Appendix F Constants and Conversion Factors SF: Mathematical constants SF.2 Physical constants §F.3 Conversion factors §F.1 MATHEMATICAL CONSTANTS = 3.14159, 71828... In 10 = 2.30259... §F.2. PHYSICAL CONSTANTS* Gas law constant (R) 831451 J/g-mol:K 8.31451 X10" kg+m’/s?- kg-mol-K 831451 X10" gg em*/s*- g-mol+K 1.98721 cal/g-mol-K 82.0578 ‘cm’ atm/g-mol K 4.9686 10° Ib f8/s**Ib-mol “R 1.5443 x 10° ft+Iby/Ib-mol-R Standard acceleration 9.80665 m/s of gravity (@) 980.665 m/s? 32.1740 ft/s? Joule’s constant () 4.1840 Seal (mechanical equivalent of heat) 4.1840 x 107 exg/cal 778.16 ft Ib,/Btu Avogadro’s number (N) 6.02214 x 10 ‘molecules /g-mol Boltemann’s constant 1.38066 x10 J/K (c= R/N) 1.38066 x10" erg/K Faraday’s constant (F) 964853 C/grequivalent Planck's constant (1) 6.62608 X10 * es 6.62608 X10” ergs Stefan-Boltzmann 5.67051 X10 W/m? Kt constant (0) 1.3553 x 10? cal/s-cm'R! 1.7124 x 10° Btu/hr: f?'R" Electron charge (e) 160218 x10" C Speed of light in a 299792 x 108 m/s vacuum (¢) "E.R, Cohen and B. N. Taylor, Physics Taday (August 1996), pp. BG9-BGI3;R. A. Nelson, Physics Today (August 1996), pp. BGIS-BGI6. 867868 Appendix F Constants and Conversion Factors §F.3 CONVERSION FACTORS In the tables that follow, to convert any physical quantity from one set of units to an- other, multiply it by the appropriate table entry. For example, suppose that pis given as 10 by/in: and we wish to have p in poundals/ From Table F3-2 the result is here: (10)(4.6330 x 10° The entries in the shaded rows and columns are those that are needed for converting from and to SI units. In addition to the tables, we give a few of the commonly used conversion factors 4.6330 x 10* poundals/ft? Given a quantity in these units: Multiply by: To get quantity in these units: Pounds 453.59 Grams Kilograms 2.2046 Pounds Inches 2.5400 Centimeters Meters 39.370 Inches Gallons (US) 3.7853 Liters Gallons (US) 231.00 Cubic inches Gallons (US) 0.13368 Cubic feet Cubic feet 28316 Liters Kelvins 1.800000 Degrees Rankine Degrees Rankine 0555556 Kelvins Table F.3-1 Conversion Factors for Quantities Having Dimensions of F or ML/# Givena Multiply by quantity in table value : these units toconvertto | N=kg-m/s! — g-cm/s by ft/s? 1 these units (Newtons) (dynes) (poundals) Iby N=kg-m/s' (Newtons) 1 10° 7.2330 2.24881 « 10°! grem/s* (dynes) 107 1 7.2330 x 10° 2.24881 x 10°" Ig ft/s? (poundals) 1.3826 X10" 1.3826 x 10° 1 3.1081 10°? 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