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1.) If the following statements are True, Place a T in the line before the statement. If False, place
an F. (2 points each)
T
A closed system can exchange heat, work but not matter with the surroundings.
Using mean bond enthalpy is the most accurate way to calculate the heat of a reaction
(rH).
N2
! E !E k T
= e ( 2 1) B
N1
a.) N2 / N1 represent the ratio of entropy between the two energy states.
b.) At infinitely high temperatures, only the highest energy state is occupied.
c.) At very low temperatures (~0K) only the lowest energy state is occupied.
d.) kB is a rate constant in the reaction.
e.) the exponent of : (E2 E1)/kBT ; has units of energy (Joules).
3.) The reason H is equal to zero for an adiabatic expansion of a gas is because:
a.) U also equals zero and (nRT) is zero.
b.) there is no exchange of heat in this process so H = 0.
c.) the temperature remains constant.
d.) the heat loss is equal, but opposite in magnitude, to the work done.
e.) the statement is false, H does not equal zero for an adiabatic expansion of a gas.
4.) Enthalpy is best defined as:
a.) the heat of combustion.
b.) the energy contained within a system
c.) the sum of the internal energy and the pressure-volume product of a system
d.) the sum of the kinetic and potential energies
e.) work not limited to pressure-volume work
4
5.) In the table below, fill in the columns labeled : q, w, U, H, S, with either a positive sign (+),
negative sign (), or exactly zero (0) to predict the quantity for the system in each process
described. (2 points each)
Process
6.) (5 points) Calculate S for the process of heating 1.00 Liter of liquid water from 0.00C to
100.C. (Be sure your answer is in proper units)
!S = CP ln
T2
T1
# 1cal &
# 1000mL &# 4.184J &
)1
CP = %
( (1L ) %
(%
( = 4,184J " K
$ mL " K '
$ L '$ cal '
373
!S = ( 4,184J " K )1 ) ln
273
)1
!S = 1, 305.8J " K
!S = 1.31 kJ " K )1
5
7. (11 points). Below is a scan from a Differential Scanning Calorimetry experiment for a
wildtype protein and a mutant protein. Please refer to the diagram in answering the questions.
Wildtype
Mutant
70
Cp (kJ/molK)
60
50
40
30
20
10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
T (C)
Estimate the "melting temperature" for the mutant protein (nearest 5C)?
60C
Estimate the " melting temperature " for the wildtyp protein (nearest 5C)?
65C
Wildtype
Wildtype
6
8.) (10 points) The heat capacity of a solid lead oxide is given as:
CP,m = 44.35 + 1.47 !10 "3 T (units of JK-1mol-1)
Calculate the total change in enthalpy of 725.4 gram of lead oxide when cooled from 750K
to 300K at constant pressure. The molecular mass of lead oxide is 223.2 g/mol and the
density is 23.1 g/cm3.
Tf
!H = n " CP,m dT
Ti
!H =
300 K
725.4 g
44.35 + (1.47 %10 $3 ) T dT
$1 "
223.2 g # mol 750 K
300 K
&
1.47 %10 $3 2 )
!H = 3.25mol % (44.35T +
T +
2
'
*750 K
!H = 3.25mol (13, 371J / mol $ 33, 676J / mol )
!H = $66.0 kJ
7
9.) (12 points). Many thermophilic bacteria live in hot anaerobic environments. Therefore, they
breakdown glucose to lactic acid at high temperatures. Given the information below
(@298K), calculate the enthalpy for this reaction at 90.0C, the temperature where they live.
C6H12O6 ! 2CH3CH(OH)COOH
Compound
C6H12O6
CH3CH(OH)COOH
M/ (gmol-1)
180.16
90.08
fH (kJmol-1)
-1,273.3
-694.0
CP,m (JK-1mol-1)
219.2
127.0
8
10. (10 points). Calculate the total enthalpy change of the process where 2.00 moles of water
vapor (36mL) at 120.0C, is cooled to a liquid at a final temperature of 20.0C. The Enthalpy
of vaporization of water is 40.7 kJ/mol, and enthalpy of fusion of water is 6.01 kJ/mol, the
molar heat capacity of steam is 37.47 Jmol-1K-1, and the molar mass of water is 18.01 g/mol.
Three steps than add together
Step 1) cool water vapor from 120 to 100C
!H = nCP,m !T = ( 2.00mol ) 37.47J " mol #1 " K #1 (100 #120 )
!H = #1, 498.8J
Step 2) condense 2 mole water at 100C
! cond H = "! vap H = "n! vap H m = " ( 2mol ) 40, 700kJ # mol "1 = "81, 400J