Title: Isentropic Flow

Name: GONZALES, JOSHUA A.

Instructor: Engr. Patricio A. Acampado

Year/Sec: 4TH YEAR - A

ADIABATIC PROCESS:
An adiabatic process is one in which no heat is gained or lost by the system. The
first law of thermodynamics with Q=0 shows that all the change in internal energy
is in the form of work done. This puts a constraint on the heat engine process
leading to the adiabatic condition shown below. This condition can be used to
derive the expression for the work done during an adiabatic process.

The ratio of the specific heats = CP/CV is a factor in determining the speed of
sound in a gas and other adiabatic processes as well as this application to heat
engines. This ratio = 1.66 for an ideal monoatomic gas and = 1.4 for air, which
is predominantly a diatomic gas.
REVERSIBLE PROCESS:
The process in which the system and surroundings can be restored to the initial
state from the final state without producing any changes in the thermodynamics
properties of the universe is called a reversible process. In the figure below, let us
suppose that the system has undergone a change from state A to state B. If the
system can be restored from state B to state A, and there is no change in the
universe, then the process is said to be a reversible process. The reversible process
can be reversed completely and there is no trace left to show that the system had
undergone thermodynamic change.
For the system to undergo reversible change, it should occur infinitely slowly due to
infinitesimal gradient. During reversible process all the changes in state that occur
in the system are in thermodynamic equilibrium with each other.
Thus there are two important conditions for the reversible process to occur. Firstly,
the process should occur in infinitesimally small time and secondly all of the initial
and final state of the system should be in equilibrium with each other.
If during the reversible process the heat content of the system remains constant,
i.e. it is adiabatic process, then the process is also isentropic process, i.e. the
entropy of the system remains constant.
The phenomenon of undergoing reversible change is also called reversibility. In
actual practice the reversible process never occurs, thus it is an ideal or