objects (as well as volumes,
moments of inertia and other mass properties). This is not a
required element of this course, but an example will be
provided.
Edition
Eighth
Centroids of common shapes
y y'
y c
y, y'
y'
r C x' x' h x'

C
C
x r x
x
x =0 b
4r 4r x = 13 (b + c)
y= x=y=
3π 3π y = 13 h
A = 12 π r 2 A = 14 π r 2
A = 12 bh
P = r (2 + π ) P = r (2 + π )1

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Eighth
Centroids of Common Shapes of Areas

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Eighth
Centroids of Common Shapes of Areas

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Eighth
Centroids of Common Shapes of Lines

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Eighth
Composite Plates and Areas
• Composite plates
X ∑W = ∑ x W
Y ∑W = ∑ y W
• Composite area
X ∑ A = ∑ xA
Y ∑ A = ∑ yA

Edition
Eighth
Sample Problem 5.1
SOLUTION:
• Divide the area into a triangle, rectangle,
and semicircle with a circular cutout.
• Calculate the first moments of each area
with respect to the axes.
• Find the total area and first moments of
the triangle, rectangle, and semicircle.
Subtract the area and first moment of the
Yukardaki taralı alanın, x and y circular cutout.
eksenlerine göre 1. momentlerini ve • Compute the coordinates of the area
ağırlık merkezinin yerini bulunuz. centroid by dividing the first moments by
the total area.

Edition
Eighth
Sample Problem 5.1
• Find the total area and first moments of the Qx = +506.2 × 103 mm 3
triangle, rectangle, and semicircle. Subtract the
Q y = +757.7 × 103 mm 3
area and first moment of the circular cutout.
Edition
Eighth
Sample Problem 5.1
• Compute the coordinates of the area

centroid by dividing the first moments by
the total area.
∑ x A + 757.7 × 103 mm3

X = =
∑ A 13.828 × 103 mm 2
X = 54.8 mm
∑ y A + 506.2 × 103 mm 3
Y = =
∑ A 13.828 ×103 mm 2
Y = 36.6 mm

Edition
Eighth
CONCEPT QUIZ
1. Based on the typical centroid information 3cm 1 cm

available in handbooks, what are the
minimum number of segments you will have 1 cm
to consider for determing the centroid of
the given area?
3cm
1, 2, 3, or 4

Edition
Eighth
ATTENTION QUIZ
Örnek SWF1, 2
y
1. A rectangular area has semicircular and 1
triangular cuts as shown. For determining the 2cm
centroid, what is the minimum number of pieces 2
that you can use? 4cm
3
A) Two B) Three A2-A1-A3
x
C) Four D) Five
2cm 2cm
2. For determining the centroid of the area, two

square segments are considered; square y 1m 1m
ABCD and square DEFG. What are the
~ ~y ) of the centroid of square
coordinates (x, A D
DEFG? E 1m
A) (1, 1) m B) (1.25, 1.25) m G

F 1m
C) (0.5, 0.5 ) m D) (1.5, 1.5) m x
B C

Edition
Eighth
Composite Plates and Areas
Example: Find the centroid of the area shown below.
1) Ağırlık merkezini bildiğin parçalara böl.

2) Her bir parçanın ağırlık merkezini bul.
3) Verilen şeklin ağırlık merkezini hesapla.
N
∑x ⋅ A i i
x1 ⋅ A1 + x2 ⋅ A2 + x3 ⋅ A3
x = i =1
N
=
A1 + A2 + A3
∑A
i=1
i
A2 A3
A1 N
∑y ⋅ A i i
y1 ⋅ A1 + y2 ⋅ A2 + y3 ⋅ A3
(x2 , y2) (x3 , y3) y = i=1
=
(x1 , y1) N
A1 + A2 + A3
∑A
i=1
i

Edition
Eighth
Example: Problem 5.5 (also see Sample Problem 5.1)
Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.
Yanıt : X=49,35 mm
Y=93,83 mm
Edition
Eighth
Determination of Centroids by Integration
x A = ∫ xdA = ∫∫ x dxdy = ∫ xel dA • Double integration to find the first moment

may be avoided by defining dA as a thin
yA = ∫ ydA = ∫∫ y dxdy = ∫ yel dA rectangle or strip.
x A = ∫ xel dA = Qy x A = ∫ xel dA = Qy x A = ∫ xel dA = Qy
= ∫ x ( ydx ) a+x =∫
2r 1 
cosθ  r 2 dθ 
=∫ [ (a − x )dx] 3 2 
2
yA = ∫ yel dA = Qx yA = ∫ yel dA = Qx
yA = ∫ yel dA = Qx
y
=∫ ( ydx ) = ∫ y [(a − x )dx ] =∫
2r 1 
sin θ  r 2dθ 
2 3 2 
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Eighth
Steps for determining area centroid

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Eighth
Sample Problem 5.4 ;
SOLUTION:
• Determine the constant k.
• Evaluate the total area.
• Using either vertical or horizontal
strips, perform a single integration to
find the first moments.
Determine by direct integration the
location of the centroid of a parabolic • Evaluate the centroid coordinates.
spandrel.

Edition
Eighth
SOLUTION:
• Determine the constant k.
y = k x2
b
b = k a2 ⇒ k =
a2
b a
y= x2 or x= y1 2
a2 b1 2
• Evaluate the total area.

A = ∫ dA
a
a
b 2  b x3 
= ∫ y dx = ∫ 2 x dx =  2 
0
a  a 3 0
ab
=
3
Edition
Eighth
• Using vertical strips, perform a single integration to find the first moments.
a
 b 
Q y = ∫ xel dA = ∫ xy dx = ∫ x 2 x 2  dx
0  
a
a
 b x4  a 2b
= 2  =
 a 4 0 4
a 2
y 1 b 
Qx = ∫ yel dA = ∫ y dx = ∫  2 x 2  dx
2 0
2a 
a
 b2 x5  ab 2
= 4  =
 2 a 5  0 10

Edition
Eighth

• Or, using horizontal strips, perform a single
integration to find the first moments.
b 2
a+x a − x2
Q y = ∫ xel dA = ∫ (a − x )dy = ∫ dy
2 0 2
1 b  2 a 2  a 2
b
= ∫ a − y dy =
2 0  b 
 4
 a 
Qx = ∫ yel dA = ∫ y (a − x )dy = ∫ y a − 1 2 y1 2 dy
 b 
b
 a 3 2 ab 2
= ∫  ay − 1 2 y dy =
0 b  10
Edition
Eighth
Sample Problem 5.4
• Evaluate the centroid coordinates.
xA = Qy
ab a2b 3
x = x= a
3 4 4
yA = Q x
ab ab 2 y=
3
b
y = 10
3 10

Edition
Eighth
Dik Üçgenin ağırlık merkezi
dA = x dy
b
dA = (h − y ) dy
h
1b 
x =  (h − y )
~
2h 
~
y=y
h
1 b  b 
∫ 2  h ( h − y) 
 h ( h − y)  dy
h
~
∫
∫ y dAy
b 
 (h − y ) dy ∫ x% dA 
h  x= A =0
y= A = 0h
∫ dA
h
b 
∫A dA ∫  b (h − y ) dy ∫0  h
 ( h − y )  dy
A

0 
h
1 2 1 2
bh b h
b
y= 6 =
h x= 6 =
1 1 3
bh 3 b h
2 2
Edition
Eighth
Ex. 1 :Boyalı alanın ağırlık merkezini bulunuz .

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Eighth

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Eighth

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Eighth
EXAMPLE
Given: The area as shown.

Find: The x of the centroid.
Solution
1. Choose dA as a horizontal
(x1,,y) rectangular strip.
(x2,y)
2. dA = ( x2 – x1) dy
= ((2 – y) – y2) dy
3. ~
x = ( x1 + x2) / 2
= 0.5 (( 2 – y) + y2 )
Edition
Eighth
~
4. x = ( ∫A x dA ) / ( ∫A dA )
1
∫A dA = 0∫ ( 2 – y – y ) dy
2
[ 2 y – y2 / 2 – y3 / 3] 01 = 1.167 m2
1
∫A ~
x dA = 0∫ 0.5 ( 2 – y + y2 ) ( 2 – y – y2 ) dy
1
= 0.5 0∫ ( 4 – 4 y + y2 – y4 ) dy
= 0.5 [ 4 y – 4 y2 / 2 + y3 / 3 – y5 / 5 ] 10
= 1.067 m3
x = 1.067 / 1.167 = 0.914 m

Edition
Eighth
Örnek:2 ; Düşey diferensiyel eleman ile

1
~
∫ x dA ∫ x (y 2 − y1 ) dx
x= A
= 0
∫ dA
1
A ∫ (y 2 − y1 ) dx
 dA = ( y2 − y1 ) dx  0
 ~  1
∫ x (x − x ) dx
 x = x  2 1
x= 0
1
= 12 = 0.5 ft
1
∫( )
x − x dx
2
6
0
 ( y2 + y1 ) 
1
~
∫ y dA ∫0  2 ( y2 − y1 ) dx
y= A
=
 dA = ( y2 − y1 ) dx 
∫ dA
1

~ (

y2 − y1 ) ( y2 + y1 )  A ∫ (y 2 − y1 ) dx
 y = y1 + =  0
 
2 2 1
(
 x+ x  2
)( )
∫0  2  x − x dx 604
2
y= 1
=
1
∫ x − x 2
(
dx
6
)
0
y = 0.4 ft
Edition
Eighth
Yatay diferensiyel eleman ile
 dA = ( x1 − x2 ) dy 
1
(x1 + x2 ) (x − x )dy 1
(x
2
− x12 )
  ∫ ~x dA ∫ 1 2 ∫ 1
dy
~ ( x1 − x2 ) ( x1 + x2 )  x= A
= 0
2
= 0
2
 x = x2 + = 
∫ dA
1 1
 2 
∫ (x − x ) dy ∫ (x − x ) dy
2
A 1 2 1 2
0 0
x1 = y
x2 = y
1 

( y ) − y 
2 2
1
(y − y ) dy
2
∫ 2
dy ∫ 2
x= 0
= 0
= 0.5
∫( ) ∫( )
1 1
y − y dy y − y dy
0 0
 ( y2 + y1 ) 
1
 dA = ( y2 − y1 ) dx 
~
∫ y dA ∫  ( y2 − y1 ) dx
  2 
~ ( y − y ) ( y + y )
1 
y= A
= 0
∫ dA
1
 y = y1 + = 
2 1 2
 2 2 
A ∫ (y
0
2 − y1 ) dx
1
(
 x + x2  )( )
∫0  2  x − x dx 604
2
y= 1
=
1
∫ x − x 2
(dx
6
)
0
y = 0.4 ft
Edition
Eighth
Theorems of Pappus-Guldinus
• Surface of revolution is generated by rotating a

plane curve about a fixed axis.
• Bir dönel yüzeyin alanı, kendisini

meydana getiren eğrinin boyu ile
yüzeyin meydana gelmesi sırasında
eğrinin ağırlık merkezinin katettiği
uzaklığın çarpımına eşittir.
A = 2π yL
Edition
Eighth
Theorems of Pappus-Guldinus
• Body of revolution is generated by rotating a plane

area about a fixed axis.
• Bir dönel cismin hacmi, kendisini

meydana getiren alan ile cismin
meydana gelmesi sırasında alanın
ağırlık merkezinin katettiği uzaklığın
çarpımına eşittir.
V = 2π y A
Edition
Eighth
Sample Problem 5.7
SOLUTION:
• Apply the theorem of Pappus-Guldinus
to evaluate the volumes or revolution
for the rectangular rim section and the
inner cutout section.
• Multiply by density and acceleration

to get the mass and acceleration.
The outside diameter of a pulley is 0.8
m, and the cross section of its rim is as
shown. Knowing that the pulley is
made of steel and that the density of
steel is ρ = 7.85 × 103 kg m 3
determine the mass and weight of the
rim.

Edition
Eighth
Sample Problem 5.7
SOLUTION:
• Apply the theorem of Pappus-Guldinus
to evaluate the volumes or revolution for
the rectangular rim section and the inner
cutout section.
• Multiply by density and acceleration to

get the mass and acceleration.
( )( 

)
3
m = ρV = 7.85 × 103 kg m 3 7.65 × 10 6 mm3 10 −9 m 3 mm 

m = 60.0 kg
W = mg = (60.0 kg ) 9.81 m s 2
( ) W = 589 N
Edition
Eighth
Distributed Loads on Beams
L • A distributed load is represented by plotting the load

W = ∫ wdx = ∫ dA = A per unit length, w (N/m) . The total load is equal to
0
the area under the load curve.
(OP )W = ∫ xdW • A distributed load can be replace by a concentrated

L load with a magnitude equal to the area under the
(OP ) A = ∫ xdA = x A load curve and a line of action passing through the
0 area centroid.

Edition
Eighth
Distributed Loads on Beams
Illustration: The lumber on the rack shown below distributes the weight evenly
across the supporting beam. This uniform loading is represented by a load curve with
equal length lines. The total weight (resultant) equals the area under the load curve
and it acts at the centroid of the load curve. (Ref: Statics, 9th Edition, by Hibbeler)

Edition
Eighth
Sample Problem 5.9
SOLUTION:
• The magnitude of the concentrated load
is equal to the total load or the area under
the curve.
• The line of action of the concentrated
load passes through the centroid of the
area under the curve.
• Determine the support reactions by
A beam supports a distributed load as summing moments about the beam
shown. Determine the equivalent ends.
concentrated load and the reactions at
the supports.

Edition
Eighth
Sample Problem 5.9
SOLUTION:
• The magnitude of the concentrated load is equal to
the total load or the area under the curve.
F = 18.0 kN
• The line of action of the concentrated load passes

through the centroid of the area under the curve.
63 kN ⋅ m
X = X = 3.5 m
18 kN

Edition
Eighth
Sample Problem 5.9
• Determine the support reactions by summing

moments about the beam ends.
∑ M A = 0 : B y (6 m ) − (18 kN )(3.5 m ) = 0
B y = 10.5 kN
∑ M B = 0 : − Ay (6 m ) + (18 kN )(6 m − 3.5 m ) = 0

Ay = 7.5 kN

Edition
Eighth
Center of Gravity of a 3D Body: Centroid of a Volume
• Center of gravity G • Results are independent of body orientation,

r r
− W j = ∑ (− ∆W j ) x W = ∫ xdW yW = ∫ ydW z W = ∫ zdW
r r
rG × (− W j ) = ∑ [r × (− ∆W j )]
r r • For homogeneous bodies,
r r
rGW × (− j ) = (∑ r ∆W ) × (− j )
r r W = γ V and dW = γ dV
x V = ∫ xdV yV = ∫ ydV z V = ∫ zdV
r r
W = ∫ dW rGW = ∫ r dW
Edition
Eighth
Centroids of Common 3D Shapes

Edition
Eighth
Composite 3D Bodies
• Moment of the total weight concentrated at the

center of gravity G is equal to the sum of the
moments of the weights of the component parts.
X ∑W = ∑ xW Y ∑ W = ∑ yW Z ∑W = ∑ zW
• For homogeneous bodies,

X ∑V = ∑ xV Y ∑ V = ∑ yV Z ∑V = ∑ zV

Edition
Eighth
Sample Problem 5.12
SOLUTION:
• Form the machine element from a
rectangular parallelepiped and a
quarter cylinder and then subtracting
two 1-in. diameter cylinders.
Locate the center of gravity of the

steel machine element. The diameter
of each hole is 1 in.

Edition
Eighth
Sample Problem 5.12

Edition
Eighth
Sample Problem 5.12
X = ∑ xV ∑ V = (3.08 in 4 ) (5.286 in 3 )
X = 0.577 in.
Y = ∑ yV ∑ V = (− 5.047 in 4 ) (5.286 in 3 )
Y = 0.577 in.
Z = ∑ zV ∑ V = (1.618 in 4 ) (5.286 in 3 )
Z = 0.577 in.

Centroids and Centers of Gravity

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Centroids and Centers of Gravity

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Eighth Edition

VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS:

Introduction Theorems of Pappus-Guldinus

Sample Problem 5.1 Composite 3D Bodies

Determination of Centroids by Sample Problem 5.12

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• Weight is a force that results from the action of

• Center of gravity (CG) - Point which locates the

• Center of mass (CM) - Point where the mass of a

• Centroid - Point which defines the geometric

On Earth, in general engineering applications, the

The centroid will coincide with the CM and CG only

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Aracın keskin virajlarda devrilmeye karşı

Center of Mass (Kütle Merkezi)

-Cismi sonsuz sayıda maddesel noktadan meydana gelmiş

The total mass located at the centre of

-Kütle merkezinin koordinatları, x , y , z ;

The centre of gravity is a point which locates the

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Centroid (Geometri Merkezi)

The centroid coincides with centre of mass

-Geometri merkezinin koordinatları, x , y , z ;

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Understanding the difference between Center of Area

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To find XC, for example, x ( ρ g t AT ) = ∫∫ ~

Centroid of an Area (Alanın Geometri Merkezi)

Bir alanın geometri merkezinin koordinatları, önceki ifade tekrar

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Bir alanın geometri merkezinin integrasyonla belirlenmesi için adımlar

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Plağı n tane küçük elemana

∑ M y x W = ∑ x∆W • Alanın ağırlık merkezi de cismin ağırlık

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Centroids and First Moments of Areas and Lines

• Centroid of an area • Centroid of a line

• Đki simetri ekseni varsa, centroid onların

• An area is symmetric with respect to a center O

• The centroid of the area coincides with the

Determining centroids of objects

r C x' x' h x'

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Centroids of Common Shapes of Areas

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Centroids of Common Shapes of Lines

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Sample Problem 5.1

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Sample Problem 5.1

• Compute the coordinates of the area

∑ x A + 757.7 × 103 mm3

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1. Based on the typical centroid information 3cm 1 cm

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2. For determining the centroid of the area, two

A) (1, 1) m B) (1.25, 1.25) m G

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Example: Find the centroid of the area shown below.

1) Ağırlık merkezini bildiğin parçalara böl.

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