NepalAirlinesCorporation

Syllabus for Senior Technical Officer Grade- VII

Aircraft Maintenance Service (Avionics)
Open Competition
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Subject: Service Related Full Marks: 100
Time: 2 Hours Pass Marks: 40
No. of Questions 50 Questions x 2 Marks each

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Part I: Fundamentals (25%)

Computer

1 Historical

development: Classes of computer,

computers, generation of electronics computers.

historical

development

of

2 Computer systems and organization: Computer hardware, computer software.

Electrical

1 Circuit elements: functional behavior of resistors, capacitors and inductor: Voltage

and current sources.

2 Series and parallel circuits: Kirchhoffs law, Network analysis. Single phase AC
circuit analysis. Power and energy in AC Circuits, Three phase circuits analysis
basics.
Basics Electronics

1 Introduction to instrumentation: The oscilloscope and its operation, digital

voltmeter, ammeter, ohmmeter.

2 Circuit concepts: diodes and diode circuit, semi conductor devices.

Mechanical
1 Engineering Static: Equivalent force systems: Equilibrium, friction, cables and
center of gravity.

2 Engineering Dynamics: Velocity, acceleration and momentum; Newtons second

law of motion. The moment law, work and energy.

3 Strength of Materials: Concepts of stress, strain and stress- strain diagram; Hooks
law.

4 Thermodynamics: Properties of substances: first law of thermodynamics; Entropy

and second law of thermodynamics; Thermodynamics cycles, gas compression

and refrigeration and gas turbine engines
axial and centrifugal flow gas turbines.

5 Fluid Mechanics: Introductory concepts; Fluid in motion; Continuity equation; Mass

conservation Viscosity, Bernoullis equation, Boundary layer; Laminar and

turbulent flow.
6 Heat Transfer: Steady state and transition; heat conduction; Heat transfer by
radiation; convective heat transfer, free and forced convection.
Engineering Drawing
Machine drawings; electrical and electronics diagram, Basic drawing concepts,
Nowerclative; project various projections drawing concept.

Part II MANAGEMENT- (15%)

Organization and
management

1 Principles of organization and management, organization behavior, management

level and function, managerial roles, importance of management. Theory of

management.
2 Internal Organization of companies: Policy and executive groups. Administrative
and functional groups. Organization structure.
3 Management information system
4 Motivation and leading people, Personnel management.
Industrial engineering and management
1 Quality Assurance, Quality Control, Production systems and planning
forecasting techniques.

Part III Electrical/Electronics/ Communications

(50%)
1. Communication:

A. Analog Communication

1 Communication Channels Overview: free space, wire, cable waveguide

and fiber, telephone and data channels.

2 Liner Modulation: Modulation properties, AM and DSBSC modulation,
demodulators and detectors- square law.
3 Angle Modulation: instantaneous frequency and Bessel functions,
frequency modulation, and narrowband FM, modulator configurations,
demodulators, discriminators.
2.
Digital Transmission:

1 Fundamentals of Baseband Pulse Transmission: transmission channels,

Basic digital communication transformations. Time division multiplexing
and asynchronous transfer mode.

2 Introduction to Switching System: Evolution, basics of switching systems,

digital and time division switching SPC

3 Signaling Equipment and systems: Signaling functions, analog and digital

subscriber,
signaling, signaling within an exchange, voice frequency and outband
register, line signaling, common channel signaling, new trends in
switching systems- a case study.
3.
Digital Communication:

1 Data transmission and digital Modulation Techniques: Signal receivers and

error probability, optimum filters the matched filter, coherent and non
coherent receivers, binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase
shift Keying (QPSK) and M-ary PSK, frequency shift keying (FSK), imperfect
synchronization and error probability in PSK and FSK systems, quadrature
amplitude shift keying (QASK), other methods of digital modulation.

2 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM): Encoders, decoders and companders,

multiplexing and synchronizing, differential PCM, noise in PCM systems.

2. Wave and Propogation

1.
Electromagnetic field and Wave.
Introduction: Review of electromagnetism, Laplaces and Poissons
equations, boundary valve problems, sinusoidally varying field,
Maxwells equations in Phasor form.
Uniform Plane Waves: Uniform plane waves in free space, wave
polarization, the wave equation and solutions for material media, wave
impedances and intrinsic impedance, waves in dielectrics and
conductors, Poynting vector, power dissipation, energy storage,

refraction and refraction, standing waves, skin depth.

Transmission lines: Transmission line configurations, transmission line
equations, primary and secondary parameters, time domain analysis,
discontinuities and reflection, shorted and open line, reflection
coefficient, VSWR, arbitrary terminations, impedance matching, Smith
chart, matching methods, the dissipative transmission line.

Waveguides: Introduction to waveguides, TE and TM modes in a

parallel plate wave guide dispersion, phase and group velocities,
rectangular waveguides, cylindrical waveguides, cavity resonators,
dielectric waveguides, optical waveguides and systems.

2.

Antenna and Wave Propagation:

Antenna fundamentals: Review of Maxwells equations and the wave
equations. Solution of the wave equations in free space, wave velocity,
wave impendance, Poyntings vector and Polarization.
Antenna Terminology and Parameters: Radiation pattern, radiation lobes,
half power beamwidth, front to back radio, beam angle, beam efficiency,
directivity, directive gain, power gain antenna efficiency, frequency
bandwidth, antenna input impendance, self impedance, mutual impedance.
Various Types of Antennas: Short and long dipoles: radiation pattern,
radiation resistance and directivity; folded dipoles, monopolies, ground
plane considerations, travelling wave antenas: beverage antennas , Vee
antennas, rhombic antennas; broadband antenas: biconical antennas,
discone antennas, helical antennas; Frequency independent antennasspiral antennas, log periodic antennas; Array antennas: Yagi Udda
arrays, log periodic arrays; Reflector antennas, feed configuration for
parabolic antennas, lens antennas.
Wave Propagation: Free space propagation, Friis transmission formula,
ground wave propagation, pseudo Brewster angle, skywave
propagation, refraction, virtual height, critical frequency, maximum
usable frequency, sip distance, VHF and UHF propagation, diffraction
Fresnel zones, path loss due to smooth earth and knife edge obstacles,
microwave propagation.

3.

Signal and systems:

Introduction: Signal classification, use of signals, examples of signals,
continuous and discrete time signals and systems.
Fourier series and transform: Fourier series: representation of periodic
signals and properties; Fourier integral: representation of periodic and
periodic signals; Forward and reverse/inverse Fourier transform
properties.
Signal Transmission: Filtering: frequency selective and frequency shaping:
Modulation
Noise, Energy and power: white and colored noise, stochastic signals finite
energy and finite power signals, parseval's therrems, signal to noise ratio.

3.

POWER
Power Electronics:
Introduction : Recent advancement in power electronics and its application:
power semiconductor switching devices; power diodes, power transistors,
power MOSFET, IGBT, MCT and their characteristics; Freewheeling; diodes
with RC and RL, LC and RLC loads.
Thyristor: Principle of operation, construction, two transistor analogy, gate
characterstics, rating turn on/off mechanism, protection and cooling, firing
circuits, optoisolators and pulse transformer, trigger devices (UJT, PUT,
DIAC, UJT/PUT relaxation oscillator), series and parallel operation of
Thyristor, Triacs and GTOSO.
Static Switches: Single phase and three phase AC switches, three phase
reversing switches, AC switches for bus transfer, DC switches, solid state
relay and design of static switches. Thyristor Converters: Single and three
phase rectification, half and full controlled rectifiers, introduction to twelve
pulse converters, rectifiers with inductive load.,AC voltage controllers and

cycle converters, Harmonic analysis and their remedial methods.

Inverters: Principles and types, adjustment of AC frequency and voltage,
PWM-inverter;

Commutation; Inverter operation with inverse power flow.

INSTRUMENTION AND MEASUREMENT:
Introduction to process control: Definitions of terms used in measurement
and instrumentation; measurement, instrument, measured, meter,
metrology, Example of process control, automatic process control.
Advantages of electronics in measuring systems; Measurement and process
control systems; analog measuring system model: temperature control
process with analog method; Digital processing systems; digital supervisory
and analog process control systems, computer based direct digital control.
Fundamental and Derived Units in the SI Units: Standards, accuracy,
precision, resolution, sensitivity, significant figures, errors, limiting error,
stastical analysis: average/mean value, deviation from mean valve, average
deviation, standard deviation, variance, probability of error, histogram,
probable error.
Introduction to Electromechanical indicating Instruments: Operating
principle of permanent magnet moving coil (PMMC) galvanometer, dynamic
behavior of PMMC movement, taut bank suspension galvanometer; DC
meters: ammeters, voltmeter, ohmmeter, voltmeter loading effects, meter
protection techniques, electronic voltmeter.
AC Measurement: Sinusoidal signal parameters (average, RMS, peak and
peak to peak relations): parameter relations in half wave rectified sinusoidal
signals, triangular wave forms de signals with sinusoidal waves
superimposed and square waves. Measurement with PMMC movement
using single diode and bridge diode rectification; The form factor, Operating
principle of AC voltmeter, peak reading meter, current transformer, power
meters, power factor meter, watt hour meter and electrodynamometer,
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope based principles and application.
Introduction to signal Conditioning: Analog signal conditioning: Linearization
techniques, signal conversion, filtering, impedance and power matching;
operational amplifier in various configurations: ideal Op-amp analysis, Op
amp specifications, non inverting amplifier, inverting amplifier, summing
amplifier, differential amplifier, instrumentation amplifier, integrator,
differentiator, logarithmic amplifier, comparator.
Digital Signal conditioning Circuits: Interfacing with the analog world
(principle); Digital to analog conversion principle and circuits: standard DAC
with binary inputs, DAC resolution, step size, input weight etc.DAC formulae,
DAC with BCD input codes, bipolar CACs, DAC circuits, integrated circuit
DACs; Analog to digital conversion: Counter type ADC, successive
approximation type ADC, flash type ADC and design principle, resolution,
reference voltage and formulae, integrated ADC circuits, simple and hold
techniques and circuit principle. Time multiplexing techniques.
Actuators: Relays, solenoids and electronic switches; silicon controlled
rectifiers, triacs, diacs. Transducer and Sensors: Measuring principles using
bridges: resistance measurement with wheat stone bridge, inductance
measurement with Maxwell and Hay bridges, capacitance measurement
with scheming bridge, bridge unbalanced conditions and their use in
measurement, problems in bridges; Voltage measurement using
potentiometer, semiconductor sensors (thermistors) thermocouple; Optical
sensor, light to resistance.
Part IV Avionics- (10%)

1 Operation

of Aircraft Communication System:

Communication
2 Operation of short range navigation system

VHF

Communication,

HF

3 Automatic Direction Findings (ADF): Introduction, basic principles

4 VHF Omni directional Range (VOR): Introduction, basic principles
5 Instrumental Landing system (ILS): Introduction, basic principles

1 Distance measuring Equipment (DME): Introduction,

basic principles

2 Operation of flight instrument

3 Air Speed Instrument (ASI):
principles

Introduction,

basic

4 Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI): Introduction, basic

principles
5 Altimeter: Introduction, basic principles
6 Gyro: Introduction, basic principles
7 Turn and Slip Indicator (TSI) : Introduction, basic
principles
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