CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
This chapter explains about the background of the study, statement of
problem, purpose of study, significance of study, scope of limitation, and
definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of the study
Communication is very important in human life, without any
communication the interaction between people will not happen. The contexts of
communication can be between individual, group, organization and also mass
media. Literature becomes a language to communicate between the writer and the
reader.
According to Newton in Singleton and Millet (1966:573) literature is the
expression of thought in language. Literature represent human thought such as
idea, feeling, views, reason and other operations of human being. Literature
teaches the readers about experience both truth and imagination. Literature can be
in the form of drama, novel, poetry and film.
Today, film seems to be one of the most popular media among society.
According to Brodwell and Thompson (2008:1) film is an art that made with some
unusual feature, more than most arts film needs more complex technology,
distribution and exhibition to the audiences. It needs machines, tools and
professional participants with money contribution in every step. They also added
that film transfer the information and ideas. It also shows places and life that the

audience might never know. It takes them into journeys and experiences that
engage on minds and emotions through the story and the character.
Commonly, a film composed of several elements. Every elements has
several function, example theme, conflict, characterization, point of view, etc.
each element helps the filmmaker to determine what kind of film to be produced
and/or what kind of character will appear. With these elements, filmmaker is able
to make an interesting film to watch. When people watch film, they will the
conflicts faced by each character of the story.
According to Boogs and Petrie (2008:57) conflict is the main element of
every story, whether in the printed page, on the stage, or on the screen. It is the
element that really captures the interest of audiences, heightens the intensity of
experience, quickens the pulse, and challenges the minds. It means without any
conflicts the story will be not interesting and then people will not watch this film.
A story usually has two kind of conflicts; external and internal or
psychological conflict. External conflict divided into two types; physical and
social. Physical conflict is conflict between human beings and nature or
environment. Social conflict is problem that happens between the central character
and another character such as two people tries to win the attention of the same
woman. Internal conflict or psychological conflict is the conflict between aspects
of personality, such as a man who is struggling against himself, his guilty, his
worry or simply trying to decide what he has to do.
In the present study, A Clockwork Orange film is selected as the object of
the study because it provides many lessons and also has interesting story. It tells

about a prisoner who is jailed because of criminal crimes such as violence,

robbery and rape. He followed a therapy program, Ludovico technique, which has
bad effect for his psychology. The film gives lesson about crime, fear, life
changing, etc. In addition, that film gives literary work that often happens in
humans life. In this film the writer analyzes the psychological conflict on
Alex Delarge as main character.
In the recent years, some studies related to psychological conflict have
been conducted especially by students of University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Taufikurrahman, for instance, conducted a literary study in 2009. He focused on
analizing the type of psychological conflict faced by Santiago Munez as the main
character. He claimed that sadness, fear, blame, and anxiety were the
psychological conflicts faced by the main character. In 2003, a research also was
carried out by Cilik Handayani. She found that the psychological conflicts faced
by the main character of Romeo and Juliet drama were fear, worries, and
confusion.
1.2 Statement of the problem
Based on the description above, the writer formulates the problems as
namely what is the psychological conflict faced by Alex Delarge in
Clockwork Orange movie and what are the effect of psychological
conflict faced by Alex Delarge in Clockwork Orange movie.

1.3

Purposes of the study

The study aimed at finding the psychological conflict faced

by Alex Delarge in A Clockwork Orange movie and describing the

effect of psychological conflict faced by Alex Delarge in
Clockwork Orange movie.
1.4

Significance of the study

Theoretically, the finding of this study can be used as

reference of film analysis and give the new experience about

various conflicts in film. It means the research will give the new
knowledge of film analysis and also as source of knowledge,
especially in psychological conflict.
Practically, by analyzing this film students are expected to
reach valid conclusion on the meaning and value of this film,
helps the student to capture the experience in mind and also
sharpens

the

critical

judgment

in

conflict,

especially

in

psychological conflict.
1.5

Scope of the limitation

There are many conflicts faced by the main character in A

Clock Work Orange. Because of that, the writer limits her

discussion on the psychological conflicts and finding the answer
of the psychological conflict faced by the main character and
causes of psychological conflict.
1.6 Definition of key terms

The writer presents several definitions of key terms which are related to
the study to make it more understandable:
1 Analysis is a method by which a thing is separated into parts, and those parts
are given rigorous, logical, detailed scrutiny, resulting in a consistent and
relatively complete account of the elements of the thing and the principles of
2

their organization (Holman and Harmon, 1986:20).

Conflict is the main element of every story, whether in the printed page, on the
stage, or on the screen. It is the elements that really capture the interest of
audiences, heightens the intensity of experience, quickens the pulse, and

challenges the minds. (Boogs and Petrie:2008:57)

Psychological conflict is a conflict between man and himself and consider in

making decision or to try some solution. (Boogs and Petrie:2008:59)

4 A Clockwork Orange is the title of film in this study.
5 Film is an art that made with some unusual feature, more than most arts film
depends on complex technology (Brodwell and Thompson:2008:1)