Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
I.
INTRODUCTION
Performance Investigation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) Drive Supplied from Hybrid Sources 293
A. Fuel Cell
A fuel cell is an electro-chemical device which
converts chemical energy into electrical energy directly
[10]. A fuel cell consists of a pair of electrodes and an
electrolyte just like a battery. Unlike a battery, the species
consumed during the electro-chemical reaction are
continuously refilled; therefore there is no need to
recharge the fuel cell. Fuel cell (FCs) is capable to
produce electrical energy with high efficiency, no
emissions, and low operational noise with help of
hydrogen gas and air. By products are exhaust water,
gases, and waste heat. The supplied electrical energy can
be consumed in the operation of electrically powered
accessories and vehicles for propulsion. Proton Exchange
Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFCs) utilize a solid polymer
electrolyte membrane operate at low temperature, and are
considered in many suitable vehicle applications (such as
motorbikes, car, buses, tramways, or aircraft) [10], [12].
Although recent reporting portrays FCs as a newly
promising energy source, this technology was actually
978-1-5090-2118-5/16/$31.00 2016 IEEE
294 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronics and Sustainable Energy Systems (ICETEESES16)
B. Battery
A battery is an electro-chemical cell which can be
charged electrically to give a static potential for power or
released electric current when needed.
Basically, a battery consists of an anode, cathode, and
an electrolyte. Table I shows the characteristics and
advantages of different batteries which are commonly
used in Electric vehicle applications.
2.
Nickelcadmium
battery
3.
NickelMetal
Hydride
battery
Power capacity I
1.2 V-1200 to 1500
mAh, and extended
life 2300 mAh,
battery life 2.5 to 4
hours
4.
Lithium
Ion
battery
Classic Uses
Backup power
source in
Emergency
Appliances,
audio and
video
equipment,
most popular
batter
Cellular
Phones;
Portable
Computers;
same as for
Ni-Cd
batteries
Portable
computers;
cellular
phones; same
as for Ni-Cd
batteries
Benefits
Reasonably
Priced
widely
available;
Relatively
inexpensive
unused
capacity
remains
usable
Twice the
charge
capacity of
Ni-Cd; selfdischarge is
slow
1 0 0 1
id t
Performance Investigation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) Drive Supplied from Hybrid Sources 295
as '
q axis
d axis
cs
bs
v q = R q iq +
a axis
bs
'
cs
'
as
Z
V sB
I zB
sB
VSA
Z
sA
I zA
sC
Iz
VSC
iq
Vs
ix
id
d
D
(2)
q = L q iq
(4)
(8)
3
P ( d i d + ( L d L q ) i q i d )
2
(9)
+ r
Te =
dt
Te =
dm
dt
(11)
(T e + T L + B ) d t
J
(12)
Gives;
m =r
2
P
(13)
296 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronics and Sustainable Energy Systems (ICETEESES16)
Upper band
iu = i m , r ef ( t ) + i
(14)
(15)
Where
If,
im > iu , V
V dc
(16)
V
im < iu , V m o = d c 2
(17)
mo
V. PROPOSED SYSTEM
Figure 12 shows the block diagram of proposed
system supplied from Hybrid sources (fuel cell and
battery) used for electric vehicle system. The proposed
system consists of power converter, Hybrid source (Fuel
Cell and Battery), inverter, Permanent Magnet
Synchronous Motor, Power management system. In this
system fuel cell work as a primary source. Primary source
connected to drive through boost converter which
increases low voltage delivered by Primary source up to
the level required by PMSM drive system.
978-1-5090-2118-5/16/$31.00 2016 IEEE
Performance Investigation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) Drive Supplied from Hybrid Sources 297
Symbols
R
Ld
Lq
p
J
PM
m
P
C
Values
0.62
0.002075
0.002075
4
0.0003617
0.08627
471.23
2.826
9.444e-5
Unit
mH
mH
poles
[kg.m2]
Wb
Rad/sec
K Watts
[N. m. s]
a.
B. Simulation Parameters
The PMSM drive parameters used for simulation
work are shown in Table II
The PMSM drive performance analyzed on the basis
of Hybrid (Fuel cell and Battery) supply in MATLAB/
298 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronics and Sustainable Energy Systems (ICETEESES16)
Case 5: Drive Response when both speed (20001000rpm) and torque (-4 to 2Nm) changes
simultaneously.
Case 6: Drive response for constant Load torque at 2
Nm and speed changes (1000 to 1500 rpm).
Case 7: Drive Response during the Entire Period
Performance Investigation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) Drive Supplied from Hybrid Sources 299
300 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronics and Sustainable Energy Systems (ICETEESES16)
Performance Investigation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) Drive Supplied from Hybrid Sources 301
[4]
[5]
Fig. 41: Speed Settling Response of PMSM in Regenerative Mode
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
Fig. 43: Current Response of Battery in Regenerative Mode
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
302 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronics and Sustainable Energy Systems (ICETEESES16)
[16] J. M. Lee, B. H. Cho, A Dynamic Model of a PEM Fuel Cell
System, Applied Power Electronic Conference and Exposition,
24thAnnual IEEE, pp.720-724, 2009
[17] Woonki Na, Bei Gou and Bill Diong Nonlinear control of PEM
fuel cells by exact linearization, Industry Application Conference,
14th IAS Annual Meeting Conference, Record of the 2005 vol. 4,
pp. 2937-2943, 2-6 Oct. 2005
[18] A. Kirubakaran, Shailendra Jain, R. K. Nema, The PEM Fuel Cell
System with DC/DC Boost Converter: Design, Modeling and
Simulation, International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering,
vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 157-161, May 2009.
[19] Samson Gebre T, Tore M. Undeland, Preben J. S. Vie, Optimal
Load Sharing Strategy in a Hybrid Power System based on
PV/Fuel Cell/ Battery/Super capacitor, IEEE conference,
pp. 141-146, 2009
[20] P. Thounthong, P. Sethakul, S. Ral, and B. Davat, Modeling and
control of a fuel cell current control loop of a 4-phase interleaved
step up converter for dc distributed system, in Proc. 39th IEEEPESC, pp. 230-236, 15-19 June 2008.
[21] Sebastian, G. Slemon, M. Rahman, Modeling of permanent
magnet synchronous motors, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,
vol. 22, pp.1069-1071, 1986.