Jack and Jill is constantly uncertain as to how they

feel about each other.

Whenever Jill is infatuated with Jack, Jack
detests Jill.
And when Jill falls out of love with Jack, he
changes his mind, and begins to love her once
again.

 Jills feelings tend to trace Jacks; whenever he

likes her, her interest in him increases, and
when he shows disinterest, her affections for
him diminish.
Using differential equations, the pattern of their
affections can be graphed to show when affections
are mutual, when affections are non-existent, and
when the two share unrequited love.

Jill loses interest

y t

if

Jack hates her

if

x t is negative

dy / dt 0

if

x t 0

Jill gains interest

if

y t increases

if

x t is positive

dy / dt 0

if

x t 0

decreases

Jack loves her

We know of two functions that behave like this:

x t cos t
y t sin t
Other model:

x t A sin t B cos t
y t B sin t A cos t

Recall
The definite integral

gives the area of a plane region.

We have approximated this area using the Riemann sum

where
If we use the right endpoint as the sample point, we have

If we use the left endpoint, we have

Approximation
Thus, the value of the definite integral can be approximated by
the following:

Trapezoidal Rule
This results from getting the average of the two previous
approximations.

Trapezoidal Rule

where

Example
Approximate

using the Trapezoidal Rule and n = 4.

Simpsons Rule

where n is even and

Example
Approximate

using the Simpsons Rule and n = 4.

Comparison
The definite integral

is approximated as follows:

Using Trapezoidal Rule with n = 4

Using Simpsons Rule with n = 4

Note: The real value is

Remarks
The approximation improves as n increases.
The Simpsons Rule gives a better approximation than
Trapezoidal Rule.

Example
Approximate

Using Trapezoidal Rule

with n = 4.

Example
Using Simpsons Rule

- - STOP HERE - Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

20

Exercise:
Definite
Integral
25

3rd Long
Exam

26

No class

Thursday

21

Exercise:
Area

Friday

22

Review