Dr.

Kaoru Ishikawa (1915 1989)

Father of Quality Circle
Born on July 13, 1915
In Tokyo, Japan
Died on April 16, 1989 (aged 73)
He was a Japanese professor, advisor and
motivator with respect to the innovative
developments within the field of quality
management.
Biography
1939- Graduated University of Tokyo with
an
engineering
degree
in
applied
chemistry
1939-1941 - Naval Technical Officer in
charge of 600 workers to construct a
factory
1947 - Started working as a Assistant
professor at the University of Tokyo
1960, obtained his Doctorate degree from
the University of Tokyo
1949 joined the Japanese Union of
Scientists and Engineers (JUSE), a quality
control research group
1952- Director of the Chemical Society of
Japan
1969- Member of ISO, Japan
1970- Commenced conducting quality
control training seminars.
1977 -Chairman of ISO, Japan
1981- Executive Member of ISO
Published What is Total Quality Control?
The Japanese Way, first edition.
Contributions to Management
Ishikawa Diagram/Fishbone Diagram
Quality Circle
6 Ms
Expanded Demings 4 steps
Company Wide Quality Movement
Continuous Training
7 Basic Quality Control Tools
11 Key Elements of Ishikawas
Philosophy

Ishikawa Diagram/Fishbone Diagram

Created in 1943
1. Used to identify and arrange the
causes of an event or problem or
outcome

Hierarchal relationship between the

causes according to their level of
importance or detail and a given
outcome

Quality Circle
Voluntary groups of employees who
work on similar tasks or share an
area of responsibility
Meet on a regular basis to discuss &
solve problems related to work
Employee participation in decisionmaking
and
problem-solving
improves the quality of work
Essential part in the development of
the
concept
of Total
Quality
Management (TQM).
Purpose
Support the improvement and
development of the company
Respect human relations in the
workplace
and
increase
job
satisfaction
Draw out employee potential
6Ms
Man
Method
Measurement
Materials
Machine
Mother Nature

Expanded Demings 4 steps

Ishikawa expanded Deming's four steps
into the following six:
Plan
-Determine goals and targets
-Determine methods of reaching goals
Do
-Engage in education and training
-Implement work
Check
-Check the effects of implementation
Act
-Take appropriate action
Company Wide Quality Movement

1955-1960 following the visits of

Deming and Juran
company-wide participation from top
management to the lower-ranking
employees
ensure quality of industrial products
called
for
continued
customer
service
A company-wide participation is required
from the top management to the front-line
staff. As every area of an organization can
affect quality, all areas should study
statistical techniques and implement as
required with internal and external Quality
Audit programmes.
Quality does not only mean the quality of
product, but also of after sales service,
quality of management, the company
itself and the human life.
Continuous Training/Improvement
TQM is mainly concerned with
continuous improvement in all work, from
high level strategic planning and decisionmaking, to detailed execution of work
elements.

Continuously improving results, in all

aspects of work, results from continuously
improving capabilities, people, processes,
and technology and machine capabilities.
Continuous improvement must deal not
only with improving results, but also with
improving capabilities in producing better
outcomes. The five major areas of focus
for capability improvement are demand
generation,
supply
generation,
technology,
operations
and
people
capability.
7 Basic Quality Control Tools
They are called basic because they
are suitable for people with little formal
training in statistics and because they can
be used to solve the vast majority
of quality-related issues.
The designation arose in postwar Japan
The seven tools are:

Cause-and-effect diagram
(also called Ishikawa or
fishbone chart): Identifies
many possible causes for an
effect or problem and sorts
ideas into useful categories.
Check sheet: A structured,
prepared form for collecting
and analyzing data; a generic
tool that can be adapted for
a wide variety of purposes.
Control charts: Graphs
used to study how a process
changes over time.
Histogram: The most
commonly used graph for
showing frequency
distributions, or how often

each different value in a set

of data occurs.
Pareto chart: Shows on a
bar graph which factors are
more significant.
Scatter diagram: Graphs
pairs of numerical data, one
variable on each axis, to look
for a relationship.
Stratification: A technique
that separates data gathered
from a variety of sources so
that patterns can be seen
(some lists replace
stratification with
flowchart or run chart)
11 Key Elements of Ishikawas Philosophy
1. Quality begins and ends with
education
2. The first step in quality is to know
the requirement of customers
3. The ideal state of QC occurs when
inspection is no longer necessary
4. Remove the root causes not the
symptoms
5. Quality Control is the responsibility
of all workers and all divisions
6. Do
not
confuse
means
with
objectives
7. Put quality first and set your sights
long term profits
8. Market is the entrance and exist of
quality
9. Top management must show anger
when facts are presented by
subordinates
10.
95% problem can solve with
problem solving tool

11.
Data
information
data

without
dispersion
(variability) are false

Awards
1972 American Society for Quality (ASQ)
Eugene L. Grant Award
ASQ named a national medal after him
(1993) as a distinguished pioneer in the
achievement of respect for humanity in
the quality disciplines
Harrington-Ishikawa Medal (Asian
Pacific Quality Organization)
1977 Blue Ribbon Medal by the Japanese
Government for achievements in industrial
standardization
1982 Walter A. Shewhart Medal
1988 Awarded the Order of the Sacred
Treasures, Second Class, by the Japanese
government.
Publications and books by Kaoru Ishikawa
1985. What is Total Quality Control?
1985. How to Operate QC Circle
Activities
1984. Quality Control Circles at Work
1980. QC Circle Koryo : General
Principles of the QC Circle.
1974, 1976 en 1982. Guide to Quality
Control.
1973. Product Liability
1954. Introduction to Quality Control
1954: Introduction to Quality Control

Group Members:
Callao, Alec Marion M.
Fuentes, Ciela Kadeshka A.
Mangabat, Allison Mae T.
San Pedro, Joanna Gee L.H.
Tolentino, Michelle S.
Viloria, Klarissa D.