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LECTURE SEVEN
LECTURE SEVEN
Instructional Objectives:
Given data on hot and cold streams, you should be able to:
Compute the pinch temperatures
Compute MER targets
Design a simple HEN to meet the MER targets
Design:
What is optimal?
Implies a trade-off between CAPITAL COSTS (Cost of
equipment) and ENERGY COSTS (Cost of utilities).
6
LECTURE SEVEN
Example
out
out
Steam
Cooling
Water
out
C T
out
Tin
Tin
Tin
Tin
Tout
Tin
Tin
out
Tout
Tout
Steam
Tout
Cooling
Water
Tout
Tin
Tin
Tout
Tin
Tout
Tin
Tin
Tin
Numerical Example
150o
150o
100
100
150o
CP = 1.0
300
Cooling
Water (90-110oF)
100
o
CP = 1.0 300
CP = 1.0
Steam (400oF)
100
200o
100
200o
100
200o
300o
500
500
CP = 1.0
CP = 1.0
Design B:
(AREA) = 13.3
Design A:
(AREA) = 20.4
[ A = Q/UTlm ]
150o
500
150o
CP = 1.0
o
CP = 1.0 300
CP = 1.0
CP = 1.0
300
200o
100
300
100
CP = 1.0
200o
100
o
500
500
150o
CP = 1.0
200
500
CP = 1.0
LECTURE SEVEN
Some Definitions
T
T
TS
TT
H
CP
TS
H
Tmin
- Example
70o
80o
60o
100o
50o
A
10
60o
100o
40o
B
LECTURE SEVEN
Definitions (Contd)
OK
Exchanger Duty.
Data:
T1 = 70o
60o
100o
40o
OK
Class Exercise 1
Cond
C1
80
H=100
180
60o
Tmin = 10 oC
R2
H=160
Reb
100o
40o
12
TS
( C)
TT
(oC)
H1
H2
C1
C2
180
130
60
30
80
40
100
120
CP
H
o
C)
(kW/
(kW)
100
1.0
180
2.0
160
4.0
162
1.8
130o
H=180
R1
Stream
120o
H=162
LECTURE SEVEN
C1
180o
60o
100
80o
R2
60
H
Reb
130o
Steam
CW
Units
60 kW
18 kW
R1
100o
Are 60 kW of Steam
Necessary?
120
o
162
C 18
30o
40o
13
T
130oC
200oC
40oC
100oC
H=180
14
H=300
H=100
LECTURE SEVEN
Steam
Tmin = 20
10
Steam
120oC
110oC
100oC
CW
30
QCmin = 50
QHmin = 50
70
Cond
C1
80
H=100
60
H interval
180oC
180o
CP=1.0
50
130 C
150
80oC
R2
CP=2.0
40oC
80
H=160
Reb
100o
40o
16
180oC
o
120 130 C
130o
H=180
R1
o
H=162
CP=1.0
CP=3.0
150
80oC
30o
40oC
50
CP=2.0
80
7 - Intro HEN Synthesis
LECTURE SEVEN
H interval
120oC
H=100
Cond
C1
80
60
180
CP=1.8
100oC
232
60oC
R2
CP=4.0
30oC
H=160
Reb
100o
130o
40
120oC
R1
CP=1.8
100oC
120o
H=180
60 C
30
17
CP=5.8
H=162
36
36
232
54
CP=1.8
30oC
54
Result:
QCmin and QHmin for
desired Tmin
QHmin = 54
48
130oC
100oC
MER Target
80 C
20ooC
T
=
Tmin
min = 10 C
60oC
QQ
Cmin
Cmin==6 12
Here,
hot pinch is at 70 oC,
cold pinch is at 60 oC
QHmin = 48 kW and
QCmin = 6 kW
LECTURE SEVEN
T
Heat
Source
QHmin
+x
Tmin
Heat
Sink
PINCH
x
QCmin
+x
100
C1
Steam
CW
Units
~49 kW
~7 kW
R1
Reb
H 49
111
62
C 7
20
10
LECTURE SEVEN
HEN Representation
Cond
C1
100
o
60 C
180oC
80oC
H1
R2
H2
130oC
100oC
o
100 C
Reb
130oC
H 49
111
R1
120 C
40 C
C 7
49
111
100
40oC
60oC
C1
30 C
C2
62
30oC
21
C
7
120oC
62
o
80oC
180oC
H1
H2
H
Thot
Thot
Tcold
Tcold
Tcold
Tcold
C1
C2
11
LECTURE SEVEN
Class Exercise 2
H2
H1
320o
o
C1 240
o
C2 140
480o
210
100
170
CW
320
CP = 1.0
CP = 1.5
CP
o
480 C
500oC
200 C
1.8
290oC
2.0
240oC
C1
1.0
C2
1.5
320 C
23
500o
290o
200o
CP = 1.8 CP = 2.0
H2
50
116
320oC
H1
140 C
24
12
LECTURE SEVEN
CP
170oC
60 C
3.0
150oC
30oC
1.5
H1
H2
135oC
20oC
C1
2.0
C2
4.0
140 C
80 C
H1
3.0
1.5
90 C
90 C
30oC
135oC
80oC
80oC
20oC
140oC
80oC
150 C
CP
60oC
H2
13
90oC
26
90oC
C2
C1
2.0
4.0
LECTURE SEVEN
H1
3.0
H2
1.5
C1
2.0
C2
4.0
Tmin
Meets Tmin
Violates
Tminconstraint
constraint
27
H1
QHmin = 20 kW 9
H2
150o
90o
170o
90
135o
140
H
20
80o
90
3.0
80
1.5
C1
2.0
C2
4.0
240
28
14
LECTURE SEVEN
H1
3.0
H2
1.5
C1
Tmin
2.0
Violates
Meets
TT
constraint
constraint
minmin
29
H1
H2
90
60
90o
C
60
80o
35o
90
30o
20o
C1
3.0
1.5
QCmin = 60 kW 9
2.0
30
30
15
LECTURE SEVEN
H1
H2
170
90
140
60
90o
150o
135o
H
20
70o
80o
125o
90
35o
90
30
C
60
20o
80o
30o
3.0
1.5
C1
2.0
C2
4.0
240
32
16
LECTURE SEVEN
Class Exercise 3
Stream
TS
(oC)
TT
(oC)
H1
H2
C1
C2
180
130
60
30
80
40
100
120
CP
H
o
(kW) (kW/ C)
100
1.0
180
2.0
160
4.0
162
1.8
Tmin = 10 oC.
Utilities:
Steam@150 oC, CW@25oC
Design a network of steam heaters,
water coolers and exchangers for
the process streams. Where
possible, use exchangers in
preference to utilities.
CP
180oC
H1
80oC
70oC
40 C
100 C
60oC
60oC
120oC
60oC
30oC
QHmin=48
H2
130 C
33
1.0
2.0
C1
4.0
C2
1.8
QCmin=6
Stream
TS
(oF)
TT
(oF)
(kBtu/h)
(kBtu/h oF)
H1
H2
C1
C2
260
250
120
180
160
130
235
240
3000
1800
2300
2400
30
15
20
40
CP
Tmin = 10 oF.
Step 1: Temperature Intervals
(subtract Tmin from hot temperatures)
Temperature intervals:
250F 240F 235F 180F 150F 120F
34
17
LECTURE SEVEN
Interval
1
2
3
4
5
6
35
C2 Ti Ti+1
250
240
235
180
150
120
10
5
55
30
30
CPHot
CPCold
H i
30
5
15
25
5
300
25
825
750
150
T1 = 250oF
QH
Assume
QH = 0
Eliminate infeasible
(negative) heat transfer
QH = 500
H = 300
o
Q1
300
800
325
825
-500
250
750
100
600
T2 = 240 F
H = 25
o
Q2
T3 = 235 F
H = -825
o
Q3
T4 = 180 F
H = 750
This defines:
Cold pinch temp. = 180 oF
QHmin = 500 kBtu/h
QCmin = 600 kBtu/h
36
18
Q4
T5 = 150 F
H = -150
T6 = 120oF
QC
LECTURE SEVEN
TS
(oC)
TT
(oC)
H1
H2
C1
C2
180
130
60
30
80
40
100
120
CP
H
o
(kW) (kW/ C)
100
1.0
180
2.0
160
4.0
162
1.8
Tmin = 10 oC.
Calculate the Problem Table.
Predict QHmin and QCmin.
Draw the Enthalpy Cascade.
37
Ti
Ti Ti+1
CPHot
CPCold
Hi
1
2
3
4
5
6
38
19
LECTURE SEVEN
QH
Eliminate infeasible
(negative) heat transfer
QH =
Assume
QH = 0
=
H =
Q1
T2 =
H =
Q2
T3 =
H =
Q3
T4 =
H =
This defines:
Cold pinch temp. =
kW
QHmin =
kW
QCmin =
39
Q4
T5 =
oC
H =
QC
QC
T6 =
40
20