BD+C April2016

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International Magnet School for Global Citizenship in South Windsor, CT

Architect: Perkins Eastman; Contractor: Cutter Enterprises; Installer: The Imperial Company
Prole: SNAP-CLAD Metal Roong; Colors: Hartford Green & Dark Bronze
CASE STUDY
Metal standing seam roofs of nearby New England barns

are recreated on the International Magnet School for Global Citizenship
using SNAP-CLAD Metal Roong
Designed in a village
conguration, the new
65,000 sq. ft. magnet school
blends beautifully with the
Connecticut countryside.
The three-story, circular
media center is roofed with
Petersens 16 Snap-Clad
metal panels that were
segmented to create the
PAC-CLAD nishes on
steel and aluminum meet
the requirements of LEED,
Energystar and the CRRC
standard, and are backed
by a 20-year non-prorated
nish warranty.
radius. The pitched roofs on

the four adjoining structures
also use Snap-Clad panels.
More than 22,000 sq. ft. of
Snap-Clad .040 aluminum
panels nished in Hartford
Green and Dark Bronze
were installed colors that
complemented the brick and
concrete masonry faade.
See us at the AIA Expo - booth 2225
PAC-CLAD.COM | IL: 1 800 PAC CLAD
MD: 1 800 344 1400
TX: 1 800 441 8661
Circle 751
GA: 1 800 272 4482
MN: 1 877 571 2025
COURTESY PERKINS+WILL
22
APRIL
COVER STORY
VOLUME 57, NO. 04
Universities are sharpening

their competitive edge
From incubators to innovation centers, institutions of higher learning want iconic
gateways that appeal to students, faculty, entrepreneurs, and the community.
ABOVE
The 70,000-sf Watt Family Innovation
Center at Clemson University is central to
the universitys branding strategy to attract
students, faculty, donors, and business
partners. Designed by Perkins+Will, with
Turner Construction Company as GC, the
building is loaded with technology, including
a 30-foot-high interactive video wall on
which students can display their work. The
buildings $10 million audiovisual system
incorporates 197 touch screens that can be
activated by students swiping their ID cards.
FEATURES
32
41
44
4 WAYS TEAMS ARE KEEPING FANS

COMING TO SPORTS FACILITIES
How Building Teams are getting fans back
to the real action at stadiums and arenas.
62
TURNER AUTOMATES CONSTRUCTION

PROGRESS TRACKING
Firm pilots drone- and rover-based
construction monitoring tool in Calif.
AIA CONTINUING
EDUCATION
SMART LIGHTING: BEYOND LED

Welcome to the world of organic LEDs, LiFi
(lighting delity), and laser diodes.
www.BDCuniversity.com
12 WAYS TO SEAL YOUR BUILDING

USING AIR/VAPOR BARRIERS
A dozen products and systems to keep the
building envelope dry and free of mold.
55
WATER VAPOR MIGRATION 101

Earn 1.0 AIA CES HSW LUs by studying
this article on vapor retarders and successfully completing the online exam.
2014 JESSE H. NEAL

AWARD WINNER
2015 JESSE H. NEAL

AWARD WINNER
Best Single Issue

Best Instructional Content
Best Newsletter
Best Subject-Related Package
ON THE COVER
The 200,000-sf, $93 million Integrated Biosciences Center at Wayne State University
in Detroit is set up to foster collaboration
among STEM disciplines. The Building
Team included Harley Ellis Devereaux
(architect, SE), Quinn Evans (consulting
architect), and Barton Marlow (construction
manager). The building includes 127,000 sf
of renovated and repurposed space from
the former Dalgleish Cadillac dealership.
PHOTO: FEINKNOPF PHOTOGRAPHY/BRAD
FEINKNOPF
BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION
APRIL 2016
DEPARTMENTS
07
EDITORIAL
Researchs natural tech campus

achieves LEED Gold; Canadas largest
musical teaching institution opens
Deep Learning and AI: How machines

are becoming master problem solvers
08
68
NEWS
Women and minority architects feeling
under-represented, unfullled; big box
warehouse construction booming
18
66
Vikings Stadium will feature clean

edges with drywall nishing system;
curtain wall provides great views at
Nashvilles Gulch Crossing; Cleveland
brightens Progressive Field with LEDs
ON THE DRAWING BOARD

Dallas mixed-use district will convert
parking garage into restaurant-retail;
Hudson Valley Hospital is New Yorks
rst LEED for Healthcare v4 project
NEW PROJECTS PORTFOLIO

New York City opens four daylightabundant pre-K centers; Samsung
PRODUCTS AT WORK
72
ADVERTISER INDEX
74
PRODUCT SOLUTIONS
Faucet adapts to users with dual-beam
infrared sensor; durable, water-resistant
ooring keeps its shape; stainless-steel
fabric ashing blocks air, water
BD+Cnetwork.com
e-Contents
TOP FIVE WEB-EXCLUSIVE STORIES
ON BDCNETWORK.COM
LAs U.S. Bank Tower to build exterior
glass slide leading from 70th to 69th
oors. The glass slide, part of a $50 million
renovation project, will stretch 45 feet along
the exterior of the building. www.BDCnetwork.com/TowerSlide
8 of the most interesting trends from
Genslers Design Forecast. Virtual reality,
smart buildings and products, and fully
Asian Cobra Tower
connected online and ofine worlds are making their presence felt. www.BDCnetwork.com/DesignForecast16
Russian architect Vasily Klyukin unveils design for Asian Cobra Tower. The skyscraper, which can change colors and would house a nightclub in its mouth, is the latest
idea from an unconventional thinker. www.BDCnetwork.com/Cobra
Kohn Pedersen Fox wants to build a mile-high tower in Tokyo. The tower would be
the centerpiece of Next Tokyo, a mini city in Tokyo Bay adapted to climate change and rising tides. www.BDCnetwork.com/KPFmilehigh
Best laid plans: Masdar Citys dreams of being the rst net-zero city may have disappeared. The $22 billion experiment, to this point, has produced less than stellar results.
www.BDCnetwork.com/MasdarCity16
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Knowledge
you can
build on.
Information you can count on.

Even if youre a veteran lighting professional, you never stop learning.
The Lighting reSOURCE features information, education and inspiration
powered by over 100 years of expertise to energize your lighting career.
From LED toolkits and photo galleries to original feature content on
emerging lighting trends, The Lighting reSOURCE gives you 24/7 access
to the information you need to deliver world-class results. Enhance your
lighting knowledge at TheLightingResource.Eaton.com.
Visit us at Lightfair International 2016 booth 2916 to see
Eaton innovation in a stunning new light.
Follow us on social media to get the

latest product and support information.
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editorial
3030 W. Salt Creek Lane, Suite 201

Arlington Heights, IL 60005-5025
847.391.1000 Fax: 847.390.0408
STAFF
EDITORIAL DIRECTOR
DEEP LEARNING + AI: How machines

are becoming master problem solvers
David Barista
847.954.7929; dbarista@sgcmail.com
EXECUTIVE EDITOR
Robert Cassidy
847.391.1040; rcassidy@sgcmail.com
SENIOR EDITOR
John Caulfield
732.257.6319; jcaulfield@sgcmail.com
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Michael Chamernik; mchamernik@sgcmail.com
David Malone; dmalone@sgcmail.com
CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
Susan Bady, Peter Fabris, Mike Plotnick,

Adam Sullivan, C.C. Sullivan
Its been more than 20 years since IBMs Deep Blue

won its rst match against world chess champion
Garry Kasparov, marking the rst time an articial
intelligence machine defeated a reigning champion.
Deep Blue eventually lost the match 2-4, but evened
the score in a May 1997 rematch.
DESIGNER
Cathy LePenske
WEB DESIGNER
Agnes Smolen
EDITORIAL ADVISORS
David P. Callan, PE, CEM, LEED AP, HBDP

Senior Vice President, McGuire Engineers, Inc.
Patrick E. Duke
Senior Vice President, CBRE Healthcare
Carolyn Ferguson, FSMPS, CPSM

President, WinMore Marketing Advisors
Josh Flowers, AIA, LEED AP BD+C

General Counsel, Hnedak Bobo Group
Emily Grandstaff-Rice, AIA, LEED AP BD+C

Senior Associate, Arrowstreet Inc.
Arlen Solochek, FAIA

Associate Vice Chancellor, Maricopa County CCD
Philip Tobey, FAIA, FACHA

Senior Vice President, SmithGroupJJR
Peter Weingarten, AIA, LEED AP

Director of the Architectural Practice, Gensler
GROUP DIRECTOR - PRINCIPAL
Tony Mancini
610.688.5553; tmancini@sgcmail.com
EVENTS MANAGER
Judy Brociek
847.954.7943; jbrociek@sgcmail.com
DIRECTOR OF AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT
Doug Riemer
For list rental information, contact Geffrey Gardner at
845.201.5331; geffrey.gardner@reachmarketing.com
CREATIVE SERVICES ASSISTANT MANAGER
Holly Dryden
MARKETING DIRECTOR
Michael Porcaro
SUBSCRIPTION INQUIRIES
Circulation Department
Building Design+Construction
CORPORATE
Chairman Emeritus (1922-2003)
H.S. Gillette
Chairperson
K.A. Gillette
President/CEO
E.S. Gillette
Senior Vice Presidents
Ann ONeill, Rick Schwer

Senior Vice President/CFO
David Shreiner
Vice President of Custom Media & Creative Services
Diane Vojcanin
For advertising contacts, see page 72.
ourteen years later, AI made its television

debut in grand style, when IBMs Watson
took down a pair of former Jeopardy!
winners in a televised match. In milliseconds,
the machine culled the most probable answer to
each question from more than 200 million pages
of content, including the complete Wikipedia
catalog. (Watson was not connected to the Internet during the match.)
Now, Googles AI system, AlphaGo, is making cognitive computing history. Last month,
the system outdueled Go Grandmaster Lee
Sedol in a ve-game match (4-1). Go is an East
Asian chess on steroids strategy game that
uses a larger board and many more pieces
than chess, creating a scenario with more
possible board positions (10170 positions) than
atoms in the known universe (1080), according
to Google.
The buzz surrounding AlphaGos decisive victory has less to do with the win, and more with
how the machine outsmarted Sedol. Given the
staggering complexity of the game, with a nearinnite number of possible moves, the machine
could not rely on memorizing every possible
move to decide its next play. Instead, it had to
take a more human approach to the game, using hours of observation and practiceAlphaGo
analyzed millions of professional games and
played itself millions of timesto gain a sense of
what feels like the best move, wrote tech blogger Scott Santens (http://bit.ly/1Rkx9OW). More
to the point, the machine had to think.
In its debrief following the match (http://bit.
ly/25mcund), Google engineers pointed out two
game-changing aspects of AlphaGos performance. First, the machine demonstrated the

ability to look globally across a boardand
nd solutions that humans either have been
trained not to play or would not consider. It
made moves that, according to Google, had
a one in 10,000 chance of being played by a
human. The way they see it, AlphaGo-like technology, when applied in almost any industry, has
the potential to nd solutions that humans dont
necessarily see.
Second is the human achievement behind
the machines performance. Lee Sedol and the
AlphaGo team both pushed each other toward
new ideas, opportunities, and solutionsand
in the long run thats something we all stand to
benet from, Google wrote.
Besides revolutionary changes to the
worlds workforce (as we wrote about in the
February issue, http://bit.ly/1Qq1OvD), AI could
have a profound impact on the built environment
and the AEC industry. For example, the Urban
Land Institute last year addressed the potential
impact of autonomous vehicles on cities (parking garages, street congurations, etc.). And
we know of multiple AEC rms that are doubling down on computational design, predictive
analytics, and other advanced technologies to
vastly improve building designs and streamline
the design and construction processes.
Only time will tell whats in store for us. Or
perhaps we should ask Watson.
David Barista, Editorial Director
dbarista@sgcmail.com
APRIL 2016
news
BY JOHN CAULFIELD, SENIOR EDITOR

DAVID MALONE, ASSOCIATE EDITOR
WOMEN AND MINORITY ARCHITECTS FEELING

UNDERREPRESENTED, UNFULFILLED: AIA SURVEY
ob satisfaction among architects

remains a half-full/half-empty story. In
its latest survey on industry diversity,
the American Institute of Architects found
that about half of the 7,522 architects
who responded reported high satisfaction
with their jobs overall. At least three-fths
believe their rms treat all of their employees equally, and well more than half are
satised with their job security.
But peel away the onionskin and the survey reveals some not-so-positive news: less
than half of respondents are satised with
their work-life balance, with the recognition
they receive, or with the meaningfulness of
their projects. Satisfaction was rated lowest
on salary and fairness, followed by the transparency of their employers promotion and
compensation practices, the report states.
Unfortunately, this is not exactly earthshak-
PERCEIVED FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO AN UNDER-REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN ARCHITECTURE
Concerned about
work-life balance
Lack of exibility to work

remotely, job share, or
ex hours
Long hours make it

difcult to start a family
Seventy-one percent of women said they would leave their job because long work hours are antithetical to starting a family, according to AIAs newly released survey on industry diversity. There
was a consensus among respondents that companies could attract and retain more women if they
allowed for a better work-life balance, including ex hours, job sharing, and working remotely.
ing news. Nor are the ndings of considerable differences in satisfaction levels when
the surveys responses are broken down by
gender and race. Those differences betray

an architectural industry that, at least according to the respondents, still isnt doing
RSMEANS COSTS COMPARISONS: College labs, classrooms, dormitories, and student unions
16
Atlanta
Baltimore
Boston
Chicago
Cleveland
Dallas
Denver
Detroit
Houston
Kansas City, Mo.
Los Angeles
Miami
Minneapolis
New Orleans
New York City
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Pittsburgh
Portland, Ore.
St. Louis
San Diego
San Francisco
Seattle
Washington, D.C.
Winston-Salem, N.C.
LABORATORY
15
% chg.
153.16
160.51
202.00
202.85
168.87
147.36
158.29
176.21
149.92
176.56
187.31
148.38
188.17
149.06
224.02
197.22
150.43
175.70
173.31
175.70
180.82
212.58
176.73
166.65
148.72
175.65
186.35
237.03
235.21
200.49
171.82
183.73
208.76
173.84
206.95
215.23
175.45
218.66
175.05
264.09
231.18
178.28
206.34
201.29
206.95
209.98
246.52
206.75
194.43
167.98
-12.8
-13.9
-14.8
-13.8
-15.8
-14.2
-13.8
-15.6
-13.8
-14.7
-13.0
-15.4
-13.9
-14.8
-15.2
-14.7
-15.6
-14.8
-13.9
-15.1
-13.9
-13.8
-14.5
-14.3
-11.5
16
151.68
158.95
200.05
200.89
167.24
145.93
156.76
174.51
148.47
174.85
185.50
146.95
186.35
147.62
221.86
195.31
148.98
174.00
171.64
174.00
179.08
210.53
175.02
165.04
147.29
COSTS IN DOLLARS PER SQUARE FOOT
APRIL 2016
CLASSROOM
15
% chg.
167.65
177.86
226.23
224.50
191.35
163.99
175.36
199.25
165.91
197.52
205.42
167.46
208.69
167.07
252.05
220.64
170.15
196.94
192.12
197.52
200.41
235.29
197.32
185.57
160.33
-9.5
-10.6
-11.6
-10.5
-12.6
-11.0
-10.6
-12.4
-10.5
-11.5
-9.7
-12.2
-10.7
-11.6
-12.0
-11.5
-12.4
-11.6
-10.7
-11.9
-10.6
-10.5
-11.3
-11.1
-8.1
16
DORMITORY
15
% chg.
162.09
169.86
213.77
214.67
178.71
155.94
167.51
186.48
158.65
186.84
198.23
157.03
199.13
157.75
237.08
208.71
159.20
185.94
183.41
185.94
191.36
224.97
187.02
176.36
157.39
179.44
190.37
242.14
240.28
204.81
175.52
187.69
213.26
177.58
211.41
219.86
179.23
223.37
178.82
269.78
236.16
182.12
210.79
205.63
211.41
214.50
251.83
211.20
198.62
171.60
-9.7
-10.8
-11.7
-10.7
-12.7
-11.2
-10.8
-12.6
-10.7
-11.6
-9.8
-12.4
-10.9
-11.8
-12.1
-11.6
-12.6
-11.8
-10.8
-12.0
-10.8
-10.7
-11.4
-11.2
-8.3
STUDENT UNION
16
15
% chg.
154.28
161.68
203.48
204.34
170.11
148.44
159.44
177.50
151.02
177.85
188.68
149.47
189.54
150.16
225.66
198.66
151.53
176.99
174.58
176.99
182.15
214.14
178.02
167.87
149.81
147.38
156.36
198.88
197.35
168.21
144.16
154.15
175.16
145.85
173.64
180.58
147.21
183.46
146.87
221.58
193.96
149.58
173.13
168.89
173.64
176.18
206.84
173.47
163.13
140.94
4.7
3.4
2.3
3.5
1.1
3.0
3.4
1.3
3.5
2.4
4.5
1.5
3.3
2.2
1.8
2.4
1.3
2.2
3.4
1.9
3.4
3.5
2.6
2.9
6.3
FOR MORE DATA, VISIT RSMEANS AT WWW.RSMEANS.COM, OR CALL (800) 448-8182.
www.BDCnetwork.com
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news
nearly enough to attract and retain women or
minorities.
First, some stats: The surveys respondents included 4,223 men and 3,117 women.
People of color comprised 1,518 of respondents; whites, 5,763. The survey oversampled
women and minorities to increase participation

and ensure the report reected their views. The
mean age of the respondents was 39.7.
The majority of women and people of color
agreed that they are either somewhat or
very underrepresented in the industry. Per-
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haps more salient is the nding that half of

all women think their gender is less likely
to be promoted to more senior positions.
And white women are more aggrieved
than women or men of color, less than a
third of whom see a racial divide when it
comes to promotions.
The survey explored why more women
and minorities arent advancing. Concerns about work-life balance are a factor.
Seventy-one percent of women said they
would leave their jobs because long work
hours are antithetical to starting a family.
And theres a consensus that companies
could attract and retain more women if
they allowed for a better work-life balance,
which might include exible hours, working remotely, and job sharing.
Among the ways that companies could
hire and retain their women and minority
architects include offering mentoring and
personal development programs, reaching
out to schools and communities, and
providing industry-funded scholarships.
Across the board, respondents also think
companies must provide clear, written
criteria for job promotions.
The survey also found that 43% of
men of color, 38% of women of color,
and 37% of white women didnt think
their salaries were commensurate with
their hours worked. More specically,
only 29% of women of color, 31% of
white women, and 38% of white men
and men of color said they are satised
with their salaries.
The survey revisits the impact of salary
on diversity and job satisfaction. According to Payscale.com, the average salary
for someone who has earned a Master
of Architecture degree starts at around
$35,000 for an intern architect, and rises
to about $99,000 for a project managerarchitecture.
Perhaps the most alarming nding in
the AIA survey is that only 43% of women
of color and 46% of white women feel
passionate about what they do, compared to 55% of men of color, and 52% of
white men.
More at: www.BDCnetwork.com/AIA
survey16
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10
APRIL 2016
www.BDCnetwork.com
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LVARO IBEZ, WIKIMEDIA COMMONS
news
Retailers like Amazon are racing to build mega distribution centers close to urban markets to keep up with the
demand for same-day and next-day delivery. Big box warehouse construction is expected to grow by 21% this year.
BIG BOX WAREHOUSE CONSTRUCTION

BOOMING AMID RISE IN E-COMMERCE
Circle 758
As online shopping becomes more popular,

retailers are rushing to build big box warehouses
to store and ship items in an effort to keep up
with demand.
In 2015, 61 million sf of big box warehouses
(dened as 300,000 sf or larger, with 28-foot
ceilings or higher) was constructed in North
America. That marks an increase of almost six
times in a four-year span, according to Colliers
International Group. The commercial real estate
rm is forecasting 74 million sf of big box
warehouse construction this year.
The national vacancy rate for these facilities
is just 7%, and the average rent/sf rose 28% to
$4.54 between 2011 and 2015, according to
the Wall Street Journal.
These large warehouses arent necessarily
out in the middle of nowhere, either. As oneand two-day deliveries become the standard
for much of the country, building close to large
population centers, ports, and rail lines is
becoming imperative. There is 16.2 million sf
of big box warehouse construction occurring
in the Los Angeles area alone, and Eastern

Pennsylvania and New Jersey arent far behind,
with some 13 million sf under construction.
Additionally, there is a trend toward building
slightly smaller warehousesin the 200,000sf rangein high-population urban zones to
increase the speed at which online customers
can receive their purchases. Amazon customers
in select locations are able to get deliveries
within a few hours.
Some retailers are using big box warehouses
and their smaller-sized counterparts in tandem,
as a two-pronged approach, says Dwight
Hotchkiss, National Director of U.S. Industrial
Services for Colliers. The smaller warehouses
are able to satisfy one-hour delivery to urban
markets while the big boxes handle one-day
and same-day e-commerce.
Other hot markets: Atlanta (10.7 million sf of
new big box construction under way), Dallas
(9.8), Chicago (9.2), Houston (6.2), Toronto (5.7),
and Northern/Central New Jersey (3.8).
More at: www.BDCnetwork.com/bigbox16
www.BDCnetwork.com
news
LIVING FUTURE
INSTITUTE
LAUNCHES
BIOPHILIC DESIGN
INITIATIVE
The International Living Future Institute has
launched the Biophilic Design Initiative to
help the design community take biophilic
design from theory to reality. The group
says that while progress has been made
to communicate the importance of
biophilic design, the industry offers very
little guidance on how to achieve it.
ILFI has brought together leading
experts in the eld to form an advisory
task force to create resources, including:
science research databank; links between
design practitioners and scientists for
solving design challenges and conducting
in-eld research; connections for project
teams with biophilic design practitioners
and resources; and networking
opportunities.
The task force also will develop a
biophilic design implementation and
documentation process for the Living
Building Challenge.
with the level of locally focused engagement that

humanitarian design ultimately demands, Garrett Jacobs, the new Executive Director of the
organization, said in a statement.
The 30-chapter organization is based on
ground-up governance and is looking to deliver
design advocacy, facilitation, assessment, and

small build services to local grassroots chapters
marginalized communities, according to the
groups website. Additionally, the OAC wants
to help younger design professionals gain eld
experience.
We create
chemistry
that lets
rainstorms
love rooftops.
ARCHITECTURE
FOR HUMANITY
RELAUNCHES
AS OPEN
ARCHITECTURE
COLLABORATIVE
The design nonprot group Architecture
for Humanity surprised everyone when it
abruptly declared bankruptcy and closed
shop in January 2015. Since that time, local chapters around the world have banded
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APRIL 2016
13
news
mass transit, ofces, apartments, museums,
and services like childcare. Already, some
malls have become micro cities that are
changing the face of American retail,
according to CallisonRTKLs Mall of the
Future report, a compendium of ideas and
design trends that the rm believes could
drive where shopping malls and retail will be
heading over the next two decades.
The rms portfolio includes some of the
worlds largest and most complex retail
malls, so its not surprising that CallisonRTKL foresees shopping centers as focal
While the rebranded organization is in its

infancy, it has many big ideas for the future.
Cities are rapidly transforming, and this
organization provides local designers and
experts to work with the communities that
feel those pains the most, Jacobs said
in a video posted to the groups YouTube
channel.
The organization will complete its board
of directors shortly as the nal few seats will
be voted on and lled.
More at: www.BDCnetwork.com/OAC
THE MALL OF THE

FUTURE WILL BE A
MICRO-CITY:
CALLISONRTKL
REPORT
points of urbanized living. The rm all but

predicts that malls that dont move in this
direction are in danger of becoming extinct
at a time when at least one-third of the
1,200 retail malls in the U.S. are oundering.
Retail centers, says CallisonRTKL, must
be exible in their spaces and assortments
to continually offer enough variety that can
drive customer trafc. Citing research from
Medallia, the rm points out that satised
customers spend, on average, 140% more
than people who are less satised with their
shopping experiences.
Consumers are less interested in spending hard-earned cash on accumulating more stuff, according to the CallisonRTKL report. They desire experiences, and buy things that serve a purpose and
make the world a better place. They want the ability to compare options at the touch of a button.
The shopping mall of tomorrow will be more

like a community center, with access to
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APRIL 2016
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news
Despite double-digit growth in online
shopping in recent years, CallisonRTKL
remains bullish on bricks-and-mortar shopping centers. One of the major competitive
responses to online shoppings encroachment has been food. For the rst time ever,
Americans in 2015 spent more money on
dining out than on buying groceries. So
malls are adding higher-end restaurants that
feature local cuisine. More retail centers
are giving customers the option of ordering
food online and picking it up at the mall.
Some retail centers even have programmed
space for farmers markets and community gardens. Rooftops of malls will be
employed for entertainment, dining, and
gardens.
Technology is transforming the mall
environment. It is unleashing areas used
for warehouse space for click and collect
products and same-day delivery of online
sales. More malls are installing interactive

maps and waynding signage. The Internet
of Things is helping retailers market directly
and instantaneously to wired shoppers via
their smartphones.
Food will anchor the retail experience,
in the form of restaurants, farms, pop-up
vendors, specialty stores, and food festivals.
Some of these could be programmed to
change daily. CallisonRTKL goes so far as
to suggest that some malls might allow diners the option of growing their own dinners
from onsite vegetable gardens and urban
beehives. At the very least, successful malls
will have pop-up infrastructures that are
anchored by preset retail common areas.
Design wise, malls will require twice
the common area of typical malls we see
today, the rm writes.
For more: www.BDCnetwork.com/
MalloftheFuture
NEWS BRIEFS ---------------------------PERKINS EASTMAN has joined the Rockefeller Foundations 100 RESILIENT CITIES
PROGRAM as a Platform Partner. The rm
will conduct resilience planning workshops
and provide design and consulting services around specic issues related to the
built environment. www.BDCnetwork.com/
PE100Resilient
The DESIGN TRUST FOR PUBLIC

SPACE and the NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING PRESERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT released
a set of guidelines for designing efcient,
exible ground-oor space for retail and
other community services in affordable
housing developments. www.BDCnetwork.com/RetailSpaces
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16
APRIL 2016
www.BDCnetwork.com
------------------------------------------------------------------------The COLLABORATIVE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE

SCHOOLS released the 2016 CHPS PreFAB Criteria and
Program. The program provides a streamlined process for
pre-approving prefabricated modular classroom models that
meet CHPSs Criteria rating system for healthy, high-performance schools. www.BDCnetwork.com/CHPSmodular
A study of six major metropolitan areas concludes that nonresidential construction costs, on average, will rise between 3% and
4% this year. The Construction Cost Index report, released quarterly by MORTENSON CONSTRUCTION, measures construction costs by pricing representative nonresidential construction
projects in Chicago, Milwaukee, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Phoenix,
Denver, and Seattle. www.BDCnetwork.com/MortensonCosts16
The value of construction starts will increase by 6.5% in 2016,
to $562 billion, according to the latest projections from CMD
GROUP and OXFORD ECONOMICS. And the nonresidential
building portion of that total is expected to rebound from its
decline in 2015 and show single-digit growth this year.
www.BDCnetwork.com/CMDoxford1
Floating vanities, tricked-out showers, and freestanding tubs
highlight the top bathroom design trends, according to a survey
of kitchen and bath design professionals by the NATIONAL
KITCHEN AND BATH ASSOCIATION. www.BDCnetwork.
com/2016bathroom
As part of a push to retire the term intern, the Intern Development Program (IDP) will be renamed the ARCHITECTURAL
EXPERIENCE PROGRAM (AXP), effective June 29, 2016.
www.BDCnetwork.com/AXP
Data centers generate a lot of heat, so engineers are tasked
with nding the methods to cool them. MICROSOFT has not
only found a way to do that, but also to make the data centers
faster and greener. The company is experimenting with submerging the data centers into the sea. www.BDCnetwork.com/
MicrosoftDataCenters
The U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY has released new energy-efciency standards for light bulbs. The proposed rule would
set an efciency level that is not particular to any technology, but
which today only LEDs meet. www.BDCnetwork.com/DOElight
PRO FORMA ARCHITECTURE, a 17-year-old Dallas-based
rm, has merged with PGAL, an AE rm based in Houston and
operating nine other ofces in the U.S. and one in Mexico City.
www.BDCnetwork.com/PGAL
Circle 763
ON THE
drawing board
BY MICHAEL CHAMERNIK, ASSOCIATE EDITOR
18
DALLAS MIXED-USE DISTRICT WILL CONVERT

PARKING GARAGE INTO RESTAURANT-RETAIL
Once an eyesore, an unnished parking garage in downtown
Dallas will become a sterling addition to the 75-acre Victory Park
entertainment district. The renovation of the garage will add
23,000 sf of restaurant and retail space. The building, which has
been unnished since 2008, will have street-level retail shops and
restaurants, a 2,600-sf covered patio, and a new garage faade.
The block will serve as a gateway to the newly renovated Victory
Park Lane, which has had recent road and sidewalk construction
to improve pedestrian ow. The project will be completed by
this summer. On the Building Team: Trademark Property Co.
(developer), CallisonRTKL (architect), and PRIM Construction
and Archer Western Construction (contractors).
APRIL 2016
HUDSON VALLEY HOSPITAL IS NEW YORKS

FIRST LEED FOR HEALTHCARE V4 PROJECT
The goal of the new Vassar Brothers Medical Center in
Poughkeepsie, N.Y., is to be the gold standard of healthcare in
the Hudson Valley. Architect CallisonRTKL designed the facility
based on the rms performance-driven design process, which
factors the social, economic, and environmental impact of the
design. The $466 million, 696,000-sf inpatient pavilion is the rst
LEED for Healthcare v4 registered project in New York. It will
feature 66 treatment rooms, 264 private medical and surgical
beds, a 30-bed critical care unit, inpatient imaging services, and a
rooftop helipad. The pavilion is curved to mimic the shape of the
Hudson River. Construction will begin in May and is scheduled for
completion in January 2019. On the Building Team: GRAEF (SE),
Chazen Cos. (CE), BR+A (MEP), and Dirtworks (landscape).
www.BDCnetwork.com
MINNEAPOLIS MEDICAL CAMPUS CENTRALIZES

SERVICES IN OUTPATIENT CENTER
The 377,000-sf Ambulatory Outpatient Specialty Center (AOSC)
at the Hennepin County Medical Center in Minneapolis, Minn.,
will pull together 40 primary and specialty clinics. Currently,
those departments are spread over nine buildings that are rapidly
approaching maximum occupancy. The AOSC will have six oors
of clinics and services, with space for primary care, specialty
care, physical and occupational therapy, cancer treatment, and
same-day surgery. A skyway and tunnel will connect the new
center with the rest of the HCMC campus, including two levels
of underground parking. The center broke ground last November
and is scheduled to open in 2018. BWBR is the projects
design architect.
SCHOOL WILL UTILIZE GRAPHICS, DAYLIGHT

TO CREATE UNIQUE LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES
A Building Team led by Architecture Research Ofce is working with
the Riverdale Country School, Bronx, N.Y., on a replacement facility
for the schools 18,000-sf Perkins Building. The new structure will
feature interactive skylights on the second oor that will use graphics
and sunlight to illustrate cardinal directions, colors of the spectrum,
and time of day. The buildings primary spacesa theater, cafeteria,
classrooms, ofces, and multipurpose spaceswill be arranged
along a central saw-tooth corridor that will form small breakout
spaces for groups. Its exterior will incorporate weathered zinc and
concrete panels to blend in with the surrounding historic brick
buildings. On the team: Buro Happold (MEP, FP, IT), AKRF (CE),
and Shawmut Design and Construction (CM).
APRIL 2016
19
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FLORIDA A&M EXPANDING PHARMACY SCHOOL

WITH FIVE-STORY LAB AND OFFICE BUILDING
Florida A&M University is broadening its College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences in Tallahassee with a multi-phase development program. Phase two of the
project calls for a $30.7 million, ve-story pharmacy school building that will add
81,000 sf and 36 laboratories to the existing building. The labs, which total 20,000 sf,
will focus on pharmaceutics, toxicology, pharmacology, tissue culture, and medicinal
chemistry. The university is also adding 39,000 sf of ofce space, 2,000 sf of computer
labs, and a 5,140-sf conference center. The project is expected to be completed by
June 2016. CRA Architects is leading the projects design. Skanska USA is the GC.
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STUDIO GANG DESIGNS SPACIOUS TRAINING FACILITY

FOR NEW YORK CITY FIREFIGHTERS
The New York Fire Department will train its new reghters and specialized rescue
workers at a facility that looks like a rehouse but doesnt quite feel like one. The new
FDNY facility, in Brownsville, Brooklyn, has red glazed terra cotta panels, a smooth
gray nish, and large doors for its trucks. But, at 20,000 sf, it is considerably more
spacious than the typical re station. Studio Gang designed the facility to have a large
interior void that spans from the ground to the roof, which gives the trainees more
room to practice maneuvers in a simulated environment. The space also allows for
daylight and fresh air to pass through the living quarters. The facility will also include a
kitchen, open-air porch, backyard space, exercise room, and ofces.
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Circle 765
@ALAN KARCHMER
The 9,000-sf, Gensler-designed

Fast Forward incubator at Johns
Hopkins University has been so
popular with entrepreneurs that
the university is more than quadrupling a second incubator on
its east campus to 30,000 sf.
WAYS UNIVERSITIES ARE

USING NEW BUILDINGS TO
sharpen their
competitive edge
From incubators to innovation centers, schools desire iconic gateways that appeal
to students, faculty, entrepreneurs, and the community.
22
APRIL 2016
www.BDCnetwork.com
higher education
BUILDING TRENDS ANALYSIS
ayne State University last October held a grand opening ceremony for its Integrated Biosciences Center (IBio),
a project that manifests many of the trends that are driving new construction and renovation work on Americas
university and college campuses.
The 200,000-sf building, designed by Harley Ellis Devereaux (HED),
reinforces Wayne States reputation as one of the countrys top research
universities. Located on a 2.7-acre city block near TechTown, Wayne
States business incubator, the $93 million iBio, is positioned as a exible lab factory within the School of Medicine. It serves the local community by concentrating on studying health disparities, such as obesity
and hypertension, prevalent among Detroit residents.
To compete for the best and brightest students, faculty, researchers,
and budding entrepreneurs, two- and four-year colleges and universities are investing in buildings to emphasize the quality of their academic
programs, especially those in STEM-related elds.
The main difference in designing and building research facilities these
days is the focus on keeping up with the rapid changes in science and
research, says Nathan Lingard, Director of Design Phase with Mortenson Constructions Chicago division.
Schools are putting science and technology at the forefront of
their campuses, and are using these buildings as recruitment tools,
observes Eric Jaffe, AIA, NCARB, CannonDesigns Science and
Technology Principal. And when schools choose new construction
over renovation, he explains, its often because their existing buildings
were designed for the science of yesterday, and cant be modied or
updated inexpensively.
Flexibility is an abiding design goal, as colleges and universities lean
toward student-focused learning, like whats going on at newer K-12
schools. Collaborative spaces are pivotal to the budgeting process of
these buildings, which need to be able to expand, contract, and change

as their schools priorities and curricula evolve, says Jessica Figenholtz,
AIA, LEED AP, Perkins+Wills Director of Higher Education Planning.
Design is adapting to pedagogical shifts that are reshaping traditional
teaching modes. Here are three examples of those shifts:
Q Christine Ortiz, MITs Dean for Graduate Education, is raising money
to launch a radical, nonprot university that, she says, will have no majors, no lectures, and no classrooms. Ortiz told The Chronicle of Higher
Education that this giant integrated lab would focus on project-based
learning. Formal education courses would be offered online.
Q The Gensler- and Architekton-designed College Avenue Commons
(CAVC) at Arizona State University provides what Gensler Co-Design
Principal Jay Silverberg calls didactic learning experiences, where
everything about the facilitysuch as its exposed building materials
teaches something about construction and sustainability.
Q Mortenson is working on projects for three colleges that include
tearing out lecture halls and converting them to large collaborative
spaces. On one of these, the College of Lake County in Grayslake,
Ill., Mortenson rst built four classroom mockups, decked out with the
latest technology, and conducted student focus groups from those
classes to guide its renovation. The students liked the collaboration and
interaction, but missed the textbooks, which are now cloud accessible,
says Sheryl Van Anne, Construction Executive with Mortenson.
The single-purpose building is now a thing of the past, says Silverberg. He calls the CAVC building an academic hybrid that brings
together the ASU School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Sun Devil Marketplace (a 37,000-sf bookstore), and University
Tours, the schools starting point for recruitment.
Heres a closer look at ve emerging trends that are transforming the
physical landscape of colleges and universities:
FEINKNOPF PHOTOGRAPHY/BRAD FEINKNOPF
FIVE EMERGING TRENDS

IN HIGHER EDUCATION
1. TECH SELLS: Universities lean on innovation centers, STEM facilities to market their institutions.
2. RISE OF THE MAKER: Schools look to foster entrepreneurship with high-tech incubators, maker studios.
3. SCHOOLS REACH BEYOND THE CAMPUS by
investing in facilities and amenities with an eye
toward the community.
The 200,000-sf, $93 million Integrated Biosciences Center (iBio) at Wayne State
University in Detroit is set up to foster collaboration among STEM disciplines. The
Building Team included Harley Ellis Devereaux (architect, SE), Quinn Evans (consulting
architect), and Barton Marlow (construction manager). The building includes 127,000 sf
of renovated and repurposed space from the former Dalgleish Cadillac dealership.
4. COMMUNITY COLLEGES ARE STEPPING UP to

serve as the front line of higher education.
5. UNIVERSITIES FUSE STEM FACILITIES to encourage cross-disciplinary research.
APRIL 2016
23
COURTESY KSS ARCHITECTS
DEREK MCCALLA
TECH SELLS: UNIVERSITIES LEAN ON INNOVATION CENTERS,

STEM FACILITIES TO MARKET THEIR INSTITUTIONS
The Cabell Learning Commons at Virginia Commonwealth University (top) taps into Richmonds artist and art-collector community. The facility, designed by Moseley Architects and Shepley Bulnch,
is an addition to VCUs library. Pennovation Works, a 58,000-sf incubator space that opens this
summer (above), has already generated a lot of publicity for the University of Pennsylvania. KSS
Architects is the executive architect; HWKN, the design architect; Ballinger, the structural and MEP
engineer; and Hunter Roberts Construction Group, the general contractor.
24
APRIL 2016
WHEN CLEMSON UNIVERSITY opened

its 70,000-sf, Perkins+Will-designed Watt
Family Innovation Center in January, the
building practically shouted technology. It
includes a $10 million audiovisual system,
devised by BrightTree Studios, whose 197
touch screens can be activated by students
swiping their ID cards.
At the center of the building is a 200-seat
auditorium with a 30-foot-high interactive video wall, where students enrolled in
Clemsons digital production arts program
can show their work. An academic research
center within the building allows faculty to
practice teaching styles that employ the
technology in each of the centers exible
academic spaces.
Clemson views the center as a showplace
that will demonstrate academic enterprise in
action. And theres little doubt this building
is part of Clemsons branding strategy to attract students, faculty, donors, and business
partners.
AEC sources say that new buildings are
proving to be effective marketing tools. The
University of Pennsylvania has received loads
of press about its Pennovation Works, a
58,000-sf addition and renovation that should
be completed this summer. Penn was looking for a strong branding component with
this project, says Pamela Lucas Rew, FAIA,
Partner with KSS Architects, which worked
with HWKN to design Pennovation. Among
the buildings features is a business incubator, which Rew says will support outside
innovators and entrepreneurs. One of Penns
goals is to keep good people in Philadelphia.
When Virginia Commonwealth University opened its Cabell Learning Commons
late last year, its intent was to integrate the
school into Richmond, Va.s robust artistic
community. The 80,000-sf addition to the
schools existing 150,000-sf library includes a
ground-oor workshop that serves as an active learning and maker space. The addition
provides more area for a sculpture program
that is one of the best in the country. The
facility loans out equipment, and enables
www.BDCnetwork.com
higher education
RISE OF THE MAKER: SCHOOLS LOOK TO FOSTER

ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH INCUBATORS AND MAKER STUDIOS
THE DMZ AT RYERSON UNIVERSITY
A 5,016-sf media mesh, with 45,000 LED nodes, takes up a

side of the 70,000-sf Watt Family Innovation Center at Clemson
University. Philips Lighting donated the mesh, the rst of its kind
that Philips has developed for the U.S. Perkins+Will designed the
innovation center. Turner Construction Co. was the GC.
PERKINS+WILL
interdisciplinary innovation among artists,

engineers, and social science students. A
250-seat presentation theater can be used
for TED-type talks, and is available for
community use.
This is a new, innovative vision for
libraries, media sharing, and content
creation, says George Nasis, AIA, VP and
Higher Education Leader with Moseley
Architects, one of the projects designers.
The DMZ at
Ryerson University in Toronto was
recently ranked as
the top university
incubator space in
North America, and
third in the world.
ASKED HOW MUCH of her rms higher

education work includes innovation or incubator spaces, KSS Architects Rew responded,
All of them, to one degree or another.
Incubators designed to spark strategic partnerships between academia and industry are
denitely at a tipping point, says Jill Goebel,
IIDA, LEED AP, Principal and Design Director
in Genslers Washington, D.C., ofce. More
universities are coming to us saying, We
know we need one, but how do we do it?
Students who gravitate to incubators are
usually less interested in obtaining a degree
than in launching their own businesses,

making products, or initiating social movements, according to David Broz, AIA, LEED
AP, Principal and Studio Director at Genslers
Chicago ofce, and Pamela Delphenich, FAIA,
Director and Education Practice Leader at the
rms Boston ofce.
Some of the higher-prole hubs include
Johns Hopkins Universitys 9,000-sf Fast
Forward incubator on its Homewood campus
in Baltimore, Md., which opened in 2013 and
houses 12 startups. Theres a waiting list,
says Goebel, which explains why the univer-
sity is expanding its second incubator space,

currently 7,000 sf, to 30,000 sf, and moving it
into a building next to the schools Science +
Technology Park in East Baltimore.
Another Gensler-designed incubator is the
11,000-sf Garage, which opened last June
on the second oor of a parking garage on
Northwestern Universitys Chicago campus.
This 24/7 facility offers space for workshops,
classes, prototyping, 3D printing, and meetings. As its name implies, the Garage is where
entrepreneurs can get their hands dirty, and
do things you wouldnt necessarily be able
APRIL 2016
25
@GARRETT ROWLAND
to do in your house, Todd Heiser, Principal

and Consumer Goods Practice Area Leader
in Genslers Chicago ofce, told the Chicago
Tribune.
In Toronto, Ryerson Universitys 152,840-sf
Student Learning Centre, which opened last
March, allocates two oors to the schools
six-year-old Digital Media Zone (DMZ), which
research rm UBI Global last year ranked as
the top university incubator in North America.
In less than a year, the DMZ has incubated
230 startups. DMZ is all about entrepreneurism, says Michael Cotton, LEED AP, Project
Manager and Senior Architect with Snhetta,
which designed the DMZ in collaboration with
executive architect Zeidler Partnership.
Last year, Northwestern University opened an 11,000-sf, Gensler-designed student incubator space
on the second oor of a parking garage in Chicago. Dubbed The Garage, the facility offers exible
spaces for workshops, classes, meetings, prototyping, 3D printing, and other creative pursuits.
BEYOND THE CAMPUS: UNIVERSITIES INVEST IN FACILITIES,

AMENITIES WITH AN EYE TOWARD THE COMMUNITY
MAYLONE PHOTOGRAPHY
COURTESY SNOHETTA
A GROWING NUMBER of schools are

building with an eye toward establishing
stronger ties with local businesses and surrounding neighborhoods. Libraries, student
centers, incubator hubs, dining halls, and
event spaces are now viewed as gateways
that extend the campus beyond its borders, to say nothing of the potential revenue
streams they might generate.
The 110,000-sf Warch Campus Center at
Lawrence University, Appleton, Wis., prob-
Ryerson Universitys Student Learning Centre

(above) is positioned as part of Torontos urban
fabric. The Student Success Center at James
Madison University (left) places some 1,000
volunteers into the community annually.
26
APRIL 2016
ably earns more money from weddings than

anything else, says Rew of KSS Architects.
Overlooking a riverfront setting, Warch also
acts as a village, with internal streets where
students move, eat, study, create, and relax.
Folks are using our facilities in ways we
hadnt anticipated, adds Gregory Powell,
President of Panola College, Carthage,
Texas. The schools Charles C. Matthews
Foundation Student Center, which opened
last October, includes a dining hall and gymnasium that are open to the public.
Coppin State University, Baltimore,
recently opened its 150,000-sf Science and
Technology Center, which engages students
and neighbors with a zone of teaching gardens, shallow site walls, and landscaping.
An adjacent green quadrangle is open to the
public year-round.
Snhettas Cotton notes that before Ryerson opened its Student Learning Centre,
which is located on Yonge Street, Torontos
main drag, the university never had much
of an urban presence. The library within is
publicly accessible, and branding each of
the buildings eight levels with names like
The Sun and The Beach has helped get
more people to view them as meeting and
gathering spots.
www.BDCnetwork.com
higher education
MATTHEW KIRSCHNER PHOTOGRAPHY
Baltimores Coppin State University last fall opened its $83 million Science and
Technology Center (above and right), designed by CannonDesign. This ve-level
STEM hub includes a nanotechnology center, vivarium, greenhouse, and green roof.
During the design phase, Snhetta sought

input from librarians and students. Each
constituency wants to say about the building,
This is my space. They want to feel a sense
of ownership, and a way to be creative, says
Elaine Molinar, AIA, NCARB, LEED AP, Partner
and Managing Director with Snhetta.
Student centers are a really hot product
type right now, says KSS Architects Rew.
Colleges and universities use these buildings
to provide student services, as well as present
themselves as important threads in their communitys fabric.
KURT GRIESBACH
A prime example is James Madison Universitys Student Success Center in Harrisonburg, Va., which opened early last year. This
250,000-sf building, designed by Moseley
Architects, is home to the schools Community Service-Learning department, which
coordinates with 80 service agencies in the
Shenandoah Valley. The department places
about 1,000 student volunteers per year into
the community, where they apply what theyve
learned in classes to local needs, such as
an elementary tutorial program for children
who speak English as a second language.
The Student Success Center offers 50 to 60

courses annually.
The Matador Emerging Technology &
Arts (META) Lab at Cal State Northridge, a
renovation of a 5,000-sf retail space, is where
students can get real-life experience by providing services, such as marketing communications and Web design, to local businesses.
Since META Lab opened last November,
student participation has doubled, says Brent
Miller, AIA, LEED AP, Principal and Higher
Education Design Studio Leader in HEDs Los
Angeles ofce.
COMMUNITY COLLEGES STEP UP: TWO-YEAR SCHOOLS

ARE NOW THE FRONT LINE OF HIGHER EDUCATION
The Corgan-designed Health and Natural

Sciences building at Panola College
reinforces that schools expanding
emphasis on technical career training.
THE 91,500-SF Margaret Burke Lee Science +

Allied Health Careers Building at Oakton Community
College, Des Plaines, Ill., opened early last year and
consolidates the schools science and healthcare
programs. HED, the projects design consultant, introduced the concept of oval lab stations: octagonal
life sciences labs that accommodate more interactive
and collaborative oval-shaped learning benches, says
Gene McDonald, AIA, Principal and Higher Education
Studio Leader in the rms Chicago ofce.
AEC sources assert that community colleges no
longer take a back seat to four-year schools when it
comes to the quality of their educational courses and
facilities, and their willingness to consider new ideas.
APRIL 2016
27
higher education
They have become the front line of

higher education by offering less expensive
opportunities, says David Zatopek, AIA, a
VP at Corgan. He says that many community colleges are very entrepreneurial,
and promote themselves as assets to local
businesses.
Moseleys Nasis says community colleges
approach new construction with the attitude
that if you build it, they will come. His rm
is in the initial stages of designing a technology center for Blue Ridge Community College, Weyers Cave, Va., that would include a
The Collaborative Life Sciences Building and

Skourtes Tower in Portland, Ore., was constructed as a partnership among three local
universities to combine their health sciences
programs within one facility. CO Architects and
SERA Architects designed the building.
28
development of career programs that take

only one or two semesters to complete, and
that lead to immediate employment.
FUSION STEM FACILITIES TAKE OFF: NEW BUILDINGS

ENCOURAGE CROSS-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
COURTESY CO ARCHITECTS
manufacturing lab to attract industry to the

area.
Panola College, says Powell, has seen
the hours of instruction for technical career
programs expand by nearly a third (31.6%)
during the past ve years, compared to
6.7% for academic programs. So its not
surprising that one of the facilities this
school plans to build in the next ve years is
a 54,000-sf VoTech center whose courses
include construction, petroleum technology,
welding, geographical information systems,
and hydraulics. Powell also foresees the
@2015 JAMES AND CONNOR STEINKAMP

STEINKAMP,
HARLEY ELLIS DEVEREAUX (ILLUSTRATIONS)
Community colleges are no longer higher educations also-rans when it comes to the
quality of their educational courses and facilities, and their willingness to consider new
ideas. Oakton Community Colleges Science + Allied Health Careers Building introduced oval lab stations that are more conducive to student and faculty collaboration.
APRIL 2016
NEW BUILDINGS let the world

know that a campus is striving
to become a bigger player in a
particular eld. When it debuted in
March 2015, the 113,000-sf Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
at Hofstra University, Hempstead,
N.Y., was the rst allopathic medical school to open in the state in
40 years. The HLW Internationaldesigned buildinga 63,000-sf
addition to a 50,000-sf renovation
of what had been the New York
Jets training facilityincludes 16
exible learning areas and a 108-seat medical
education theater and lecture hall.
Colleges are turning to new construction to unify their departments as well. The
168,990-sf Bergeron Centre for Engineering

Excellence, which opened last September in
Toronto, provides the rst permanent singular
space for York Universitys engineering program, says Paul Stevens, Owner and Principal
with ZAS Architects + Interiors, which designed the building.
The rst thing visitors see when they enter
George Washington Universitys campus from
Washington Circle in the nations capital is its
$75 million Milken Institute School of Public
Health, which opened in 2014. It brings together a department that had been dispersed
across 11 buildings, says Lucy Lowenthal,
Project Manager for the Ofce of the Dean.
Schools are also bringing different disciplines under one roof. The 650,000-sf Collaborative Life Sciences Building & Skourtes
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higher education
Tower, which opened in Portland, Ore.s

South Waterfront neighborhood in 2014, is
a $295 million partnership of Portland State
University, Oregon State University, and
Portland Health & Sciences University.
The clients goal was to create a singular building that would combine programs
across health sciences, says Scott Kelsey,
FAIA, Managing Principal with CO Architects, which collaborated with executive
architect SERA Architects on the project.
Payette Associates is working on the
170,000-sf Center for Integrated Life Sciences and Engineering at Boston University, which, when it opens in 2017, will focus
on neuroscience, synthetic biology, and
human imaging.
Our challenge is to gure out how to
bring together a number of different people
who are approaching science in a number
of different ways, says James Collins,
FAIA, LEED AP, Principal with Payette.
Some oors will be devoted to wet-bench

biology, others to behavioral biology. Expensive and bulky human imaging equipment will be housed on the rst oor and
serve the larger scientic community.
The 300,000-sf Jess and Mildred Fisher
College of Science and Mathematics at
Towson (Md.) University, currently in the
design stage, will be located on the citys
main street and replaces a nondescript
building two-thirds its size that is buried
in the middle of campus. The facility will
house ve core departments: biological sciences; chemistry; computer and informational sciences; mathematics; and physics,
astronomy, and geosciences.
Its bringing STEM together on campus, says CannonDesigns Jaffe. The
buildings ground oor, he adds, will function as a thoroughfare for students to get to
parking, administration, the student union,
and other academic spaces. +
@ROBERT BENSON PHOTOGRAPHY
The Milken Institute School of Public Health at George

Washington University brought under one roof a department that had been scattered among 11 buildings. A
oor-to-ceiling staircase was prominent in Payettes
design to encourage occupant wellness activities.
TECHNOLOGY DEFINES GROWTH at Ringling College of Arts & Design
hen Larry Thompson became President of Ringling College of Arts

& Design, Sarasota, Fla., 16 years ago, it had 850 students. Thompson recalls worrying, at the time, about the viability of the schools business model. Private schools that survive are those that move into the top
tier, he says.
So his administration drew up a strategic plan in 2004 that focused on
investing in technology, and defraying the cost by increasing its enrollment.
Within three years, the school had expanded to 11 majors, from seven, and
was on its way to growing its student body to 1,300, where it stands today.
To support that growth, Ringling has engaged in an aggressive building
campaign, with some projects providing revenue streams.
Its first new building, completed in 2006, was a 75,000-sf student center with
a rent-generating residence hall. An entire floor of the facility was allocated for
computer animation and game art, which has since emerged as a major program. The walls are decorated with posters of movies that alumni have worked
on. It became an important part of Ringlings branding, says Thompson.
In 2010, the college completed a 75,000-sf academic center primarily
for new majors, which included one of the countrys first business-art design
programs. One floor of the building is dedicated to motion design, others to
graphic design and drawing studios.
Apparently, the schools investment is paying off, as U.S. News & World
Report in 2014 cited Ringling as Americas most wired campus.
The college isnt finished expanding, either. It has four construction projects
30
APRIL 2016
under way:
An $18 million, 46,000-sf library, scheduled to open this fall, that is designed
by Shepley Bulfinch to adapt to new technologies as they emerge.
Q The Richard and Barbara Basch Visual Arts Center, designed by Sweet Sparkman Architects and scheduled to open by years end. It will house advanced
tools and facilities for woodworking, glass, ceramics, printmaking, photography, and digital fabrication, in addition to gallery space.
Q A 25,000-sf film soundstage and 5,000-sf post-production space, designed
by DSDG Architects. When it opens next year, the space will expand the
campuss Studio Lab program, which brings industry professionals to Sarasota to mentor students.
Q The Sarasota Museum of Art, designed by Apex Studio Suarez, with The
Lawson Group as architect of record. It is an adaptive reuse of a historic high
school that hadnt been used in 20 years. When it opens in early 2017, one
third of the 57,000-sf building will be used for museum exhibits, with the
rest of the space allocated to continuing educationagain, another revenue
stream. (For most of its projects, Ringling uses Willis Construction as its GC.)
The museum wasnt in Ringlings original strategic plans. But, as Thompson
explains, it presented an opportunity for us to tap into the Sarasota community, many of whose members collect art and engage the campus.
When Thompson presented the museum project to the schools board, I
told them to think of it as our football field, in terms of revenue potential.
They got it.
Q
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MORE THAN A
game
4 WAYS SPORTS TEAMS ARE
HNTB/JIM SIMMONS
ADAPTING TO CHANGING
FAN PREFERENCES
Levis Stadium in Santa

Clara, Calif., was designed
to provide both top-notch
mobile Internet coverage and
views of the surrounding hills
of Silicon Valley.
32
APRIL 2016
www.BDCnetwork.com
sports facilities
As the cost of tickets, parking, and concessions skyrockets, while home theater technology
becomes more affordable, fans wonder: Why even bother going to the game? Heres how
progressive sports owners and Building Teams are packing stadium seats.
rooklyn, N.Y.s Barclays Center

was designed to host a wide
range of events, from concerts
and boxing matches to the circus and Brooklyn Nets basketball games.
The arena, which opened in 2012, can accommodate hockey, but it doesnt do it very
well. The NHLs New York Islanders moved
from the decrepit Nassau Coliseum to
Barclays for the 2015-16 season. While the
players enjoy the spacious dressing rooms,
swank lounges, and sophisticated training
facilities, fans can sense that hockey is an afterthought. Around 400 seats in the building
have obstructed views, and more have what
are considered limited views. Fans that paid
good money cant see all the action. Thats a
big problemor is it?
In February, Nets and Barclays Center CEO
Brett Yormark spoke with Sports Illustrated
about the seats. Yormark defended the arena,
saying that the majority of the seats offered
great views, and that fans know of the obstructions before purchasing tickets.
Theres really nothing were going to do
from a capital improvement standpoint,
Yormark told SI. You can watch the game on
your mobile device. The game is on the scoreboard. There are many ways to view the game
if youre in one of those obstructed seats.
Fans, Yormark points out, dont necessarily need to see live action to enjoy a game.
They can follow along on their phone, aided
by the arenas WiFi signal. They can watch
the game on the massive video boards, and
keep tabs on the action while dining at the
arenas restaurants or shopping at its stores.
It takes more than unobstructed

views to draw fans to games. The
rise of mobile devices and increasingly affordable home theater technologyespecially HD and Ultra HD
televisionsmeans that, for many
fans, the best seat in the house is at
home. Factor in the escalating costs
for tickets, parking, and concessions,
and theres little wonder why attendance across the four major U.S.
sports has plateaued.
BD+C spoke with leading sports
facilities rms to learn how progressive
franchises are attempting to counteract this
trend. They offered four primary trends:
1|
SPORTS TEAMS ARE IN A

TECH ARMS RACE TO KEEP
UP WITH FANS VORACIOUS
DEMAND FOR DATA
Unlike the Barclays Center, Levis Stadium,
the San Francisco 49ers new stadium in
Santa Clara, Calif., doesnt have obstructed
views. The sports architecture team from
HNTB designed Levis so that two-thirds of
the stadiums seatssome 45,000 of the
68,500are in the lower bowl, allowing fans
to sit as close to the eld as possible.
Good seats alone arent enough in todays
sports climate. Fans are wired. They rely
on their phones and tablets throughout the
game to watch video clips, share photos on
social media, monitor other games, check
their fantasy league scores, and kill time in
between game action. To do all of this, they
need the strongest wireless signal possible.
STRATEGIES FOR
BRINGING BACK THE FANS
1. Satisfy fans voracious appetite for data and
connection.
2. Wow patrons with one-of-a-kind video content.
3. Place fans on top of the action, with a true
12th man experience.
4. Create an entertainment vibeboth on and
off game days.
Levis, which opened in 2014, has 70

miles of cable installed for WiFi, with 1,200
total access points and 1,200 Bluetooth
beacons. It is the worlds rst sports venue to
offer 40 gigabits/second data speed. It can
handle 80,000 fans using WiFi all at oncea
claim that was put to the test during Super
Bowl 50 in February. Fans who attended
used 10.1 terabytes of data on the stadiums
WiFi network, surpassing the Super Bowls
previous record of 6.2 TB, from last years
game in Glendale, Ariz.
The stadium even has its own app, which
offers fans a host of features and amenities: enhanced replays from multiple camera
angles, real-time stats, food orders and
delivery, even directions around the stadium.
Its all about creating fan experiences
within the stadium that people cannot get
at home, says Tim Cahill, FAIA, NCARB,
LEED AP, SVP and Chief Design Ofcer
with HNTB, who led the design team on the
Levis Stadium project, whether thats a different type of replay, a different type of food,
APRIL 2016
33
2| |
LAVISH SCOREBOARDS
ARE THE CORNERSTONE
OF A ONE-OF-A-KIND FAN
EXPERIENCE
The Sacramento Kings new Golden 1 Center,
set to open later this year, will feature the
34
APRIL 2016
COURTESY HOK
or a different type of engagement you cant

get by just watching at home.
The technology works both ways. The
Levis Stadium app enables the team to track
user behavior with real-time datafrom whos
ordering what and where, to how frequently
replays are being watched. The app is a
revenue source as well, generating some $2
million during the 2014-15 season through
food and merchandise orders and rotating
corporate sponsorships.
The Minnesota Vikings are installing WiFi
hotspots inside the handrails at its new U.S.
Bank Stadium. The MLBs Atlanta Braves
partnered with Comcast to provide highspeed Internetincluding two data centers,
each with 10,000 ber connections with dual
400-megawatt generatorsthroughout its
60-acre development that includes the new
SunTrust Park. And the NBAs Golden State
Warriors, which has a new arena planned for
2018, are testing Apple iBeacons at their current home, Oracle Arena.
The halo video board (top) at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta will bombard Falcons fans with a
wide range of information, from innovative replay angles to detailed stats. The eight-panel roof above
the 360-degree board will retract like a camera shutter, and will open and close in seven minutes.
leagues rst 4K Ultra HD video board. It has a

horizontal resolution of 4,000 pixels, four times
the number of pixels on a standard HD 1080p
display. The 6,100-sf, center-hung scoreboard
is comprised of four screens, the largest of
which will extend 84 feet, nearly the entire
length of the court.
Between the video boards, a robust wireless network, and experimental technologies
like motion capture and player tracking, the
Kings are thinking ahead.
It sounds amazing today, but in ve years
this building will be able to handle everything
that is going to be thrown at it that hasnt even
been thought of yet, says Jon Niemuth, AIA,
NCARB, LEED, AECOMs Director of Sports in

the Americas, the projects design architect.
Mercedes-Benz Stadium, the Atlanta
Falcons new home in 2017, has a retractable
roof unlike any other venue seen since the
Roman Pantheon, after which it was modeled.
Eight roof petals close like a camera shutter,
covering an open-air oculus in the ceiling.
Around that opening is prime real estate.
Design architect HOK created a 360-degree
HD LED video board that will be built into the
roof structure. At ve stories in height and
63,800 sf in area, the board will be the largest
in the NFL.
In addition to video, the board will display
www.BDCnetwork.com
sports facilities
COURTESY AECOM/SACRAMENTO KINGS
The six-story patio doors at

the Sacramento Kings Golden 1
Center will draw in fresh air and let
outdoor visitors listen to concerts.
graphics, stats, animations, and, of course,

ads and sponsor messages. The halo layout
allows fans to view the live action and replays
from multiple perspectives. Another idea: During punts, the board will display a xed view
of the eld. The background will be static, and
the game action will move across the board.
From a designers perspective, our job is to
force change or a new way of thinking about
digital content, says Bill Johnson, AIA, Design
Principal with HOK and the lead designer on
the Falcons project. No one has a 60-foot-tall
halo in their backyard. In order to experience
that, you have to go to the Falcons game.
This is just the tip of the iceberg of what were
being asked to do as designers.
3|
TEAMS ARE TAKING ON

TOP OF THE ACTION TO
A WHOLE NEW LEVEL.
Part of the charm of older sports facilities,
such as the Warriors Oracle Arena in Oakland, is their intimate yet raucous setting. Fans
are on top of the action, and can affect the
game with crowd noise. Its not uncommon for
noise levels to surpass 120 decibels (compa-
rable to that of a jet engine) at Oracle.

The design team for the Warriors new
18,000-seat multi-purpose Chase Center,
set to open in San Franciscos Mission Bay
neighborhood in 2019, is attempting to replicate the Oracles intimacy and acoustics. The
design team shrunk the volume of the lower
bowl, opted for only one ring of luxury suites,
and, since the venue will not accommodate
hockey, shortened the long axis of the arena
(hockey rinks, at 200 feet, are more than twice
the length of basketball courts), pulling the
basketball fans closer to the court, says David Manica, AIA, NCARB, LEED AP, President
of Manica Architecture, the lead architect on
the project.
Fans of all sports want to be as close to
the playing surface as possible, but it might
be most important in soccer. The sport is
catching on in the U.S.Major League Soccer has gone from 10 teams in 2004 to 20 in
2016, with four more clubs expected to begin
play in 2017 and 2018and soccer-specic
stadiums are in vogue.
Previously, many MLS clubs played in
NFL, CFL, or college football stadiums, which
werent ideal. MLS clubs drew 21,000 fans

per game in 2015; football stadiums can hold
upwards of 80,000 seats.
Soccer is a game that thrives on being in
an intimate sort of venue, a loud venue that
provides a really strong connection between
the players and the fans, says Jonathan
Emmett, Principal and Sports Practice Area
Leader with Gensler.
In designing a new stadium for the Los
Angeles Football Club, a 2018 MLS expansion
team, Emmetts team drew inspiration from
European-style soccer venues, which place
fans at grass level, eight to 10 feet from the
playing eld. The design team also studied
Liverpools Spion Kop, a steep single-tier section of seats behind one of the goals, at the
English teams home at Aneld.
The LAFC Stadium will have rst-row seats
at eld level, 12 feet off the pitch. A roof
canopy will shade fans and reverberate crowd
noise. And, much like the Kop, seats will be at
a very steep rake.
It creates much more of a visual wall, you
might say, says Emmett. When players are
looking up at the stands, at the fans, theyre
APRIL 2016
35
sports facilities
The soccer-specic LAFC Stadium in Los

Angeles will have seats that encroach the
edge of the eld and seating with steep
rakes to create visual walls of fans.
seeing faces, theyre seeing bodies. It helps

keep the sound in, keep the noise in, and create a much more intimate venue.
4|
Along with building the teched-out Golden 1

Center, the Sacramento Kings are revamping
the former shopping mall that sits to the north
of the new arena. Downtown Plaza, which
opened in 1971, will become Downtown
Commons, or DOCO.
The three-acre plaza will have public space
for fresh markets and outdoor activities, like
yoga and ice skating, in addition to a barbecue
restaurant, a chain eatery with a bowling alley,
an American-style pub, and a boutique hotel.
All together, DOCO will have 1.5 million sf of
mixed-use space, with 300,000 sf for retail. The
development is expected to generate $11.5
billion in economic activity for the Sacramento
region over the expected 35-year lifespan of
the arena, according to a third-party analysis
conducted in 2014. The arena will draw some
1.6 million new visitors downtown each year,
generating approximately $8.5 million in additional sales tax, according to the Kings.
36
APRIL 2016
COURTESY GENSLER/LAFC
TEAMS ARE
CREATING YEARROUND ENTERTAINMENT
DESTINATIONS TO
MAXIMIZE REVENUE
LAFC Stadium will bring 140,000 sf of improved open public space to its site at Exposition Park, which
also contains museums, science centers, and the Los Angeles Coliseum. The club estimates that its
home will generate $129 million in annual economic activity and $2.5 million in annual tax revenue.
The ultimate goal is to create a destination

that will entice fans to come early, shop and
eat, watch the Kings, and then stay late to
shop and eat some more.
Teams are moving toward the Disney model, says Niemuth. If youre staying at a hotel,
its a hotel thats owned by Disney, or its on
land thats rented from Disney. Youre eating in
restaurants that are Disney. This is how teams
are capturing as much of the immediately adjacent entertainment dollar as possible.
Niemuth says that the Golden 1 Center is
also attempting to be the worlds best amphitheater. A six-story glass hangar door on the
far end of the arena will open to the rest of the
development. During concerts, 19,000 fans
can pack the arena, and an additional 20,00030,000 people can listen outdoors.
The Warriors Chase Center will sit on an
11-acre site near the Bay that will feature
100,000 sf of retail space and 3.2 acres of
plazas and public space. Plans also call for a
5.5-acre waterfront park with lawn areas.
Manicas rm consulted with the Mission
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sports facilities
Bay community during the design process. He

says the neighbors were more excited about
the commercial aspects of the project than
the arena itself.
It becomes a place for the community to
share with their family, says Manica. People
like the idea of having lunch or breakfast there
on non-gamedays.
The Cubs Wrigley Field has long been a
xture in its Chicago neighborhood (so much
so that its called Wrigleyville), and the ballpark
lures visitors to its nearby bars, restaurants,
and shops. Part of the teams ongoing, multiyear redevelopment project, dubbed the 1060
Project (see sidebar), is to provide on-site retail
and dining options for fans. The goal: make
the ballpark a year-round destination.
What were doing here, says Julian
Green, the Cubs VP of Communications and
Community Affairs, whether its increasing
the points of sales for concessions, upgrading our suites, or providing more amenities for
the fans, means that were hoping that more
of our fans will be able to spend more money
right inside the ballpark. That money goes
right into the team. The more money the
Cubs earn, the more it can spend on player
salaries and other on-eld resources.
The 1060 Project includes the construction
of a two-story retail and entertainment area in
the right-eld corner of the ballpark, as well
as an ofce building with retail shops, and a
boutique Starwood hotel adjacent to Wrigley.
38
APRIL 2016
COURTESY POPULOUS
Factoring in frigid winters, the Milwaukee

Bucks arena master plan depicts a translucent
canopy structure over the outdoor plaza.
The Bucks 17,000-seat arena will be the hub of a 30-acre district that could eventually contain
space for living (housing), working (ofces), and playing (sports events and concerts).
An open-air plaza will hold an ice rink in the

winter and a farmers market in the summer.
The $575 million development is expected to
be completed by 2019.
The Milwaukee Bucks new 714,000-sf,
17,000-seat arena, currently being designed
by Populous and Eppstein Uhen Architects,
will be a centerpiece of a development that is
intended to serve as a community living room
for Milwaukee, with a mix of spaces for living,
working, and playing, says Brad Clark, Senior
Principal with Populous.
About half of the estimated $1 billion total
project cost is allocated for a new mixed-use
development, with a public plaza that will
feature restaurants, bars, and other entertainment-based uses. The entire 30-acre district
will be built over 10 years, and could eventually incorporate housing, ofces, and hotels.
Its not that the days of the standalone,

mixed-use arena or stadium project are over,
says Clark. Sometimes a curb-to-curb t on a
site in a citys downtown is all that is possible due to site constraints. But, people are
beginning to see the power of 365-day-a-year
ancillary development. The possibilities for
a city and for a team are tremendous and
will prove to be a key differentiator in putting
new venues on the map in terms of both
the overall experience and also the return on
investment. +
LEARN ABOUT THE CHICAGO CUBS

MEASURED APPROACH TO
PLANNING ITS VIDEO BOARDS
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Circle 769
IMV JOINT
FORMAWALL INSULATED METAL VERTICAL JOINT

THE NEXT CHAPTER IN INNOVATION
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To learn more call 1.800.250.8675
Circle 770
REIMAGINE METAL
building information modeling

VIRTUAL DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION
TURNER STREAMLINES CONSTRUCTION

PROGRESS TRACKING USING
COURTESY TURNER
predictive visual
data analytics
The construction giant teams

with a computer science
and engineering professor
to develop a clever
drone- and rover-based
construction monitoring tool.
BY DAVID BARISTA,
EDITORIAL DIRECTOR
n the race to develop tech tools to make

meaningful efciency gains in the complex,
often-messy commercial construction process, the R&D team at Turner Construction
Company has remained keenly focused on
one goal: simplicity.
New tools and processes must be easy to
execute, by almost anyone in the eld, and
take advantage of readily accessible data
photos, videoto solve real-world problems.
Leave the mind-bogglingly complicated data
analysis work to computer scientists like Mani
Golparvar-Fard.
Turners multi-year partnership with Golparvar-Fard, an Assistant Professor of Engineering and Computer Science at the University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and a former
Turner eld engineer, has led to the development of breakthrough analytics tools that use
structure from motion (SfM) algorithms to
make sense of a job site, in real time, using
high-denition photos and video.
Now, the technology is being piloted in the
eld, on the Sacramento Kings new 17,500seat Golden 1 Center project, currently under
construction in downtown Sacramento, Calif.
Over the past 10 years, weve built these
amazing 4D and 5D BIM models to help
us plan our large commercial construction
Using images captured with a drone, the team creates a point cloud that is overlaid atop a 4D as-built
model to compare real world to the intended design.
The comparison report uses colors to point out
problem areas (yellow indicates a missing element).
APRIL 2016
41
building information modeling
COURTESY TURNER
VIRTUAL DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION
The initial phase of the pilot project involves using aerial drones (right, bottom) to document the construction progress. Once the structure goes up,
the team will utilize a custom-built rover (right, top), as well as project engineers, to capture images and video. The goal is to do this every day, says
Lincoln Wood, Regional Manager, Virtual Design and Construction, with Turner. With the pilot, we have it down to a week, in time for the weekly work plan.
projects, says Lincoln Wood, Regional

Manager, Virtual Design and Construction,
based in Turners Oakland, Calif., ofce. But
we still face the challenge of knowing whats
happening out in the eld in real time.
Using proprietary predictive visual data
analytics software developed by GolparvarFard, the Building Team for the Golden 1
Center project is conducting near-real-time
construction progress monitoring using
high-resolution photos and video. The initial
phase involves reality capture with an aerial
drone. As the arena structure goes up, the
team will also rely on a camera-equipped
land rover (which will be programmed to
navigate the interior spaces) and project
engineers, who will use smartphones and
tablets to gather photos and video.
Once collected, the visual data is stitched
together using the SfM algorithm to form a
point cloud. The point cloud is then overlaid
atop the projects 4D BIM model to compare
and contrast what is happening in the eld
versus the intended result in the BIM model.
(The point cloud creation and BIM overlay
work occurs overnight.)
The resulting report is a color-coded 3D
42
APRIL 2016
visual production model that provides the

Building Team with a snapshot of the construction progress, and, most importantly,
the areas of the job site that are at risk of
falling behind schedule.
By streamlining construction progress
monitoring, and providing timely reporting,
Wood says the project team has a much
deeper level of transparency and improved
communication.
A really good superintendent can see
everything in their head; they dont need a
BIM modelits in their brain, says Wood.
Unfortunately, the whole project team does
not have that brain. This is a great way for
the entire team to see where we are and
show what we need to do in order to get
back on track and improve the schedule.
Based on the results of the job site scan
and analysis, custom reports are generated
for each member of the project management
team, including key subcontractors, for the
weekly planning meetings.
The goal is to do this every day, says
Wood. With the pilot, we have it down to a
week, in time for the weekly work plan. We
give this report to the team, showing the
problem areas and the top-10 risks to the

job site. It allows us to visualize and mitigate
potential risks to our schedule before they
happen.
Wood says that the enhanced construction progress data may eventually be used
for faster and more accurate subcontractor
payments, by removing a lot of the administrative work that happens by having to go
back and forth between the job site and the
ofce.
It also equips the Building Team and owner
with smarter and more-comprehensive visual documentation of the construction work,
by automatically organizing and cataloging
thousands of photos and video clips.
With most jobs, the project engineers are
asked to take a bunch of photographs when
theyre out in the eld, if they have time after
their RFIs and submittals are completed for
the day, says Wood. Those images then
must be uploaded to the project server,
where they are stored with a random code
and remain largely unorganized.
Because our images are stitched together
to create a point cloud, we have a better
sense of a record of time, says Wood. +
www.BDCnetwork.com
Circle 771
DONALD COCHRAN PHOTOGRAPHY
beyond
LED
LIGHTING EXPERTS EXPLORE APPLICATIONS

FOR OLED, LIFI, AND LASER DIODES
44
APRIL 2016
www.BDCnetwork.com
building technology
LIGHTING SYSTEMS
Decorative OLED xtures brighten the lobby of the Irondequoit

(N.Y.) Public Library. Passero
Associates was project manager
and architect of record; Concord
Electric, the lighting contractor.
ast August, the town of Irondequoit,

N.Y., near Rochester, opened its $13
million, 37,800-sf public library. The
entry lobby is illuminated by organic
light-emitting diode (OLED) xtures, one of the
few examples to date of this lighting technology being used in nonresidential building.
OLEDs are among a handful of solid-state
lighting alternatives that AEC rms are evaluating as complements to light-emitting diode
(LED) products that have practically become
standard for many of their projects.
Forbes recently projected that LEDs would
capture 70% of the global lighting market by
2020, up from 31% in 2015. LEDInside.com
estimates the value of LEDs market share last
year at $25.7 billion.
Arups ofce in Boston has made the
complete transition to LEDs, and is currently
working on two large lab projects in which
were leveraging this technology to push the
energy message, says Jake Wayne, the rms
Senior Lighting Designer.
LEDs proved that this industry could
change, says Sara Schonour, LC, Associate
IALD, Associate VP and Lighting Designer
with CannonDesign, and a BD+C 40 Under
40 honoree (Class of 2013). And the lighting
industry is now asking, Whats next?
Lighting experts pose this question because, while LEDs are becoming increasingly
prevalent in design and construction, the
technology has its shortcomings.
On the plus side, LEDs allow ne-tuning of
color to an incredible degree, says Stephen
Blackman, a 30-year lighting industry veteran
and President and Chief Design Ofcer for
Blackjack Lighting, which designs high-end
decorative LED xtures. He notes, too, that
LED technology is embracing wireless controls, which are a major area of concentration
for manufacturers.
However, Blackman and AEC experts
lament the absence of standardization for
LEDs. Theres a lot of junk out there, says
Schonour. Most suppliers have specic
niches, and just because somebodys down
lights are fabulous doesnt mean their lineals
are great.
Randy Fisher, IALD, MIES, LC, Senior Lighting Designer with NBBJ, notes that LED components typically come from multiple sources,
so its harder to know one LED from another,
or to gauge quality based on branding.
Blackman says dimming continues to be
difcult with LEDs, because the people who
make dimmers and drivers dont talk to each
other. Arups Wayne believes LEDs still
need to catch up with other lighting technologies in such areas as tight-beam optics
and optical control.
LEDs, in most experts estimation, still have
room for improvement. That may explain why
this technology has yet to be challenged competitively by other solid-state products that
are either pricier, less efcient, or unavailable
commercially.
THE RISE OF OLEDS

Since Kodak Research Laboratories invented
OLEDs in 1982, the technologyin which thin
organic polymer lms, encased in a substrate
between two electrodes, emit light in response
to an electric currenthas found its way
into many lighting and display applications.
Because OLEDs dont require the circuitry or
electronics to drive the LED backlight, theyve
gained popularity as screens for computers
APRIL 2016
45
SEAN AIRHART/NBBJ
250 High Street, a 12-story,

315,000-sf mixed-use building in
Columbus, Ohio, features creative
uses of LED xtures. NBBJ was
the architect on the project, which
was completed last year.
His rm specied the Trilia

OLED from Winona Lighting,
supplied by Acuity Lighting
Brands. Wehner says its
hexagonal shape worked
perfectly for a ceiling that
makes a 135-degree turn
Peter Wehner, Senior Architect, Passero Associates
into the librarys main space.
Wehner acknowledges
that OLEDs are more expenand TVs. OLEDs incorporate their own color
sive than LEDs, which light
lters, so they can produce deeper blacks
the rest of the library. But he would consider
and a wider gamut array.
using OLEDs again on future projects for
OLEDs arent used widely in nonresidential
their amazing light output.
building projects yet, but some AEC experts
Other designers view OLEDs more tentalike the technologys decorative and perfortively as substitutes for or complements to
mance qualities.
LEDs, and not just because they cost more.
The point source is softer than LEDs, and
Service life is a major concern. The current
it replicates daylight, says Peter Wehner,
average lifespan of an OLED is about 9,000
AIA, NCARB, LEED AP, Senior Architect with
hours at 70% of the xtures original output,
Passero Associates, which was the architect
compared to 40,000 hours for LEDs. Its thin,
of record on the Irondequoit library project.
at panel shape so far has limited its design
The point source [of OLEDs] is

softer than LEDs, and replicates
daylight.
46
APRIL 2016
exibility, according to lighting experts.

Theyre an interesting light source, even
if they may not be ready for prime time yet,
says Wayne. CannonDesigns Schonour
adds that while OLEDs can be pretty
awesome as decorative lighting, shes not
betting on their wider use in nonresidential
building design because theres no research
showing they are about to turn the corner on
life or cost.
Blackman thinks OLEDs are ve to seven
years behind where LEDs are today in terms
of cost and utility. Still, he sees lots of potential in OLEDs, partly because its one of the
few lighting technologies that has a standard
shape.
He notes that LEDs are not light bulbs,
and I think you need light bulbs because
LEDs, even now, are [priced higher] than
incandescents. OLEDs have the potential to
change the price game, especially if their
design evolves.
www.BDCnetwork.com
building technology
LIGHTING SYSTEMS
LEDs provide accent lighting for the lobby

of Suning.coms headquarters in Nanjing,
China, designed by NBBJ (top); and EMD
Millipores facility in Boston (bottom), designed by CannonDesign.
LED PIONEER NAKAMURA

TURNS TO LASER DIODES
ESTO PHOTOGRAPHY
SEAN AIRHART/NBBJ
OLED lighting isnt the only technology trying

to nudge its way into the nonresidential building space.
Last month, Dr. Shuji Nakamura, inventor of the blue LED in 1993, launched a
company, SoraaLaser, to commercialize laser
diode technology, which has been around
since 1962. Laser lighting is already used for
headlamps in some BMW and Audi automobiles. Its professed advantages over other
solid-state lighting include minimal power
consumption, long lifespan, and highly directional output.
Laser diodes are lightings future, Nakamura told Luxreview.com, which reports on
lighting trends.
Laser-diode lighting products arent available for nonresidential construction yet. And
price will denitely be a factor in any future
applications. Blackman doesnt expect
laser diodes to run the table the same way
LEDs have. He concedes, though, that laser
diodes can take an incredible amount of
light at whatever color you want, and put it in
a small area. Its a very intense point source
of light.
LIGHT FIDELITY LEADS

SMART LIGHTING TRENDS
Designers hope for standardization and
simplicity in whatever lighting solutions
emerge. Theyre watching the progress and
acceptance of certain technologies, like LiFi,
or light delity, a form of visible light communications that, in tandem with radio frequency
technology, conveys information via LEDs.
Retail stores, aircraft cabins, and hospitals
are among the various venues that could

potentially benet from LiFi.
LiFi typies how lighting and the Internet
of Things are intersecting. AEC sources are
particularly interested in how lighting and
sensor technology can impact color tuning
and occupants circadian rhythms over the
course of a day. NBBJs Fisher says hes
seeking solutions that can meet WELL Building Standard protocols to emulate lighting in
a natural environment.
Schonour says CannonDesign is looking
for a partner to engage in research to test
LED color tuning synced with circadian patterns in a classroom setting, to see if lighting
can be used as a teaching tool.+
APRIL 2016
47
Circle 772
advanced materials
AIA CONTINUING EDUCATION
MITIGATING RISK WITH HIGH-PERFORMANCE
structural wood panels

2010 HUBER ENGINEERED WOODS LLC.
With the weather-resistant

barrier integrated into each
panel, the risk of loose laid
wrap tearing during construction and increasing exposure
to moisture is minimized.
he recent burst of activity in multifamily construction has magnied the nancial risks to property owners, designers, and
contractors, who must consider the potential liability of being
involved with dozens, or even hundreds, of condominium owners or
apartment renters on a project.
These risks have been heightened by the mass exodus of qualied
skilled construction workers from the workforce during the Great Recession. The Associated General Contractors of America estimates that
most of the two million construction workers who lost their jobs either
retired or found other work. The remaining less experienced trades
workers are being asked to build very sophisticated building envelopes
with increasingly complex core structural elements.
Add to that heightened demand from cost-conscious developers
focused on speed and volume of completed work, sometimes to the
detriment of quality and attention to detail.
THREE BIG RISKS TO THE BUILDING ENVELOPE
PROVIDED BY HUBER ENGINEERED WOODS LLC
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading this article, you should be able to:
+ DELINEATE the primary risks inherent in the design

and construction of floor, wall, and roof systems in lightframe wood, low-rise multifamily construction.
+ EVALUATE the pros and cons of existing construction
solutions to mitigate these risks and enhance the health
and welfare of building occupants.
+ LIST potential failures associated with traditional floor,
wall, and roof systems.
+ DISCUSS best practices to mitigate risk in the product
specification and selection process for designing and
building safe, sustainable multifamily dwellings.
There are three major risks to the key elements of the building envelopeoors, walls, and roofsof light wood frame structures: 1)
moisture management, 2) improper installation, and 3) potential
structural failure. These risks can have disastrous effects on the
building and on the comfort and safety of its occupants. They can lead
to expensive rework and even potential litigation.
1. Moisture and air management during construction and preventing the intrusion of unwanted moisture and air through the building envelope should be high priorities for Building Teams. High-performance
panels provide solutions to these problems based on two factors: their
ability to resist moisture absorption and intrusion and their ability to promote drying. These capabilities translate to superior performance from
high-performance suboor panels by minimizing damage to nished
ooring due to moisture-related swelling and underoor movement.
High-performance wall and roof panels manage moisture by creating a barrier that repels bulk water intrusion, yet allows water vapor to
diffuse through the panel. Air/vapor leakage out of a structure, known
a exltration, can lead to moisture condensation in wall cavities or
other parts of the structure. Inadequate air barriers may allow heated
or cooled air to leak to the outside, unnecessarily wasting energy and
adding to the owners costs.
2. Improper installation. Poorly installed roof coverings, improperly
fastened structural wood sheathing, faulty ashing, open seams be-
APRIL 2016
49
tween sheathing or suboor panels, poorly ashed windows, tape that

fails to make a weathertight bondall can contribute to improper functionality of a structure. Incorrect use of materials and lack of attention
to detail in their installation can lead to more complex and expensive
problems: oor bounce or squeaks, water condensation in wall cavities,
STANDARDS: PS 2 VS. ESR 1785

providing guidance for specifiers
>
ndustry standards can help guide designers in specifying higher

performing products that achieve durability, efficiency, and structural
integrity in subfloors for multifamily projects. The minimum standard for
structural wood panels is PS 2, a performance standard, now in its 10th
edition (PS 2-10), that was developed by the Engineered Wood Association (www.apawood.org). PS 2 is published by the National Institute of
Standards and Technology (nist.gov).
PS 2 establishes structural criteria for assessing the acceptability of
wood-based structural use panels for sheathing and single-floor applications. Designers may consider selecting subfloor
panels with design properties tested and proven
to produce greater, more consistent levels of
panel strength, stiffness, and fastener holding
power than those required by minimum PS 2
standards. Doing so may add a layer of protection
to the design and construction process.
The International Code Council Evaluation
Service provides technical evaluations, called
Evaluation Service Reports (ESR), for manufacturers that want to validate and qualify their products
as having design properties superior to those that
only meet the PS 2 standard. An ESR signifies that
the high-performance panel product has passed a
battery of testing protocols proving greater levels
of panel strength, stiffness, and fastener holding
power. ESRs for high-performance panels have
been shown to have:
Q > 60% better bending strength than OSB or
plywood panels of the same dimension that meet
only the minimum PS 2 standards
Q > 25% better bending stiffness than OSB
meeting PS 2 standards
Q > 15% better bending stiffness than plywood
meeting PS 2 standards
Q Up to 10% better fastener holding power than
plywood or OSB meeting PS 2 standards.
Tests reveal the high-performance suboor product carrying the ESR-1785

designation to demonstrate higher strength, stiffness, and fastener-holding
power design values than plywood and traditional OSB that only meet PS 2
code guidelines. See http://bit.ly/1pbG3HC for ICC-ES ESR-1785 Report.
50
APRIL 2016
air leakage, mold and mildew, and higher energy bills.

Building envelope and suboor problems that lead to structural
damage or impact the nished materials that rest upon the structural
elements could result in millions of dollars of rework. The repair process
costs the developer time and money, takes prot dollars out of the
contractors wallet, and can disrupt the property owners business. Situations like these can end up in court.
3. Potential structural failure. According to ASHRAE, 90% of all
building and building material failures involve moisture damage. Some
industry watchers claim that as much as 80% of construction litigation
can be traced to moisture failure. Structural failure can take the shape
of an unhealthy living environment if mold is an issue, or it can disrupt
occupant comfort due to an uneven oor with nail pops, squeaks,
or bounce. While not all incidences of moisture intrusion or improper
installation lead to severe damage, prolonged exposure to moisture
can result in the weakening and decay of structural members. The
potential for structural failure to oors, walls, and roofs must always be
addressed.
THE ROLE OF SUBFLOORING

IN THE FINISHED FLOOR
The nished oor is only as good as the suboor it rests on. The ideal
suboor minimizes moisture absorption during construction. Exposure
to snow and rain during construction constitutes a signicant threat to
the integrity of a suboor. It can result in edge swell, thickness swell,
and possible delamination in the subooring.
Excessive moisture in ooring panels can also lead to a weakening in
the holding strength of fasteners. The problem usually shows up in the
form of swelling and buckling hardwood oors. Excessive moisture in
the panel transfers to the unnished backside of the hardwood, resulting in the hardwood oor moving and pulling away from the suboor:
the fasteners just dont have the strength to hold the ooring. Moisture
absorption in the suboor can lead to loss of structural strength that
can diminish the safety, durability, and overall performance of the oor
system, not to mention squeaking and cracking of the oor nish.
Unusually heavy materials such as marble or concrete countertop
surfaces can create excessive loading on the suboor that can lead to
unwanted deection over time, a phenomenon called dead-load creep.
Most wood-framed oors are designed to resist 1015 psf of material
weight. A 1-inch-thick granite countertop exerts a force of 18 psf.
This overstress can lead to movement over the life cycle of the oor
system. Moisture absorption in suboor panels can further weaken the
panel. With the added weight of the materials, the oor will deect (or
creep) over time, producing cracks in the oor surfaces.
The likelihood and severity of suboor problems is highly dependent
on the type of suboor used. The existing options are oriented strandboard (OSB), plywood, and engineered high-performance panels. OSB
is particularly susceptible to moisture absorption through the face and
edges of the panel. This can lead to edge swell and require additional
sanding of the suboor panels, driving up the cost of the nished ooring. Plywood may wick moisture at the seams and is prone to warping,
cupping, and veneer delamination.
www.BDCnetwork.com
advanced materials
High-performance panels are designed with advanced moistureresistant resins and higher wood density than traditional OSB. They
offer better moisture resistance than commodity OSB and plywood,
come with longer warrantiesin some cases, up to 500 daysand
guarantee no sanding due to edge swell. Some high-performance panels are designed to offer up to 10% better calculated fastener holding
power than plywood or OSB. According to ICC ESR-1785 (http://bit.
ly/1pbG3HC), they are engineered to exceed design values of plywood
and commodity OSB in strength and stiffness.
To help minimize installation defects, some manufacturers of highperformance panels offer precisely milled self-spacing tongue and
groove proles, plus a fastening guide for easier installation. In specifying high-performance panels, especially in high-trafc or weight-bearing
areas, designers should consider suboor products that have been
tested and reported to have design values that exceed PS 2 standards
(see box on opposite page for more on PS 2).
WALLS AND ROOFSINTEGRATED

SYSTEMS VS. BUILDING WRAPS
In designing moisture resistance into wall and roof systems, three factors must be considered:
1. Bulk water must be kept from getting inside the structure, where it
can not only damage contents, but can lead to mold and structural
failure if structural elements are not allowed to dry properly. A bulk
water barrier can prevent this.
2. Vapor permeability allows airborne moisture from showers, kitchens,
and occupants to migrate through the building envelope to the outside.
3. Exltration, which carries air out of the building, is just as important
as inltration. Air leakage can carry moisture into unwanted places,
which can lead to rot, mold, energy loss, and poor indoor air quality.
To be effective, an air barrier system must be continuousno holes,
openings, or penetrationsand resistant to air pressure differentials.
Particular attention should be paid to inadequately sealed penetrations in the exterior wall, such as electrical outlets or mechanical
openings.
Traditional methods of managing moisture and air intrusioncaulking, building felt, and traditional building wrapshave their shortcomings. They must be properly sealed at all penetrations, a complicated,
time-consuming task. Building wraps are prone to tearing from mishandling or high winds. The adhesion between the ashing material and
the tape is sometimes wanting. Installation details for some of these
products can be hard to follow.
Some perforated wraps may result in the passage of water and air or
have low abrasion and tear resistance. With macroporous perforated
building wraps, the macro holes in the lm provide vapor permeance
but sacrice air and water resistance. Some microporous products may
not be sufciently resistant to abrasion or tearing. Asphalt papers and
felts may be more moisture resistant but less pliable.
The advantage of roll- or sprayed-on water-resistant barriers is that they
will stay on the wall without ripping or tearing. However, they must be
installed at a specic thickness. They require specic multi-step instal-
GET THE FLASHING DETAILS RIGHT
lashing should be an important consideration in maintaining air

tightness in multifamily buildings. Wall systems require flashing to integrate and maintain a continuous water-resistive barrier.
In many cases, flashing is missing or poorly installed. In large-scale
buildings, the effect of the resultant moisture and air leakage can
add up, compromising occupant comfort and increasing utility bills.
Well-respected building science organizations recommend that
structures be built as tightly as possible, but with a properly designated ventilation path. ASHRAE stipulates that sealing, caulking,
gasketing, or weather stripping is necessary for:
Q Joints around fenestration and door frames
Q Junctions between walls and foundations
Q Walls and building corners
Q Walls and structural floors and roofs
Q Walls and roof and wall panels
Q Joints, seams, and penetrations of vapor retarders
Q All other openings in the envelope.
The type of flashing used should have a service life equal to that
of the building.
lation instructions for different substrates: achieving consistency is not

easy. They must be applied to a completely dry surface, may require
multiple coats and dry time, and have temperature restrictions.
To address these problems, one manufacturer is offering a new approach: high-performance panels with an integrated weather-resistant
barrier that install easily with minimal environmental installation restrictions. With high-performance panels that have integrated weatherresistant barriers, there is no risk of water being trapped between the
panel and the water-resistive layer as they are fused together. Further,
integrated systems are specially engineered to allow permeability. To
allow for outward drying, a water-resistive barrier must have a higher
permeance, or permeability level, than the OSB panel behind it. A permeability of 1216 perms is considered adequate to allow for outward
drying of the system while also keeping excessive exterior moisture out.
Because the sheathings weather-resistive barrier is permanently
fused to each panel, there is little to no risk of it being ripped or torn.
This ensures that the structure panel will not be exposed to physical
damage or bad weather. By contrast, the wood surface of a traditional
OSB and building wrap system can be compromised when the wrap is
ripped or torn, exposing the underlying wood surface to rain, snow, or
other moisture.
FLASHING TAPETHE CRITICAL ELEMENT

All weather-resistant systems require fasteners to secure their positioning, sealing tape to seal the edges, and ashing tape to integrate with
other building elements. Individual manufacturers will provide a compatible tape that seals the edges of its weather-resistant barrier system to
APRIL 2016
51
advanced materials
each other. The main requirements are ease of use and durability when
exposed to the elements and the effects of UV radiation. Where manufacturers differentiate themselves is in how their exible ashing tapes
integrate other building elements with the weather-resistant barrier.
There are two critical areas where the continuity of the weather-resistant barrier can be compromised by a poorly designed or incorrectly
installed ashing system: windows and protrusions.
From metal ashing pans, to advanced sealants, to recent developments in exible windowsill applications, windows and window ashing
are now recognized as a signicant area of risk for water intrusion.
Stretchable acrylic-based sealant tape allows for one-piece window
pans with no voids, easily solving the threat of water inltration through
windows.
Protrusions are most often the result of mechanical systems needing access between the interior and exterior of a structure. Here, too,
stretchable acrylic-based sealant tapes provide a high-quality solution
for preventing leaks between the building envelope and mechanical
protrusions.
Stretchable ashing tape provides signicant advantages over traditional metal ashings and nonexible ashing tape. Todays acrylic tapes
are engineered for superior durability and temperature range. They have
been shown to perform so well that they are routinely used not only in
construction but in high-performance automotive, marine, and aviation
applications as well.
Tapes with acrylic adhesiveswater-based, solvent-based, or
solid,are becoming increasingly popular. Water-based acrylic tape
adhesive, while the least expensive, may not bond to as many types of
substrates as the others. Solvent-based adhesives can become brittle
over time.
According to BuildingGreen.com, solid acrylic adhesives can form
the strongest adhesive bonds at a wide range of temperatures and
even achieve adhesion to damp or wet substrates. Solid adhesives
contain no solvents and do not become brittle. Made of highly polar
molecules that pull the adhesive into the substrate, these advanced
acrylic tapes are formulated to ow into every crevice, increasing total
contact area and producing a lasting seal that is considerably stronger than those of traditional asphalt and butyl tapes. With both robust
adhesion and cohesion, advanced acrylic tapes are internally strong
intertwined polymer chains provide excellent internal strength, adding to
the overall reliability of the seal.
LOOK FOR EASE OF INSTALLATION

Integrated sheathing and tape systems have a labor-saving edge over
traditional building wraps by providing an all-in-one installation process
versus the more labor-intensive two-step process required by looselayered building wrap systems. In systems where the protective layer is
permanently fused to each panel, the sheathing and tape can streamline the process, eliminating many windy-day installation problems and
rips and tears from contractor mishandling.
Using high-performance panel sheathing with an integrated weatherresistive barrier minimizes exposure to the elements by providing quick-
52
APRIL 2016
Integrated sheathing and tape systems help protect against air leakage
while allowing sufcient vapor permeability.
er dry-in and shortening construction cycle times. Rough dry-in keeps

the elements away from unprotected wood framing. Unlike loose-layered building wrap systems, integrated water-resistive barrier products
do not require as many application steps to create a weather-resistant
barrier: as soon as high-performance panels are installed and taped,
other trades can begin work. A study by Home Innovation Research
Labs found that integrated sheathing/tape systems installed more than
40% faster than a traditional sheathing/building wrap tape system.
TOWARD A BEST PRACTICE SCENARIO

When it comes to achieving a structurally durable, weather-tight structure, the evidence points to specifying reliable, high-performance oor,
wall, and roof sheathing products that have been third-party tested,
meet standardized tests, and are easy to inspect for installation and
quality by code ofcials.
For oors, walls, and roofs, high-performance panel systems offer
increased reliability, provide building professionals with durable, energyefcient systems that are easy to install, and yield superior resistance
to water intrusion and air inltration. High-performance panels also can
carry superior warranties when installed according to the manufacturers
instructionsan indication of the manufacturers condence in these
materials.
As building code performance standards become more stringent and
condominium buyers and apartment renters become more demanding,
a durable structure that mitigates the risks associated with inadequate
moisture and air management, improper installation, or structural failure
is an economic necessity. High-performance suboor panels and exterior sheathing with integrated weather-resistive barriers are engineered
to provide developers, architects, builders, and consumers an advantage in mitigating these risks. They are changing the way professionals
build and manage risks in multifamily construction.
> EDITORS NOTE

Additional reading is required for this course.
To earn 1.0 AIA CES learning units, study the article
carefully and take the exam posted at
www.BDCnetwork.com/HuberCourse
www.BDCnetwork.com
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Circle 773
the building envelope

Water Vapor Migration 101

THE BASICS OF VAPOR RETARDERS
BY SEAN M. OBRIEN, PE, LEED AP, AND MATTHEW VONG, SIMPSON GUMPERTZ & HEGER INC.
Sean OBrien is a Principal at the engineering rm Simpson Gumpertz & Heger
and head of SGHs Building Technology Division in New York City. Matthew Vong
is an Engineer in the same division, based in New York. Both specialize in building
science and building enclosure performance.
COURTESY SIMPSON GUMPERTZ & HEGER INC.
Fig. 1 ] The relative nature of relative humidity: Warm air can hold
more water than cold air, so the saturation point of the air increases.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading this article, you should be able to:
+ UNDERSTAND the basic physical forces that result in water

vapor migration.
+ SELECT appropriate vapor retarder systems based on interior/

exterior climate and general building enclosure construction
parameters.
+ LIST the major factors that can impact water vapor migration
through building enclosure systems.
+ DESCRIBE one or more ways to design durable, reliable,
and effective building enclosure systems that appropriately
manage water vapor.
apor retarders play an important role in controlling water vapor

ow and can be a major element in durable building enclosure
design. (Note: Although there is some debate in the industry over terminology, vapor barrier and vapor retarder are used
interchangeably here.) Experience shows that water vapor movement
through building enclosure systems can result in problems in any climatenot just cold climateswhere there is a difference in moisture
levels between the interior and exterior.
Despite this understanding, there are still many misconceptions as
to how and why water vapor ow occurs. This course will describe
how to select and locate vapor retarders to control moisture migration
and prevent condensation within the building enclosure.
It is important to distinguish between vapor ow and air leakage. Air
leakage is three-dimensional in nature. It occurs through discontinuities within the building enclosureholes, unsealed elements, etc.or
through air-permeable materials such as unsealed concrete masonry
units. Moving air carries both heat and moisture, so air leakage creates
the risk of condensation as well as heat losses and gains. Thats why
air leakage has become such an important factor in the recent addition
of air barrier requirements to most energy codes in the U.S.
Air barriers must be carefully detailed to provide continuity and may
or may not also function as vapor retarders. Vapor ow is generally
one-dimensional in nature, occurs via diffusion through solid materials, and is primarily governed by the permeability of materials to
water vapor. Vapor retarders typically do not require the same level of
continuity and detailing as air barriers to be effective.
Although vapor ow resulting from air leakage is many orders of
magnitude greater than vapor ow through diffusion, this course will
concentrate on vapor movement that occurs by water vapor diffusion,
which is still an important element in building enclosure design even
though it has taken a back seat to air leakage in recent years.
WHAT EXACTLY IS VAPOR FLOW?

Water vapor travels from areas of high water content (also known
as water vapor pressure, or the partial pressure of water vapor in
a sample of air) to areas of low water content. Vapor pressure is a
function of temperature and relative humidity (RH). The key con-
APRIL 2016
55
FIGURES COURTESY SIMPSON GUMPERTZ & HEGER INC.
Fi 2 ] W
Fig.
Water vapor migration
i
i iin cold
ld climates
li
iis typically
i ll ffrom the
h
interior to the exterior. This leads to traditional code usage requiring
a vapor retarder on the warm-in-winter side of an assembly.
Fi 3 ] W
Fig.
Water
t vapor migration
i
ti iin h
hot/humid
t/h id climates
li t iis ttypically
i ll th
the
reverse of cold climates, with higher exterior moisture levels tending
to push moisture into the building.
cept in understanding RH is the Rfor relative. RH, expressed as

a percentage, can also be thought of as the percentage saturation for
a sample of air at a given temperature.
RH alone cannot be used to determine the direction of water vapor
ow because the saturation point is dependent on temperature:
Warmer air has a higher storage capacity for water than cooler air.
For that reason, it is possible for water vapor to ow from an area of
low relative humidity (but high temperature) to an area of high relative
humidity (at low temperature), as shown in Fig. 1.
For typical buildings, water vapor ows from the warmer side to the
colder side of an enclosure system. This means that the direction of
water vapor ow will vary by season and sometimes even on a daily
basis, depending on the local climate. The ASHRAE psychrometric
chart is a useful tool for determining the primary direction of water
vapor ow under a given set of temperature and RH conditions. By
locating a specic temperature and RH condition on the chart, you
can read the absolute moisture content at those conditions. This is
the humidity ratio, or HR, expressed in pounds of water per pound of
dry air. As has been noted, water vapor will always ow from an area
of higher absolute moisture content to an area of lower moisture contentin this case, from the higher HR to the lower HR on the chart.
While the direction of water vapor ow is determined by moisture
levels on either side of an assembly, the magnitude of ow is determined by the vapor pressure differential across an element and the
properties of the layers within that assembly.
Q Water vapor permeability, measured in U.S. perm in (1 permin =
1 grain/hftinHg, where 1 grain = 1/7000 lb), is a material property
that describes the rate of water vapor ow through a material for a
given vapor pressure differential.
Q Permeance, a layer property, describes water vapor ow through a
specic thickness of material. It is measured in U.S. perms (1 perm
= 1 grain/hsfinHg).
These measures are analogous to thermal conductivity and thermal
conductance (R-value) when calculating heat ow.
Historically, vapor retarders have been considered to be materials
with a water vapor permeance of 1.0 perms or less. Up through the
mid-1900s, most buildings were constructed using solid, massmasonry wall constructionbrick, stone, and mortarmaterials that
were designed to absorb and store moisture. Since the basic wall
materials were extremely durable and were not likely to be compromised by water vapor accumulation or condensation, vapor retarders
were not used. Besides, vapor diffusion was not widely understood at
the time.
VAPOR FLOW IN TODAYS CONSTRUCTION
Fig. 4 ] Mixed climates do not have a dominant direction of water

vapor migration. This creates the need to design for vapor ow in
both directions, which may include split insulation and variablepermeance membranes.
56
APRIL 2016
The same design principles regarding vapor retarders cannot be

applied to todays lightweight construction. Materials used in lightweight construction do not have the same moisture storage capacity as mass construction or the same durability in wet conditions.
Light-gauge steel framing and gypsum- and wood-based sheathing
are sensitive to moisture. The success of lightweight construction depends on keeping the moisture-sensitive components dry. Managing
www.BDCnetwork.com

DESIGNING FOR VAPOR FLOW

The most common question we get about water vapor ow is Where
do I put the vapor retarder?often followed by Do I even need a
vapor retarder? Lets look at the basic factors affecting vapor retarder
design in buildings, as well as common mistakes that can lead to
problems.
Until about 10 years ago, the most common way designers evaluated water vapor migration problems was through manual calculations
using the ASHRAE dew point method. The chief disadvantage of
manual calculations is that they focus on a single point in time. They
do not account for the dynamic nature of changing weather conditions, or for heat and moisture storage and release in materials.
Computer simulations use the same basic formulas as manual
methods, but perform thousands of calculations to account for the
dynamic nature of water vapor ow and the impact of changing conditions, such as rainfall and solar heat gain.
In the following sections, rather than focusing on these specic
analytical methods, we will present general guidance on designing to
accommodate water vapor ow.
EVALUATING EXTERIOR CLIMATE FACTORS

The location of a project is often the primary factor that dictates the
need for a vapor retarder in the building enclosure, and how perme-
able the barrier needs to be.

Historically, vapor retarders
have been more common
in northern climates due the
condensation and moisture
problems associated with
winter conditions in those
regions. That is why most
codes initially required that
vapor retarders be located
on the warm in winter side
of the assembly.
For typical interior environments in cold climates, water
vapor ow is primarily from
the interior to the exterior for
Photo shows mold growth behind vinyl
most of the year. The intent of
a vapor retarder on the interior wallpaper due to moisture migration in
a structure in a hot and humid climate.
of the insulation is to limit
vapor ow to colder places in
the wall, where it can condense (Fig. 2).
In warmer climates, the opposite is true, since the primary direction of vapor ow is from the exterior to the interior. Here, the issue is
limiting water vapor migration from the exterior to the interior, where
it can condense on the back of interior nishesespecially relatively
impermeable layers like vinyl wallpaper (see photo above).
Mixed climates, such as the mid-Atlantic U.S., do not have a
primary direction of water vapor migration. This makes it difcult to
determine on which side of the assembly to place the vapor retarder.
In these climates, vapor-permeable membranes or vapor retarders installed between layers of insulation are often the best options (Fig. 4).
There are also vapor retarder materials, known as variable permeance
vapor retarders, that change their permeance in response to changing RH conditions. These can be useful in mixed climates, as they can
mitigate vapor migration in the cooler seasons but also allow drying
during warmer, more humid, weather.
One element of the exterior environment that is often overlooked
when designing vapor retarders is the moisture present in the local
soil, which can ow into basements and slab-on-grade oors. Installing a vapor retarder below slab-on-grade construction greatly reduces
vapor migration (but not necessarily liquid water ow) through the
slab. Vapor migration through slabs can lead to problems with many
types of ooring, from the reemulsication of water-based adhesives
used for vinyl ooring, to warping of wood-based oor nishes.
For new construction, proper installation of vapor barriers below the
slab is critical. Since there is almost always a higher moisture concentration in the soil than in the interior air (and, at this point in the project,
the additional construction cost is relatively low), we almost always
recommend using sub-slab vapor retarders regardless of the climate.
Sub-slab vapor retarders should be installed directly below the
concrete slab, as gravel or sand layers between the retarder and the
concrete can allow water to build up below the slab, creating localized
APRIL 2016
water vapor ow is one of several ways to accomplish that end.

As is well understood, condensation occurs when water vapor
migrates to a cold surface and changes phase back to a liquid.
Condensation requires a surface that is below the dew pointthe
temperature at which water vapor in air at a given temperature and
RH will condense into a liquidof the ambient interior environment.
In building enclosures, condensation is most often visible on
glazing and framing systems, which are usually colder than the surrounding wall elements. Predicting condensation on directly exposed
surfaces does not require a moisture migration analysis. Instead, a
thermal analysis can be used to calculate surface temperatures, followed by a simple comparison to the interior design dew point.
Predicting and preventing concealed condensation due to water
vapor ow can be much more difcult, for three reasons:
1] Predicting condensation potential involves calculating both heat
and moisture ows through an assembly. This is more complicated
than calculating dew points and surface temperatures alone.
2 ] Condensation-related damage to sheathing materials and wall
framing can lead to premature degradation and the growth of mold,
both of which are less likely to happen with exposed surfaces such
as metal and glass on windows.
3 ] Concealed condensation will typically not be noticed by building
occupants until it has progressed to a level where staining, material
failure, or odors have become apparentat which point it is likely
signicant damage or mold growth has already occurred.
Preventing concealed condensation in walls, roofs, and other
building enclosure components is the primary reason for using vapor
retarders.
57

high moisture levels and driving vapor toward the building interior.
The potential for condensation depends on the magnitude of water vapor ow, which is dependent on the difference in water vapor
pressure across a building element as well as the permeance of the
materials in the assembly. For very cold or very humid climates, the
great difference in vapor pressure between the interior and exterior
means that vapor ows can be signicant, and moisture problems
potentially severe. This is why at least a Class (<0.1 perms) vapor
retarder is necessary in places like Alaska or Florida, while buildings
in mid-Atlantic (mixed) climates may only require a Class II (0.1 to
1.0 perms) vapor retarder, or no vapor retarder at all.
INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT CONSIDERATIONS

Conditions within a building also have a signicant impact on the
requirements for vapor retarders. In mechanically ventilated, nonhumidied buildings in northern climates, interior moisture levels are
generally lowest when condensation potential is highest, due to the
low levels of ambient moisture in the exterior environment. When
humidication is added, even at low levels (35-40% RH), the vapor
pressure differential between the interior and exterior can be double or
even triple when compared to non-humidied conditions.
At even higher levels, such as those found in museums or indoor
swimming pools, buildings with inadequate vapor retarders (or none
at all) can experience signicant damage from condensation within the
enclosure, often in an alarmingly short period of time.
The use of wintertime humidication in a building is the biggest factor
governing vapor ow magnitude in cold climates. It should be a red
ag to the design team to be even more careful in the design of vapor
retarders and building enclosure systems under such conditions.
A less well-understood problem is the reliance on operable windows for fresh air ventilation, which many building codes still allow.
Buildings with continuous air barriers often experience high interior
moisture levels during the colder months of the year, since occupants dont want to have their windows open. This can result in high
interior RH levels and consequent moisture problems in the enclosure.
This situation highlights the need for coordination among architects,
enclosure consultants, and mechanical engineers when designing the
enclosure and identifying the typical interior conditions.
In mixed climates, humidied interior conditions will often mean that
vapor retarders become necessary where they would otherwise not
be needed.
In warm, humid climates, maintaining low interior moisture levels will
increase the vapor pressure differential and the resulting vapor drive to
the interior. This is often the case in ofce buildings, where occupants
tend to undercool the space for better comfort. However, this should
not be a problem in warm, humid climates, since a well-designed
building will already have a strong exterior vapor retarder.
ENCLOSURE CONSTRUCTION FACTORS

Once the interior and exterior conditions have been determined,
designers must evaluate the overall makeup of a wall or roof as part
of designing for water vapor migration. Many factors need to be taken
58
APRIL 2016
into account, notably:

Durability of materials. Concrete block
and solid brick masonry
are less susceptible to
damage than materials
like gypsum wallboard
and oriented strand
board sheathing. Vapor
retarders may not be
necessary in this type
Pictured: moisture-related damage to
of construction. In older
insulation and wall framing due to the vapor
retarder having been installedimpropbuildings, such as those
erlyon the cold side of wall insulation.
constructed with solid
brick, adding a vapor
retarder may end up causing problems by limiting drying of the wall and
increasing the risk of freeze-thaw damage to the masonry.
Reverse vapor drive. In wall systems with highly absorptive
exterior cladding, such as split-face concrete masonry units or porous
brick masonry, solar gain on the wet cladding can lead to a localized
water vapor ow toward the interior of the building, even under relatively cool exterior conditions. As solar heating forces the wall to dry
out toward the interior, a vapor retardereven one installed per code
on the interior side of the wall insulationcan trap that moisture within
the assembly. A more permeable vapor retarder likely would allow the
system to dry out more quickly and prevent moisture accumulation.
This highlights the risk of using vapor retarders in solid masonry
walls that lack dedicated exterior weather barriers. Reducing the drying ability of the wall can lead to high moisture levels in the masonry,
which can raise concerns about durability and moisture buildup within
interior nishes.
Unexpected vapor retarders. Many building enclosure materials
or nishes can act as vapor retarders, even without being labeled as
such. The most common example is vinyl wallpaper, which can have
a permeance of 0.5 perms or less for some products. Metal back
pans in curtain wall construction and foil backing on some gypsum
wallboard products also can act as stopping points for moisture that
result in concealed condensation. They should be evaluated as part of
the overall water vapor ow plan.
Weather-resistive barriers often have very low permeance (0.05
perms), making their use in some wall assemblies and climates problematic. This is often the case in colder climates, where designers and
installers routinely select self-adhered rubberized asphalt membranes
for use on exterior sheathing based on the superior waterproong performance of these products, without considering their impact on vapor ow when installed on the sheathing outboard of the primary wall
insulationthe wrong side for this climate. Some exterior insulation
is almost always required to prevent condensation when impermeable
weather barriers are used in cold climates.
Vapor traps. Theoretically, putting a vapor retarder on both sides of
the wall or roof insulation would address vapor ow in both directions, but
doing so would eliminate the potential of the wall to dry out in the event of
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a leak or excessive built-in moisture. Thats why its good practice to avoid
using multiple vapor retarders in an assembly, and, depending on the
season, to allow the wall to dry to both sides of the vapor retarder.
In some cases, a variable permeance vapor retarder applied on the
interior can be useful if there is already an exterior vapor retarder, as
it can limit moisture migration to the exterior during cold weather but
allow for some drying to the interior during warmer weather.
One case where vapor traps are unavoidable is in low-slope, compact (unvented) roof systems. In this case, especially in cold climates,
a vapor retarder is needed to limit vapor ow into the roof assembly,
which will typically have a relatively impermeable roof membrane on
the outboard side. This makes the assemblies inherently susceptible to
moisture accumulation in the event of leakage. However, leakage in a
roof is unlikely to go unnoticed, so the potential for signicant accumulation without detection is fairly low for most roofs.
Which side is the warm side? Back when typical exterior walls
only had insulation between the studs, the warm side was easy to
locate. Most modern energy codes now require continuous insulation outboard of framed wall assemblies, which usually places the
weather-resistive barrier on the sheathing between layers of insulation (Fig. 4). Computer analysis of moisture migration is often necessary to analyze these cases and determine the appropriate levels of
insulation, as well as the appropriate vapor permeance for the vapor
retarder within the wall.

Water vapor transmission is an important design consideration
that can determine the success or failure of the building enclosure. Building codes provide some guidance, but they dont cover
the wide range of factors that can affect enclosure performance. The
local climate, the interior environment, and the nature and conguration of the other materials in the enclosure must all be taken into account to produce a system that functions not only under the design
conditions but also has sufcient redundancy to tolerate extreme
events such as water leakage or intermittent spikes in interior or
exterior conditions.
Designing the enclosure to address water vapor migration requires
an understanding of the general factors that impact vapor ow and
applying those factors to the specic conditions on a project. Where
the guidelines described in this course are not sufcient, computerized analysis may be necessary to address water vapor migration.
> EDITORS NOTE

Brief additional reading is required for this course.
To earn 1.0 AIA CES HSW learning units, study
the article carefully and take the exam posted at
www.BDCnetwork.com/VaporMigration
Water Vapor Migration 101 Exam

1) True or False: Water vapor ow
naturally occurs from areas of high
relative humidity to areas of low
relative humidity.
a. True
b. False
2) The magnitude of water vapor ow
due to air leakage is typically ________
that due to vapor diffusion alone.
a. Much greater than
b. Slightly greater than
c. Equal to
d. Less than
3) What is the typical measure of
water vapor permeance in building
materials in the U.S.?
a. The metric perm
b. ng/sm2Pa
c. The U.S. perm
d. The U.S. permin
4) A common vapor trap occurs in
which of these assemblies?
a. Solid masonry walls
b. Brick veneer wall
60
APRIL 2016
5)
6)
7)
8)
c. Concrete slab-on-grade
d. Low-slope, unvented roof
Reverse vapor drive in cold
climates is primarily caused by:
a. High exterior relative humidity
b. Solar heating of absorptive cladding
c. Interior vapor retarders
d. Insufcient insulation
True or False: Manual calculations for
determining water vapor migration
take into account the dynamic nature
of real wall assemblies.
a. True
b. False
What is the dening feature of a
mixed climate?
a. Typically humid exterior conditions
b. Very cold winters
c. High exterior temperatures
d. No primary direction of water vapor
migration
What factor has the biggest impact
on water vapor ow magnitude in
cold climates?
a. Interior relative humidity

b. Exterior temperature
c. Interior air pressure
d. Interior temperature
9) Which of the following is an
example of a material with low vapor
permeance that may not be clearly
labeled as a vapor retarder?
a. Self-adhered waterproong
membrane
b. Sub-slab vapor barrier sheet
c. Vinyl wallpaper
d. Insulation facing
10) Which of the following types of
wall systems is most likely to be
negatively impacted by the use of
an interior vapor retarder?
a. Brick veneer
b. Stucco
c. Metal panel
d. Solid masonry
www.BDCnetwork.com
A DOZEN WAYS TO SEAL YOUR BUILDING USING
air/vapor barriers
BARRIER SYSTEM USED
1 INTEGRATED
in New Englands rst Living Building
When Hampshire College, Amherst, Mass., opens the R.W. Kern

Center later this month, it will be the rst project in New England to
achieve Living Building certication. The 150,000-sf wood-framed
centerwith classrooms, meeting spaces, an art exhibit area,
bookstore, and cafwill generate its own energy and treat its
own waste. Ron DeMeo Construction installed a Prosoco R-Guard
FastFlash air/water barrier system, using Prosocos Joint & Seam
Filler, FastFlash, Cat 5, and AirDam products. Bruner/Cott (architect),
South Mountain Co. (energy modeling), Integrated Eco Strategy (materials), and Wright Builders (GC) completed the Building Team.
Prosoco
CIRCLE NO. 811 ON READER SERVICE CARD
SAVES TWO WEEKS TIME

2 CAULKING
for contractor on apartment complex
When Whitney Center Properties, a nonprot senior-living corporation, added 88 luxury apartments to its complex in Hamden, Conn.,
Daniels Caulking saved two weeks by caulking, rather than taping,
the 55,000 sf of DensGlass sheathing with Carlisle CCW LM-800XL
mastic. The waterproong contractor sprayed the walls with Barritech VP, a uid-applied air/vapor barrier, and ashed window and
62
APRIL 2016
door openings with CCW 702 Contact Adhesive and CCW 705 Air/
Vapor Barrier Strips. SFCS Architectural Engineering (designer) and
KBE Building Corp. (GC) rounded out the Building Team.
Carlisle Coatings & Waterproong

BARRIER HELPS
3 AIR/VAPOR-RESISTIVE
fulll design vision for Cincinnati complex
Hoar Construction recently completed 750,000 sf of the 1.2 million-sf

Liberty Center, a mixed-use complex near Cincinnati, for Steiner +
Associates. OKInteriors provided the air and water-resistive barrier
over the substrate and framing of the 346,000-sf retail/entertainment
portion of the project. Dryvits Backstop NT and AquaFlash were
used as key components of the Outsulation Plus MD System. The
entire assembly allowed the Building Team to capture the varied texturesbrick, limestone, granite, metal, and stuccothat were crucial
to architecture rm KA Inc.s vision for the project.
Dryvit Systems
AIR/VAPOR BARRIER SYSTEM

4 COMBINED
provides sheathing, sealant, and primer
The new DensElement Barrier System from Georgia-Pacic Gypsum
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building enclosure systems

PRODUCT ROUNDUP
provides a water-resistive barrier integrated with an air

barrier within the gypsum core. The system, based on
AquaKOR Technology, uses GPs DensElement Sheathing, Prosoco R-Guard FastFlash liquid ashing as a
sealant, and Prosoco PorousPrep primer to prepare
exposed gypsum edges. The combined barrier system
eliminates the need to apply other air/vapor barriers to
cover or coat the wall.
Georgia-Pacic Gypsum
WATER-RESISTIVE MEMBRANE
5 NEW
also helps reduce sound transmission
The recently released Fracture Ban membrane, a pliable, lightweight

peel-and-stick membrane, is designed for use under thin-bed adhesives for ceramic tile, stone, and other hard-surface installations. The
water-resistive, high-strength membrane has been tested to ANSI
A118.12 (anti-fracture) and ANSI A118.13 (sound reduction) specications. Suggested applications: apartment buildings, ofces, and
hospitals, including those using vinyl oors and tiles, concrete slabs,
terrazzo, stone, or ceramic tile.
6
RAINSCREEN
7
SYSTEM
saves art school
40% on its energy bill
LifeWorks, a nonprot family services agency in Austin, Texas, earned

a ve-star rating from Austin Energy Green Building for saving 79.6%
on energy use (compared to a baseline building) in its 33,600-sf headquarters. The Building TeamMir Rivera Architects, Spaw Glass
(GC), and Chamberlin Roong and Waterproong (applicator)used
a mix of products from GCP Applied Technologies to provide a fully
adhered vapor permeable air barrier: Perm-A-Barrier VPS (vaporpermeable sheet) and Wall Flashing and Ice & Weather Shield HT
self-adhered underlayment.
Cornish Commons at Cornish

College of the Arts is protected
with an aluminum cladding
rainscreen that beats Seattles
thermal code requirements by
40%. Ankrom Moisan Architects
chose Dow Cornings sprayapplied Silicone Air Barrier
System for its high permeability.
The Raymond Group (cladding
contractor) applied 50,000 sf of
Dow Cornings DefendAir 200
(air/water barrier), 791 Silicone
Building Sealant (unit sealing),
and Silicone Transition System. Also on the Building Team for Capstone
Development Partners (developer): Coughlin Porter Lundeen (SE/CE),
Holaday-Parks (mechanical/plumbing), Cochran (electrical), and Howard S. Wright (GC).
GCP Applied Technologies
Dow Corning
Laticrete
AIR BARRIER
6 VAPOR-PERMEABLE
protects family services agency HQ
APRIL 2016
63
building enclosure systems

PRODUCT ROUNDUP
8
9
8 for use in mixed-climate projects

VAPOR RETARDER AVAILABLE
CertainTeed MemBrain vapor retarder changes permeability from <1 perm at low humidity (such as during
winter) to >20 perms at high relative humidity. MemBrain
can be used in place of traditional polyethylene vapor
retarders with unfaced berglass insulation to provide
an insulation system in climates with seasonal changes
in temperature and humidity. MemBrain allows closed
building envelopes to improve their drying capacity under
seasonal climatic changes. It can also help reduce excess moisture in buildings.
CertainTeed Insulation
9 all zipped up and airtight

APARTMENT COMPLEX
Mike Reardon, Project Manager with M.W. Weber Architects, chose ZIP System sheathing and tape for the waterand air-resistive barrier on the 204-unit Bramblett Hills
Apartments, OFallon, Mo. It can be put in place regardless of the time of year, he said. Once the panels are in
place the structure is airtight, which is critical to preventing
mold. The $28 million, 17-building project was developed
by TriStar Properties. Also on the Building Team: Propper
Construction Services (owners rep), THD Design Group
(CE), and Contegra Construction Co. (GC).
Huber Engineered Woods

CUTS DETAILING COST

10 BARRIER
for transit station at DFW airport
10
11
UNIVERSITY BUILDING IN ARKANSAS
treated with closed-cell spray barrier
The College of Science and Mathematics at Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, was built in 1936 and renovated 50 years later.
Replacement windows were installed with gaps in the frame. Open
softs and mechanical pipe penetrations were leaking air and causing condensation. To seal everything up, Canam Building Envelope
Specialists, a division of Tremco, used a two-part polyurethane
closed-cell spray foam to ll the gaps. Projected annual savings:
about $1,588 ($0.08/sf); payback period: just over 12 years.
Canam/Tremco
Dallass rapid transit system is the longest light rail line in

the U.S.90 miles. The extension to Dallas/Fort Worth International
Airport also saw the construction of the $27 million station at DFW.
The 450-foot-long station rests between two retaining walls. To seal
the walls from moisture, waterproong contractor CHM Weatherguard chose to use 24,000 sf of Precon barrier and a like amount of
Mel-Drain from W.R. Meadows. Matt Hager, VP/Operations for CHM
Weatherguard, said this method saved three weeks of detailing work
and cut detailing costs 3540%. Corgan served as AOR, Balfour
Beatty Construction as GC.
64
12
PLANT GETS NEW LIFE

12 POWER
as $130 million mixed-use center
STG Design (architect) and Flintco (GC) led the redevelopment of the
1950s-era Seaholm power plant, in Austin, Texas. The $130 million
mixed-use project includes 143,150 sf of ofce space, 280 high-rise
condominiums, and 48,360 sf of retail and restaurants. Consultant
Curtainwall Design Consulting specied DuPont Tyvek Fluid Applied
Weather Barrier to protect the building envelope. Diversied Thermal
installed the product, which uses an advanced polymer technology
(STPE) that offers high UV resistance.
W.R. Meadows
DuPont
APRIL 2016
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new projects
PORTFOLIO
BY DAVID MALONE, ASSOCIATE EDITOR
66
NYC CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY OPENS

FOUR DAYLIGHT-ABUNDANT PRE-K CENTERS
Last September, four pre-K centers designed by MDSzerbaty
Associates (MDSA) opened throughout New York City, in
Manhattan (pictured), Queens, and Staten Island. MDSA is
designing another pre-K structure, this time in Brooklyn, its latest
project for the New York City School Construction Authority. The
project is ground-up construction that will have 14 classrooms
for 252 students. The four existing centers, from which the new
building will likely take its design cues, are between 12,000 sf and
17,000 sf. Each maximizes natural light in the classrooms and
multipurpose rooms, and provides visual connections between
the spaces. Also on the Building Team for the Brooklyn project:
Weidlinger Associates (SE), Loring Consulting Engineers (MEP),
and Langan Engineering & Environmental Services (CE).
APRIL 2016
CANADAS LARGEST MUSICAL TEACHING

INSTITUTION PREMIERES IN CALGARY
The Taylor Centre for the Performing Arts, a 97,000-sf musical
teaching institution that is the largest in Canada, is now open at
Calgarys Mount Royal University. The structure, designed by Pfeiffer
Partners (design architect) and Auerbach Pollock Friedlander (theater
design), contains the 773-seat Bella Concert Hall, which will be used
for a variety of music styles, from traditional orchestra to jazz. The
hall integrates more than 9,800 sf of deployable banners and panels
into the walls and ceiling to adjust the reverberation time from 2.6
seconds to 1.4 seconds. The structure contains ensemble studios,
multiuse event spaces, teaching and rehearsal studios, percussion
studios, student lounges, and an early childhood instructional suite.
Advanced HVAC technology was used to help with the acoustic
isolation of the individual rooms and studios.
www.BDCnetwork.com
SKIDMORE, OWINGS & MERRILL; BRUCE DAMONTE
SAMSUNG RESEARCHS NATURAL TECH

CAMPUS ACHIEVES LEED GOLD STATUS
Spread across two buildings and totaling 380,000 sf, the
Skidmore, Owings & Merrilldesigned interior of the Samsung
Research America campus, located in Mountain View, Calif., has
been awarded LEED Gold certication. The idea of natural tech
bringing elements of nature into high-tech environmentswas
used in this project and is evidenced by the bountiful natural light,
views of the surrounding Diablo Range and Santa Cruz Mountains
for all employees, and interiors that incorporate a palette of
subdued natural colors. The design stretched across ofce spaces,
meeting rooms, a cafeteria, and a tness center, and incorporated
LED lighting and underoor air distribution throughout. Also on
the Building Team: Nishkian Menninger (SE), Glumac (MEP), HLB
Lighting (lighting consultant), and Devon Construction (GC).
STUDENT HOUSING ATTEMPTS TO RESEMBLE

STYLISH NIGHTCLUB, LAKESIDE CABIN
Cuningham Group Architecture has nished work on two new
student housing developments at the University of Minnesotas
Twin Cities campus in Minneapolis. Each structure incorporates
a distinct design theme: a stylish nightclub for The 700 on
Washington, and a lakeside cabin for Radius at 15th. The 700
on Washington (pictured) has 98 units of market-rate student
housing, a tness center, and a fth-oor clubroom with bar
seating to create a nightclub feel. The 231-unit, 630-bed Radius
at 15th has outdoor amenities that include exercise areas, grilling
zones, and a beach. The Building Team for 700 on Washington:
BKBM Engineers (SE), Design Build (MEP), and Reuter Walton
Construction (GC). Radius at 15th: BKBM Engineers (SE), Steen
Engineering (MEP), and Frana Cos. (GC).
APRIL 2016
67
products
AT WORK
BY DAVID MALONE, ASSOCIATE EDITOR
MINNESOTA VIKINGS STADIUM WILL FEATURE

CLEAN EDGES WITH DRYWALL FINISHING SYSTEM
The Minnesota Vikings new $1 billion stadium has a striking design,
the largest transparent roof in the country, and the capacity to t around
65,000 people when it is completed. But that doesnt mean the team
can just forget about the basics, like drywall. The massive project is using Trim-Tex Flat Tear Away, Tear Away L Bead, and Fast Cap products
to nish drywall edges at the stadium. Flat Tear Away is most commonly
used to create a nished edge where drywall terminates at building

components, such as windows and doors. Fast Cap eliminates the need
for the drywall face and two corner beads when nishing doorways. The
stadium is scheduled for completion in July.
Trim-Tex
SAN FRANCISCOS LEVIS STADIUM FIRST SPORTS

FACILITY TO USE ELECTROCHROMIC GLASS
Remember those prescription glasses that would automatically tint
when you went outside on a bright day? Well, Levis Stadium, the home
of the San Francisco 49ers, just got a pair of those. What was already
the most technologically advanced stadium in the country now has View
Dynamic Glass windows. The glass maximizes natural light and provides
unobstructed views, reduces heat and glare, and saves on energy
costs. The windows tint automatically based on outdoor conditions, or
can be controlled manually via a mobile device. View Dynamic Glass is
regular glass with ve layers of metal oxide (each layer measuring only
1
/50 of a human hair) deposited on it. When an electric charge is applied
to the layers, it causes the glass to tint. It can also tint automatically
based on readings from a light sensor and real-time updates from multiple weather sources, after taking into account the latitude, longitude,
and orientation of the building.
View Dynamic Glass

DONT THROW STONES IN THIS BOSTON HOTEL.

THE BATHROOM WALLS ARE GLASS
Most hotel rooms look exactly the same. Cookie-cutter layouts are mixed
with cheap furniture and strange hotel art that typically features dolphins
or a house on a beach. But the Envoy Hotel in Boston has made an
effort to change this stereotype with the unique design element of glass
bathroom walls and shower enclosures that have been digitally printed
with historic maps and white privacy bands. These walls and enclosures
were made possible thanks to General Glass Internationals Alice printing
technology. The process allows for the maps and bands to be printed
with custom opacity on -inch-thick, low-iron sliding bathroom doors and
shower enclosures. The custom opacity of these doors and enclosures
allows for a balance of privacy and light. In addition, the doors, which
double as two walls of the bathroom when closed, were installed on a
heavy-duty sliding trolley system, allowing for the images to remain visible
regardless of whether the doors are open or closed.
General Glass International

68
APRIL 2016
www.BDCnetwork.com
CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM PROVIDES GREAT VIEWS

AT NASHVILLES GULCH CROSSING COMPLEX
A Wausau Window and Wall Systems high-performance curtain wall was used for the new
205,000-sf, eight-story Gulch Crossing building in Nashville, Tenn. The LEED Silver complex provides occupants with oor-to-ceiling panoramic views of the Music City. More than
46,000 sf of SuperWall and INvision curtain wall systems were installed. The glass was
pre-glazed (versus at the job site) to reduce time and labor costs in the eld, and to ensure
that the systems intended performance is achieved. More than 40 units were installed each
day. Wausaus INvision 7250i-HRX unitized curtain wall has a polyamide thermal barrier
that provides enhanced condensation performance and low U-factor, helping to reduce the
buildings HVAC peak loads and associated energy costs.
Wausau Window and Wall Systems

PHOTO:
LIVING WALL COMBINES STRIKING AESTHETICS

WITH WELLNESS-BASED FUNCTION
The Sodecia Global Tech and Automation Center was seeking a
sustainable design element for its new showroom space in London,
Ontario. Endri Poletti Architect Inc. worked with Nedlaw to design a
two-story living wall biolter. The 640-sf living wall provides cleansed
air for the ofce building and serves as a focal point in the modern
space. The living wall is actually a working machinean indoor air
biolter. Each unit is a vertical hydroponic plant wall. Dirty indoor
air is drawn into the wall and through the synthetic growth material,
where benecial microbes consume pollutants as food. The air draw
can be created through on-board fans or through integration with
the buildings HVAC system, as is the case with the Sodecia project.
The ltered air is returned to the building as clean as outdoor air. By
supplying a signicant amount of clean air, these biolters can reduce
a buildings fresh air intake requirementoutdoor air that has to be
heated and humidied in winter.
Nedlaw Living Walls

WORLDS GREENEST HIGH-RISE COMBINES SUNGATE,

STARPHIRE GLASS TO SLASH HEATING EXPENSES
The Tower at PNC Plaza in Pittsburgh, Pa., is billed as the worlds greenest highrise. It uses a double-skin faade that will naturally ventilate the building for more
than 40% of the year. But that isnt the only trick the tower has up its sleeve.
This is where PPG Industries Sungate and Starphire glass come in. Sungate is
a low-e glass with a passive solar control coating that helps to reduce heating expenses. The glass does this by helping buildings retain solar and furnace
heat, thanks to its Magnetron Sputter Vacuum Deposition (MSVD) coating. The
Sungate glass is combined with Starphire, an ultra-clear oat glass, into standard
one-inch insulating glass units. When joined, the glass has visible light transmittance of 80% and a solar heat gain coefcient of 0.68. In addition to helping with
the heating costs, the glass solution is designed to emit high levels of daylight
year-round to reduce lighting costs.
PPG Industries
APRIL 2016
69
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directory
BUSINESS STAFF
ADVERTISER INDEX
Page
number
Page
number
Circle
number
GROUP DIRECTOR PRINCIPAL

Tony Mancini, 610.688.5553, tmancini@sgcmail.com
Advance Lifts
762
Lightfair International
INTEGRATED MEDIA ADVISOR

John Rogier, 847.391.1053, jrogier@sgcmail.com
States: CT, DC, DE, MA, MD, ME, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI,
VT, WV, VA
BASF Corporation
Benjamin Moore
13
759
BC,73 782,775
Mortar Net Solutions

NCFI Polyurethanes
10
756
4,12 752,758
CENTRIA
Dow Corning
40,73 770,774
54
773
Nichiha USA
PFlow Industries
20,21 764,765
73
779

Bill Black, 267.483.8788, bblack@sgcmail.com
States: NY
INTEGRATED MEDIA ADVISOR PRINCIPAL
Jeff Elliott, 616.846.4633, jelliott@sgcmail.com
States: AL, AR, FL, GA, IL, KS, KY, LA, MI, MN, MO, MS,
NC, ND, NE, OH, OK, SC, SD, TN, TX, Eastern Canada
Ron Hewett, 970.635.5695, rhewett@sgcmail.com
States: AZ, CA, CO, IA, ID, IN, MT, NM, NV, OK, OR,
TX, UT, WA, WI, WY, Western Canada
16
53
780
Easi-Set Industries
Eaton
73
5
777
753
Petersen Aluminum
SAFTI FIRST
IFC
9
751
755
Firestone Building Products

Georgia-Pacic
15
11
761
757
SageGlass
Sunbrella
IBC
39
781
769
Huber Engineered Woods

Irontown Housing Company
48
43
772
771
Uponor
Valspar Corporation
29
766
6,73 754,776
Kawneer
31
LP Engineered Wood Products 37
767
768
ZipWall
Laminators
17,73 763,778
14
760
*Regional/Demographic ad
The advertiser index is published as an additional service.
The publisher does not assume any liability for omissions or errors.
FIRM/ASSOCIATION INDEX
DIGITAL SALES DIRECTOR

Adam Grubb, 317.219.7546, agrubb@sgcmail.com
AECOM ................................ 34
Design Build ......................... 67
NBBJ ................................... 45
AKRF.................................... 19
Devon Construction ............... 67
Nishkian Menninger .............. 67
INSIDE SALES MANAGER

Maggie Zmija, 847.954.7935, mzmija@sgcmail.com
American Institute of Architects ... 8
Dirtworks.............................. 18
Open Architecture Collaborative .. 13
Apex Studio Suarez ............... 30
DSDG Architects ................... 30
Oxford Economics ................. 16
Archer Western Construction ... 18
Engineered Wood Association ... 50
Passero Associates ............... 45
Architecture Research Office.... 19
Eppstein Uhen Architects ....... 38
Payette Associates ................ 30
Architekton ........................... 23
Frana Cos............................. 67
Perkins Eastman ................... 16
Arup..................................... 45
Gensler .......................... 23, 35
Perkins+Will ......................... 23
ASHRAE ............................... 50
Glumac ................................ 67
Pfeiffer Partners.................... 66
Associated General
GRAEF.................................. 18
Populous .............................. 38
Contractors of America ...... 49
Harley Ellis Devereaux ........... 23
PRIM Construction ................ 18
Auerbach Pollock Friedlander... 66
HLB Lighting ......................... 67
Quinn Evans ......................... 23
Ballinger ............................... 24
HLW International .................. 28
Reuter Walton Construction ... 67
Barton Marlow ...................... 23
HNTB ................................... 33
Rockefeller Foundation .......... 16
BKBM Engineers ................... 67
HOK ..................................... 34
SERA Architects .................... 28
Blackjack Lighting ................. 45
Home Innovation Research Labs .. 52
Shawmut Design and
BR+A ................................... 18
Hunter Roberts
ADMINISTRATIVE, EDUCATION, AND

AWARDS COORDINATOR
Tina Kanter, 847.391.1054, tkanter@sgcmail.com
ADVERTISING COORDINATOR
Lyn Hennessey, 847.954.7968, lhennessey@sgcmail.com
REPRINTS
Tina Kanter, 847.391.1054, tkanter@sgcmail.com
SUBSCRIPTION INQUIRIES
Circulation Department
Fax subscription changes to: 877.683.2064
Construction ...................... 19
BrightTree Studios................. 24
Construction Group ............ 24
Shepley Bulfinch ............. 24, 30
Buro Happold........................ 19
HWKN .................................. 24
Simpson Gumpertz & Heger ... 55
BWBR .................................. 19
KSS Architects ...................... 24
Skanska USA ........................ 21
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CallisonRTKL .................. 14, 18
Langan Engineering &
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill ... 67
CannonDesign ................ 23, 45
Environmental Services ...... 66
Snhetta............................... 26
Chazen Cos. ......................... 18
Lawson Group, The ............... 30
SoraaLaser ........................... 47
CMD Group .......................... 16
Loring Consulting Engineers ... 66
Steen Engineering ................. 67
CO Architects ....................... 28
Manica Architecture .............. 35
Studio Gang ......................... 21
Collaborative for High
MDSzerbaty Associates ......... 66
Sweet Sparkman Architects ... 30
Performance Schools ......... 16
Mortenson Construction ... 16, 23
Trademark Property Co.......... 18
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Colliers International Group.... 12
Moseley Architects ................ 24
Turner Construction Co.... 25, 41
Concord Electric ................... 45
National Institute of
Weidlinger Associates ........... 66
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CRA Architects...................... 21
Corgan ................................. 28
Cuningham Group Architecture... 67
72
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APRIL 2016
Standards and Technology... 50

National Kitchen and
Bath Association ................ 16
Willis Construction ................ 30

ZAS Architects + Interiors ..... 28
Zeidler Partnership................ 26
www.BDCnetwork.com
Formulated to meet the needs of

professional contractors: Smooth application,
quick dry-time & fast job turnaround
To nd your local Benjamin Moore retailer
visit benjaminmoore.com
Proven color.
Proven innovation.
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Valspars Fluropon offers outstanding color consistency,
innovative new color space with Fluropon Effects and
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*Based on an independently conducted 2014 survey of 453 professional painters who were questioned about the paint
product they last used. Zero VOC according to EPA Method 24. 2016 Benjamin Moore & Co. Benjamin Moore, Green Promise,
Paint like no other, Ultra Spec and the triangle M symbol are registered trademarks licensed to Benjamin Moore & Co.
Circle 775
Formawall Graphix Series

withDirectional Reveals
Circle 776
GO BEYOND THE PANEL

...AND GO TO THE NEXT LEVEL.
CENTRIAs Formawall Graphix Series

now improved with Directional Reveals
is a single insulated metal panel that
can be customized to look like up
to24smaller ones. With the ability to
combine horizontal, vertical and even diagonal reveals,
theunique, complex patterns you can create are
limited only by where you draw the line.
GoBeyondThePanel.com
To learn more, visit CENTRIAperformance.com/Graphix

orcall1.800.250.8675
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Circle 774
Omega-Lite ACM
Panel Systems
Circle 778
IECC/ASHRAE Energy Code Compliant

A complete building panel, inside and out
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ULTRA HI-PERFORMANCE
Architectural Precast Concrete/Steel Stud Cladding Panels
&DOOwww.SlenderWall.com
Circle 777
REPRINTS.
YOUR MOST EFFICIENT

SALES TOOL.
Event Handouts | Direct Mail | Employee Training
Objective, respected third-party coverage of your company

is a powerful endorsement.
For reprint pricing and custom options, contact Tina Kanter at
tkanter@sgcmail.com.
Circle 779
BD C MARKETPLACE
9 OUT OF 10 CONTRACTORS AGREE

ULTRA SPEC 500 SAVES TIME
AND EFFORT ON THE JOB*
PRODUCT
solutions
DRAINAGE AND METAL LATH

SYSTEM SIMPLIFIES INSTALLATION
Designed for use with thin brick, stone, stucco, and other types of
adhered masonry, the LathNet drainage plane and metal lath system
from Mortar Net Solutions offers a faster, easier installation method
than installing lath and drainage mesh separately, according to the
maker. LathNet can be attached with staples, nails, or screws. It
offers full lath encapsulation without clogging the drainage plane, and
unrestricted air and moisture ow behind the lath to help promote
rapid draining and drying. The drainage mesh acts as a mortar barrier
to prevent bridging.
Mortar Net Solutions

FAUCET ADAPTS
TO NEW USERS
WITH DUAL-BEAM
IR SENSOR
DURABLE, WATER-RESISTANT
FLOORING KEEPS ITS SHAPE
Lucida Surfaces new laminate ooring never swells or
warps. The companys timberCore ooring features mBrace,
a casing for each plank that provides 100% water resistance
and better air exchange to prevent mold and mildew growth.
The planks are made from premium pressed natural wood
and have locking mechanism tabs, called nuClick, along
the sides. This makes the oors 10 times more durable
than other brands, and makes installation at least 25%
faster, according to the maker. Removing and re-installing
the movement-free planks is easy and will not damage the
ooring products.
Lucida Surfaces
With a hands-free, dual-beam

infrared sensor, Chicago
Faucets E-Tronic 40
faucet cuts down on false
activations, which saves
water costs. The unit has sensors
that allow it to adjust quickly to different
types of users. Multiple programmable
operating modes make it a t for a variety of
bathroom layouts. Above-deck components
and remote diagnostic features make
maintenance and programming a breeze. The
equipment is hermetically sealed to prevent
tampering. Lithium batteries power the faucet.
Chicago Faucets
74
APRIL 2016
www.BDCnetwork.com
LOOK AGAIN.
THE CLASS
AVERAGE JUST
GOT 20% BRIGHTER.
Studies show that students learn 20% faster in a classroom with natural light. Thats why dynamically
tintable SageGlass lets in unobstructed sunlight while blocking unwanted glare and heat. Because
when we put as much thought into the learning environment as the lesson plan, students thrive.
sageglass.com/edu
FROST SCHOOL OF MUSIC AT
UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
HOK ARCHITECTS
201 6 SA
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2016
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Circle 781
9 OUT OF 10 CONTRACTORS AGREE

ULTRA SPEC 500 SAVES TIME
AND EFFORT ON THE JOB*
Formulated to meet the needs of

professional contractors: Smooth application,
quick dry-time & fast job turnaround
To nd your local Benjamin Moore retailer visit benjaminmoore.com
*Based on an independently conducted 2014 survey of 453 professional painters who were questioned about the paint
product they last used. Zero VOC according to EPA Method 24. 2016 Benjamin Moore & Co. Benjamin Moore, Green Promise,
Paint like no other, Ultra Spec and the triangle M symbol are registered trademarks licensed to Benjamin Moore & Co.
Circle 782

BD+C April2016

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