A WHOLE WORLD OF SEAMLESS HOT ROLLED TUBES

 Limits and state of the art of the new

creep resistant steels for new power
plants
B. Hahn, V & M Deutschland GmbH, Dsseldorf

 Limits and state of the art of the new creep resistant

steels for new power plants
1. Introduction
2. New low-alloy steel grades for boiler tubes/water wall panels and
walled pipeline components

thick-

3. Properties and application recommendation of the new martensitic 9 % Cr

steel.
4. Status of development for the new 12% Cr- steel grade VM12
5. Summary

 Limits and state of the art of the new creep resistant

steels for new power plants
1. Introduction
2. New low-alloy steel grades for boiler tubes/water wall panels and
walled pipeline components

thick-

3. Properties and application recommendation of the new martensitic 9 % Cr

steel.
4. Status of development for the new 12% Cr- steel grade VM12
5. Summary

Tendency of development of the main steam parameters for fossil fired

Power plants
Japan

today

Near
future

Target
2014/15

USA

Europe

605C / 613C

593C

600C / 605C

25 MPa

27 MPa

28-30 MPa

630C

620C/ 28 MPa

600C / 625C

25 MPa

(650C)

28- 30 MPa

~ 700C

760C

700C / 720C

35 MPa

35 MPa

35 MPa

Consequences resulting from the increase of the

steam parameters for the utilized Boiler tube steel
grades
Limitation of the operation range of the well known heat resistant tube
steel grades for high stressed boiler and pipeline components
Introduction of new low-alloy steel grades for water wall panels in the
new boiler generation, which are working deep in the creep range
Introduction of new 9 12 % martensitic Cr Steels, with creep range
parameters > 100 MPa/ 105 h, to allow especially thick wall components
(steam header, T-pieces etc.) a flexible mode of operation
Beside a high creep rupture strength, the high temperature corrosion
behaviour is one of the most decisive design factor.

 Limits and state of the art of the new creep resistant

steels for new power plants
1. Introduction
2. New low-alloy steel grades for boiler tubes/water wall panels and
walled pipeline components

thick-

3. Properties and application recommendation of the new martensitic 9 % Cr

steel.
4. Status of development for the new 12% Cr- steel grade VM12
5. Summary

Maximum allowable temperature of Membran Wall

Wall temperature in C
620
Tube dimension 38 x 6,3 mm

600
580

T91

560
T24

540

T23
10CrMo9-10

520
500

13CrMo4-4

480
250

300

350
400
Design Pressure in bar

450
8

T/P22

T/P23

T/P24

max. 0,15

0,04 - 0,10

0,05 - 0,10

Si

max. 0,50

max. 0,50

0,15 - 0,45

Mn

0,30 - 0,60

0,10 - 0,60

0,30 - 0,70

max. 0,025

max. 0,030

max. 0,020

max. 0,025

max. 0,010

max. 0,010

Ni

---

---

---

Cr

1,90 - 2,60

1,90 - 2,60

2,20 - 2,60

Mo

0,87 - 1,13

0,05 - 0,30

0,90 - 1,10

---

1,45 - 1,75

---

Ti

---

---

0,05 - 0,10

---

0,20 - 0,30

0,20 - 0,30

Nb

---

0,02 - 0,08

---

Al

---

max. 0,030

max. 0,020

---

max. 0,030

max. 0,010

---

0,0005 - 0,0060

0,0015 - 0,0070

Chemical Composition of the new low alloyed grades

7CrWVMoNb9-6 (T/P23) und 7CrMoVTiB10-10 (T/P24) in
comparison to the grade 10CrMo9-10 (T/P22)
9

CCT-Diagram of the new alloyed 2.25% Cr-Boiler grades

7CrWVMoNb9-6 (T/P23)

7CrMoVTiB10-10 (T/(P24)
Chemical
composition, mass %

Si

0.08 0.21

Mn
P
S
Al
Cu
Cr
0.53 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.09 2.44

1000
900
800

Mo
0.95

V
B
Nb
Ti
N
0.26 0.004 0.002 0.053 0.0073

Austenitizing temperature: 1000 C

Holding time: 30 min.
Grain size: ASTM 6 -7

AC3 = 960 C

AC1 = 815 C

F+C

700

Temperature (C)

Ni
0.18

15

79

100

96

600
500

MS

12

400
361

300
200
100

A
F+C
B
M
MS
MF
5 10...

32

97

MF

Austenite
Ferrite + Carbide
Bainite
Martensite
Martensite start temp.
Martensite finish temp.
% Transformation product
Hardness, HV 10

0
10 -1 Seconds 10 0

122

44 52
58

98 84 20

99

131

350

329

347

10 1

318

316

312

1 Minutes

154
293

10 2

Time

311

338

10 3
10

104
100
1 Hours

10 5
1000
10
01.16811

10

1400

350
Normalizing 1000C 30min a.c.
300

1200

Tempering

Rm

250

R p0.2

200

800
150
600
100
400

200

steel grade
7CrMoVTiB10-10
(T/P 24)

50
AV

0
550

behaviour of the
Av (Joule)

Rp0.2 and Rm (MPa)

1000

-50
600

650

700

750

800

Tempering 2h at Indicated Temperature in C

11

Heat Treatment Conditions of the new grades

7CrWVMoNb9-6 (T/P23) and 7CrMoVTiB10-10 (T/P24)
ASTM
Grade

Normalizing
C

Tempering
C

Normalizing
C

Tempering
C

960
990

>1040

>730

1040
1080 1)

730
780 1)

960
990

>980

>730

980
1020 2)

730
760 2)

Ac1

Ac3

T/P23

800
820

7CrMoVTiB10-10
T/P24

800
820

7CrWVMoNb9-6

EN 10216-2

12

0,2 proof strength (minimum values) of T22, T23 and T24

at elevated temperatures
500
450

T24
T23
T22

0,2%- proof strength [MPa]

400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Temperature [C]

13

Results of impact tests of the grades 7CrWVNb9-6 (T/P23) and

7CrMoVTiP10-10 (T/P24)after different heat treatment conditions
400

Charpy impact energy [J/cm ]

350
300
250
200
150

T23 (AC)
P23 (WQ)
T24 (AC)
P24 (AC)
P24 (WQ)

100
50
0
- 100

- 75

- 50

- 25

25

50

75

100

125

Temperature [C]

14

Mechanical properties of the grade 7CrMoVTiB10-10 after aging at 550C

elongation [%]

Strength [MPa]

800
Rm

700
600

Rp 0,2

500
400
30
25
20
15

Impact energyy [J]

10
300
250
200
150
100

10

102

103
Aging time [h]

104

105
15

Mechanical properties of 7CrWMoVNb9-6 and 7CrMoVTiB10-10

in comparison to the grades 10CrMo9-10 and
X10CrMoVNb9-1according to EN 10216-2/2007

Steel grade

YS
MPa

TS
MPa

A5 (trans.)
%

Impact
energy
(trans.) J

10CrMo9-10

min. 280

480 - 630

min. 20

min. 27

7CrWMoNb9-6

min. 400

510 - 740

min. 20

min. 27

7CrMoVTiB10-10

min. 450

585 - 840

min. 17

min. 27

X10CrMoVNb9-1

min. 450

620 - 850

min. 17

min. 27

16

Status of the V&M-Creep test results of 7CrWVNb9-6 (T/P23)

and 7CrMoVTiB10-10 (T/P24)

1000

S tre s s (M P a )

S tres s (M P a)

1000

100
500C
550C
600C
T/P23-Mean

100

500C
550C
600C
T/P24-Mean

10
100

Open Symbol: Running Test

1000

10000
Time (h)

100000

10
100

1000

10000
Time (h)

100000

1000000

17

Creep rupture strength of 7CrWVMoNb9-6(T/P23) and 7CrMoVTiB10-10(T/P24)

in comparison to 10CrMo9-10 (T/P22) and X10CrMoVNb9-1 (T/P91)
300

105h Creep rupture strength (MPa)

T/P 24
250

T/P 23
T/P 91

200

10CrMo9-10

150

100

50

0
500

520

540
560
Temperature (C)

580

600
18

Expansion in 10- 6 K-1

T/P 24

18,0
16,0
14,0
12,0
10,0
0

200
400
600
Temperature in C

40

-1

Mean Coefficient of Linear

T/P 23
TP 304

Thermal Conductivity in Wm K

T/P 22
T/P 91

20,0

-1

Physical properties (Mean coefficient of linear expansion and thermal conductivity)

of the grades T/P23 und T/P24 in comparison to T/P91 and to the austenitic steel
grade T/P304

800

35
30
25
20

T/P 22
T/P 91

T/P23
TP 304

T/P 24

15
0

200

400

600

800

Temperature inC

19

Bending of 7CrWVMoNb9-6 (T/P23) and

7CrMoVTiB10-10 (T/P24)
T23

Bending of 7CrWVMoNb9-6 (T/P23) and 7 CrMoVTiB10-10 (T/P24)

Hot and cold bending for both steel grades was done without problems
Depending on the degree of deformation a heat treatment
after cold bending (stress relief treatment) could be necessary
After hot forming (mainly heavy wall thickness), always quench and
tempering process is mandatory.

R=1.3 O.D.

20

References for operation of the grades

7CrWVMoNb9-6 (T/P23)
and 7 CrMoVTiB10-10 (T/P24)
Heated boiler area
High temperature corrosion behaviour of both steel grades is located on
the level of 10 CrMo9-10 (T/P22) therefore an effective operation until 550
C steam temperature (superheated steam oxidation) cannot be
compensated with additional wall thickness allowance.

Unheated thick-walled boiler and pipeline components

Effective operation in the range of 500 to 550C
Material substitution for some low alloy steel grades (14MoV6-3;
15 CrMoV5-10/15Ch1M1F) for maintenance and revamping projects

21

Use of the grades 7CrWVMoNb9-6 (P23) and 7CrMoVTiB10-10(P24)

in high pressure piping systems in the temperature range 500C to 550C
300
T/P 24
T/P 23
T/P 91
10CrMo9-10
15CrMoV5-10
14MoV6-3

105 h Creep rupture strength(MPa)

250

200

150

100

50

0
500

520

540
560
Temperature (C)

580

600

22

Wall thickness calculation for the straight pipe according to the EN-Standard
and ASME (Design pressure = 191 bar, design Temperature = 545C)
Pipe dimension acc. to EN13480-3

Di=

4 50

P91, e = 41,3

P23, e = 58,6

P24, e = 52,3

Steel Wall thickness e Wall thickness t

grade
acc. to
acc. to ASME
EN 13480-3 [mm]
B31.1 [mm]
P22
105,2
96,2
P23
58,6
55,7
P24
52,3
50,0
P91
41,3
39,8

P22, e = 105,2
23

Wall thickness calculation for a T fitting according to EN standard;

design pressure p = 191 bar, design temperature T = 545C, basic pipe
Di = 450mm/connection Di = 300 mm 450 mm/connection

=
=
=
=

67
83
91
15 5

P22, e = 103
P23, e = 61
P24, e = 55
P91, e = 45

D i = 450

P9 1, e
P2 4, e
P2 3, e
P2 2, e

Di = 300

Material

Wall thickness acc. to

EN 13480-3 [mm]

P22

135,0 / 96,0

P23

91,0 / 61,0

P24

84,0 / 55,0

P91

68,0 / 45,0

24

Status of standardisation
EN 10 216-2*

VdTVData sheet

7CrWVMoNb9-6
7CrMoVTiB10-10

533

Grade

ASTM

ASME

Code
Case

T23
P23

A213
A335

SA213T23

2199-1

T24
P24

A213

in
progress

*EN 10 216-2/10-2007

25

 Limits and state of the art of the new creep resistant

steels for new power plants
1. Introduction
2. New low-alloy steel grades for boiler tubes/water wall panels and
walled pipeline components

thick-

3. Properties and application recommendation of the new martensitic 9 % Cr

steel.
4. Status of development for the new 12% Cr- steel VM12
5. Summary

26

T/P9

T/P91
X10CrMoVNb9-1

E911
X11CrMoWVNb9-1-1

T/P92
X10CrWMoVNb9-2

X20CrMoV11-1

max. 0,15

0,08 0,12

0,09 0,13

0,07 0,13

0,17 0,23

Si

0,25 - 1,00

0,20 0.50

0,10 0.50

max. 0.50

0,15 0,50

Mn

0,30 - 0,60

0,30 0,60

0,30 0,60

0,30 0,60

max. 1,00

max. 0,020

max. 0,020

max. 0,020

max. 0,025

max. 0,010

max. 0,010

max. 0,010

max. 0,020

Al

max. 0,040

max. 0,040

max. 0,040

max. 0,040

Cr

8,00 - 10,00

8,00 9,50

8,50 9,50

8,50 9,50

10,0 12,50

Ni

max. 0,040

0,10 0,40

max. 0,040

0,30 0,80

Mo

0,09 - 0,1,10

0,85 1,05

0,90 1,10

0,30 0,60

0,80 1,20

0,90 1,10

1,50 2,00

0,18 0.25

0,18 0,25

0,15 0,25

0,25 0,35

Nb

0,06 0,10

0,06 0,10

0,04 0,09

0.0005 0.0050

0.0010 0.0060

0.030 0.070

0.050 0.090

0.030 0.070

Chemical Composition of the new steel grades T/P91, E911, T/P92

in comparison to the grades T/P92, und X20CrMoV11-1
27

CCT-Diagram of the grade

X20CrMoV11-1

CCT-Diagram of the grade

X10CrMoVNb9-1(T/P91)

28

CCT-Diagram of the grade

X11CMoWVNb9-1-1(E911)

CCT-Diagram of the grade

X10CrWMoVNb9-2 (T/P92)

29

Tempering Behaviour
1400

300
Austenitisierung 1060C 60'/L
250
Rm

1000

200

R p0.2
800

150
R m (min)

600

100

R p0.2 (min)

400

Av (Joule)

Rp0.2 und Rm (MPa)

1200

50

AV
Empfohlener
Anlass-Bereich

200
0
600

Anlaverhalten des Stahles

X10CrMoVNb9-1
(T/P91)
X10CrMoVNb9-1

650
700
750
800
850
Anlassen 1h bei Temperatur in C

0
-50
900

Anlaverhalten des Stahles

X11CrMoWVNb9-1-1
(E911-T/P911)
X11CrMoWVNb9-1-1

30

Tempering Behaviour of the grade X10CrWMoVNb9-2

(T/P92)
31

Heat treatment parameter of the new

9% Cr-steel grades in comparison to
the X20CrMoV11-1
Steel Grade

Normalisation Tempering
temperature
temperature
C
C

X20CrMoV11-1

1020 to 1070

730 to 780

X10CrMoVNb9-1 (T/P91)

1040 to 1080

750 to 780

X11CrMoWVNb9-1-1 (E911)

1040 to 1080

750 to 780

X10CrWMoVNb9-2 (T/P92)

1040 to 1080

750 to 780

32

10 h Zeitstandfestigkeit (MPa)

200

E911

180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40

ECCC Data Sheet 2005

20

VdTV 552/2 (03/98)

0
550

570

590
610
Temperatur (C)

630

650

Comparison of the results of the ECCC creep strength evaluation of 2005 with the
values specified in the old VdTV-Data Sheet 522/2 for the grade X11CrMoWVNb91-1
33

10 5h Zeitstandfestigkeit (MPa)

200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
550

ECCC Data Sheet 2005

ECCC Data Sheet 1999
acc. ASME CC 2179
570

590
610
Temperatur (C)

630

650

Comparison of the results of the ECCC creep strength

evaluation of 1999 and 2005 with the values specified in the
ASME-Code Case 2179 for the steel X10CrWMoVNb9-2 (T/P92)
34

Status of Standardisation

VdTV
Data Sheet

DIN-EN

ASTM

ASME

Code
Case

X10CrMoVNb 9-1
T91
P91

511/2

10216-22)

----------A213
A335

--------SA 213
SA335

--------

X11CrMoWVNb9-1-1

522-21)

10216-22)

-----------A213
A335

------------------

2327

552-21)

10216-22)

----------A213
A335

---------SA 213
SA335

2179

Grade

T911
P911
X10CrWMoVNb9-2

T92
P92

1) Edition 09/2007
2) Edition 10/2007

35

Consequences resulting out of the devaluation of the creep rupture strength

of the steel grades X11CrMoWVNb9-1-1 (E 911 T / P 911) and
X10CrWMoVNb9-2
Both steel grades are showing a significant decrease for the creep rupture
strength after longer stress time factors. The reason for this are micro
structural variances (Laves Z Phase-Formation).
These running micro structural procedures are, regarding their kinetic of
formation, still little known and have to be well-grounded analyzed, for to
achieve an improvement concerning chemical alloy composition.
The new evaluation has shown, that only after achieving of test period times >
50.000 h, a sufficient extrapolation guarantee can be available.
For the construction of the new Power plant generation (600C - 625C), first
priority is given to the use of steel grade X10CrMoVNb9-2.
Also with this steel grade, the actual limited design parameters for thick walled
components (Header, Fittings, Valve bodies) are on the boundary of a good
flexibility in the operation (start up phases and load reduction).

36

 Limits and state of the art of the new creep resistant

steels for new power plants
1. Introduction
2. New low-alloy steel grades for boiler tubes/water wall panels and
walled pipeline components

thick-

3. Properties and application recommendation of the new martensitic 9 % Cr

steel.
4. Status of development for the new 12% Cr- steel grade VM12
5. Summary

37

Zunderschichtdicke (mm)

0.4
X20CrMoNiV11-1
X10CrMoVNb9-1 (P/T 91)
P/T 92
0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Auslagerungszeit bei 650C (h)

Oxydation resistance of the 9 to 12% Cr-steel

grades in water steam atmosphere
38

Principles of alloy design: Aims

Improved oxidation
resistance

Improved
Oxidation
Resistance

comparable or better than

12% Cr- steels in order to
allow application up to 650C
(1200F).
Good mechanical properties
and high creep strength

VM12
Good
Mechanical
Properties
&
High Creep
Strength

comparable or better than the

advanced 9% Cr-steel T/P92
Good
Workability
&
Weldability

Good workability and

weldability
similar to the well-known steel
T/P91

3939

Alloy concept for steel grade VM 12 SHC

This steel grade should have a martensitic microstructure

The chromium content was fixed with > 11 %, to guarantee a good
corrosion resistance
The content of V, Nb and N should be comparable to the 9% Cr-steel
(hardening by precipitation of MX particles).
The influence of the other elements, such as Mo, W, Co and B with
the effect to increase the strength should be tested and optimized
with special trials

40

C
X20CrMo
V12-1

Si

Mn

Al

Cr

Ni

Mo

Nb

Ti

Co

0,17- max. max. max. max. max. 10,00- 0,30- 0,80- 0,25- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------0,23 0,50 1,00 0,030 0,030 0,040 12,50 0,80 1,20 0,35 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------

X10CrMoV 0,08- 0,20- 0,30- max. max. max. 8,00- max. 0,85- 0,18- 0,06- ------- ------- 0,030- ------- ------Nb9-1
0,12 0,50 0,60 0,020 0,010 0,040 9,50 0,40 1,05 0,25 0,10 ------- ------- 0,070 ------- ------P 91
X11CrMoW
0,09- 0,10- 0,30- max. max. max. 8,50- 0,10- 0,90- 0,18- 0,06- ------- 0,90- 0,050- 0,001- ------VNb9-1-1
0,13 0,50 0,60 0,020 0,010 0,040 9,50 0,40 1,10 0,25 0,10 ------- 1,10 0,090 0,006 ------E 911
X10CrWMo
0,07- max. 0,30- max. max. max. 8,50- max. 0,30- 0,15- 0,04- ------- 1,50- 0,030- 0,001 ------Nb9-2
0,13 0,50 0,60 0,020 0,010 0,040 9,50 0,40 0,60 0,25 0,09 ------- 2,00 0,070 0,006 ------P 92

VM12

0,08
0,18

0,20
0,60

0,10 max. max.

0,80 0,020 0,010

max. 10,0
0,040 13,0

max. max. 0,18

0,60 0,80 0,30

0,030 ------- 1,00

0,060 ------- 1,80

0,030 0,001 0,50

0,090 0,010 2,00

Chemical composition of the grade VM12 in comparison to

the other 9-12% Cr-steel grades

41

Chemical composition of the grade VM12-SHC

Analyse [%]

Si

Mn

Al

Cu

Cr

Ni

Mo

Nb

Co

Laborschmelze 0,110 0,45 0,20 0,013 0,002 0,015 0,013 11,50 0,23 0,28 1,40 0,24 0,0030 0,065 1,30 0,056
F
Ind. Schmelze
1 BGH

0,115 0,49 0,35 0,018 0,001 0,008 0,060 11,50 0,29 0,29 1,50 0,26 0,0049 0,050 1,62 0,066

Ind. Schmelze
- SSV

0,106 0,45 0,32 0,015 0,002 0,012 0,045 11,25 0,26 0,24 1,44 0,26 0,0044 0,047 1,55 0,065

Ind. Schmelze
3 - Bous

0,110 0,48 0,18 0,018 0,002 0,010 0,060 11,25 0,23 0,27 1,44 0,23 0,0035 0,051 1,50 0,055

VM12-SHC

0,10
0,14

0,40 0,15
max. max. max. max.
0,60 0,45 0,002 0,015 0,020 0,25

11,00 0,10 0,20 1,30 0,20 0,003

12,00 0,40 0,40 1,70 0,30 0,006

0,030 1,40 0,030

0,080 1,80 0,070

42

16
Austenite A
14
A+M

Ni-Equivalent

12

SchaefflerDiagram

A+F

(Mod. nachSchneider)

10
8

Martensite M
M+F+A

6
4
M+F

-Ferrite F
0
5

10

15

20

25

Cr-Equivalent
Typical V&M T92
Industrial heat 3

Lab heat F
T122 Example 1

Industrial heat 1
T122 Example 2

Industrial heat 2

The aim was to achieve a

fully martensitic structure.
The compositions of the
three heats are in a small
area, at a point where CrEq is maximum for a
martensite structure (with
a small amount of DeltaFerrite).

Schaeffler Diagramm modifiziert

Crq = Cr + 2Si + 1,5Mo + 5V + 5,5Al + 1,75 Nb + 1,5Ti + 0,75W
Niq = Ni + Co + 0,5Mn + 30C + 0,3Cu + 25 N
43

Behaviour of VM12-SHC: CCT-Diagram

44

Heat treatment parameter of the grade

VM12-SHC
Normalisation temperature: 1040C to 1080C/air cooling
Tempering Temperature:
Ac1b-Point:

750C to 800C/air cooling

810C to 830C (depending on
the chemical analysis)

45

Mechanical properties (Rp0,2 und Rm) of the grade VM12-SHC depending

on temperature in comparison to the grades T/P122 und T/P92
1000
900
800

Y S (MP a)

700
600
500
400
300
200
100

RT

930F

1110F

500

600

0
0

100

200

300

400

700

Temperature (C)
VM12 - YS results

TP92 - Min YS

TP122 - Min YS (2)

VM12 - TS results

TP92 - Min TS

TP122 - Min TS (2)

46

Properties of VM12-SHC: Impact energy depending on temperature

Charpy-V Im pa ct Ene rgy (J )

140
120
100

Ind. Heat 1-Tubes

Ind. Heat 1-Pipes

80
60
40
20
0
-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

20

40

Temperature (C)
47

Mechanical properties of the steel VM12-SHC at room temperature

Delivery
condition

Normalized
and
tempered

YS
MPa

> 450

TS
MPa

Elongation A5
%

620
850

Impact energy
J

long

trans

trans

> 19

> 19

> 27

Mechanical properties depending on higher temperature

Temperature C

100

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

YS (min)
MPa

412

390

383

376

367

356

342

319

287

TS (min)
MPa

565

526

510

497

490

479

448

406

338

48

Creep rupture strength of VM12-SHC at 550C

1000

Stress (MPa)

550C

100

E911_ECCC-05
BGH 406x35
SSV 51x4
SSV 44,5x10
Design VM12SHC

Open Symbol: Running Test

10
10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

Time (h)

49

Creep rupture strength of VM12-SHC at 575C

1000

Stress (MPa)

575

100

E911_ECCC-05
BGH 406x35
SSV 44,5x10
SSV 38x7,1
SSV 51x4
Design VM12SHC

10
10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

Time (h)
50

Creep rupture strength of VM12-SHC at 600C

1000

Stress (MPa)

600C

100
E911_ECCC-05
BGH 406x35
Bous 480x60
SSV 140x10-1060
Bous 460x80
Bous2 406x50
BGH 60,3x8,7
SSV 38x6,3
Lab-F
Design VM12SHC

10
10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

Time (h)
51

Creep rupture strength of VM12-SHC at 625C

1000

Stress (MPa)

625C

E911_ECCC-05
BGH 406x35
SSV 140x10-1060
Bend-Extrados
Bend-Intrados
Bous 480x60
SSV 140x10-1100
Bous 460x80
SSV 38x7,1
Bous2 406x50
BGH 60,3x8,7
SSV 38x6,3
Design VM12SHC

100

10
10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

Time (h)

52

Creep rupture strength of VM12-SHC at 650C

1000

Stress (MPa)

650C

100
E911_ECCC-05
BGH 406x35
Bous 480x60
SSV 140x10-1060
Bous 460x80
Bous2 406x50
BGH 60,3x8,7
SSV 38x6,3
Lab-F
Design VM12SHC

10
10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

Time (h)
53

Creep rupture strength of VM12-SHC in comparison to the grades

X11CrMoWVNb9-1-1 (E911) und X10CrMoVNb9-1(T/P91)

10 5 h Cree p rupture strength (M Pa)

180
160
140
120
100
VM12-SHC
E911
T/P91

80
60
40
550

560

570

580

590

600

610

620

630

Temperature (C)

54

Oxydation behaviour of the grade VM12-SHC at 650C in a water steam

atmosphere in comparasion to the grade T/P92 (source ALSTOM)
bei 650C (2)
Weight Increase mg /cm

25

650C

20

Very good hot

corrosion resistance
was been confirmed
in the laboratories
of ALSTOM, KFA
Jlich, BW under
comparable test
conditions

15
10

0.24 mg/cm

T/P92
VM12

5
0
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Time in h

55

Properties of VM12-SHC in poor water steam atmosphere at

650C (1)
100

Weight loss (mg/cm )

9Cr

650C
1200F

80

Oxidation behaviour
much better than
T92 und T92

60

40

VM12

20

FGTP347H
0
0

1000

Lab heat
T91 (2)

2000

3000

4000

Ind heat 1
T92

5000

6000

7000

time (h)
Ind heat 2
FG TP347H (1)

8000

9000

Behaviour similar
to the austenitic
steel grade
TP 347H

10000

T91 (1)
FG TP347H (2)

56

Tested VM12-SHC products

Heat

Product

Size
(mm)

25

Heat Treatment

Lab Heat
F

Sheet

1060C 20 min a.c. + 780C 1 h a.c.

Ind. Heat 1
BGH
(20 t)

Tube

60,3 x 8,8 1060C 20 min a.c. + 780C 2 h a.c.

Pipe

406 x 35

1060C 30 min a.c. + 780C 2 h a.c.

Induction Bend

406 x 35

1060C 35 min a.c. + 780C 70 min a.c.

Weld (SMAW)

406 x 35

770C 2h a.c.

Weld (SAW)

406 x 35

770C 4h a.c.

Ind. Heat 2
SSV
(80 t)

Tube

38 x 6,3

1060C 20 min a.c. + 790C 1 h a.c.

Tube

140 x 10

1060C 30 min a.c. + 780C 2 h a.c.

Ind. Heat 3
Bous
(65 t)

Pipe

480 x 60

1050C 30 min a.c. + 780C 2 h a.c.

Pipe

460 x 80

1080C 30 min a.c. + 780C 4 h a.c.

Status of the industrialisation

More than 870t were produced in the
dimension ranges 44.5 x 8,8; 44,5 x10,0
and 51,0 x 4,0 for the new project
Neurath F and G.
In summary more than 2.000 t will be
produced in 2008 and 2009 for new power
plants.
.
First production of VM12-SHC to be used
for maintenance (substitution of
X20CrMoV12-1) was finished in 2007 (50t).

57

Procedure for the project specific application of VM

12- SHC in new power units
Specification of the design parameters of the relevant assembly by
the boiler manufacturer and first benchmarking with V & M and
TV Rheinland
Discussion with the prospective plant owner concerning the
intended VM12-SHC application
Project specific declaration of acceptability on the basis of the
design parameters and on the basis o f the specific material- and
fabrication
Qualification program by TV Rheinland
After presentation of the expert analysis and report, acceptance of
the pipe manufacturing in accordance with declaration of
acceptability and clients specification.

58

Procedure for the project specific application of

VM 12- SHC for maintenance and revamping projects as the
substitution material for steel grade X 20CrMoV12-1 in
Germany
Application for such kind of projects is performed under main of the well
known old design dimensions and parameters of X 20 CrMoVNb9-1
(outside Diameter, wall thickness, design pressure and temperature)
Handover of the project specific design parameters by the inquiring
company to V & M for preliminary tests of the range of application and
possibility of application with TV Rheinland
Information of the results of the preliminary tests to the inquiring
company by V & M
With the receipt of the official order at V &M, the project specific
approval to be followed and delivered by TV Rheinland
The project specific TV approval to be delivered to the client by V & M

59

Perspective view to the further qualification

With presentation of a large data pool with creep values of the
steel grade VM 12-SHC with a running period > 30.000 h (at the
moment longest period ca. 33.000 h) a common expert analysis
and report with the TV Rheinland for the operation range of the
characteristic values until to 620 C will be effected. Until then the
reduced creep rupture values, based on X 10Cr MoVNb9-1 level are
valid, for to provide design reserves for the new power plants.
As the target of the development of high creep rupture strength
and sufficient high hot temperature corrosion resistance has been
achieved for steel grade VM12 regarding the creep rupture
strength for the temperature range up to 650C the further
development is focussed on the optimization of the alloy
conception.

60

Production orders of VM12-SHC

for new power plants
Dimension ranges: OD 38 to 57 mm, wall thickness 3.2
to 10 mm
Projects:
Neurath Unit F and G
Walsum
Datteln
RDK8 Karslruhe
Boxberg
Moorburg
Rotterdam
Westfalen
Sidmar
Brunsbttel
Rotterdam

61

 Limits and state of the art of the new creep resistant

steels for new power plants
1. Introduction
2. New low-alloy steel grades for boiler tubes/water wall panels and
walled pipeline components

thick-

3. Properties and application recommendation of the new martensitic 9 % Cr

steel.
4. Status of development for the new 12% Cr- steel VM12
5. Summary

62

Summary
The concern of this report was to present the actual status of the
material qualifications and to present the operation limitations of
the new steel grades.
The low allow steel grades 7 CrMoVTiB10 -10(T/P24) and
7CrWVMoNb9-6 (T/P23) were the central points of these
examinations, furthermore the group of 9% Cr- Steel with the steel
grade X10CrWMoNb9-2 (T/P92), which is presently, with his creep
rupture property, defining the limits of the operation range of this
steel group for conventional power plants.
The first stage of development of a new V&M generation of 12%Crsteels, the steel grade for boiler tubes, VM 12-SHC, was presented.
This steel grade is characterized by a very good high temperature
corrosion behaviour, and helps by this load spectrum, to diminish
the existing gap between 9% Cr steel grades and austenitic steel
grade for boiler tubes.
The objective target of this development is to increase the
operation range of the VM12 also by sufficient high creep rupture
properties up to 650 C.
63

Thank you very much for your attention

64