Revolts in Latin America Notes

Discontent Fans the Fires

1. Social and Ethnic Structures Cause Resentment
By the late 1700s, the revolutionary fever that gripped
Western Europe spread to Latin America.
Discontent was rooted in the social, racial, and political
system that emerged during 300 years of Spanish rule.
Peninsulares-

________________________________________________________
Creoles________________________________________________________
Mestizos________________________________________________________
Mulattoes________________________________________________________
2. The Enlightenment Inspires Latin Americans
Young creoles were inspired by ______________________
________________________________________________________
but despite their admiration they were reluctant
_________
Simon Bolivar________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. Napoleon Invades Spain
Where did creoles get many of their revolutionary
ideas?

Slaves Win Freedom for Haiti

1. Toussaint LOuverture Leads a Slave Revolt
The island of Hispaniola(Haiti) was ruled by the French.
Planters owned very profitable sugar plantations
worked by
_____________________________________________________
In 1791, embittered by suffering and inspired by ideas
of liberty and equality, the islands slaves rose up in
revolt.
Toussaint LOuverture__________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

By 1798, the rebels achieved their goals

a.
________________________________________________________
b.
_______________________________________________________
2. Haiti Wins Independence
How?
________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
In January 1804, the island declared itself to be an
___________________________ under the name ___________

 Finally in 1820, Haiti becomes a _____________________

How were slaves instrumental in achieving Haitis
independence?
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
_______________

Mexico and Central America Revolt

1. Father Hidalgo Cries Out for Reform
Father Miguel Hidalgo________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Hidalgo called for a.
____________________________________
and b. _________________________________________________
Creoles felt these policies would cost them
______________
Hidalgo was eventually captured and executed
2. Jos Morelos Continues the Fight
Father Jose Morelos____________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
For four years Morelos led rebel forces before he, too,
was captured and shot in 1815.
3. Mexico Wins Independence

 Agustin de Iturbide________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
__
Backed by creoles, mestizos, and Native Americans he
overthrew the Spanish viceroy.
Mexico gained __________________________.
4. New Republics Emerge in Central America
Spanish-ruled lands declared independence in the early
1820s.
Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, and
Costa Rica all became independent republics.
How did events in Spain affect the fight for Mexican
independence?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Revolution Ignites South America

1. Bolvar Begins the Fight
In 1819, Bolivar led an army to attack the Spanish at
Bogota, Colombia.
Other victories followed. By 1821, Bolivar succeeded in
freeing________________________________________________
From that point on Bolivar was referred to as
______________________________
2. San Martn Joins the Fight
Jose San Martn______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

By 1824, the new nation of Gran Colombia was free.

However, rivalries turned to civil war and it split into

_______________________________________________________________

3. Freedom Leads to Power Struggles

Bolivar is left disappointed because
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. Brazil Gains Independence
Dom Pedro____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Brazil remained a monarchy until 1889.
How were the goals of the South American
revolutions different from their results?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_________________________________