CODE:

DEFENCE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of production Engineering
Mid Semester Examination
YEAR III, SEMESTER I
DATE OF EXAM: - November 21, 2015
TIME ALLOTTED: - 3:00 hrs
MAXIMIUM MARK: -30 POINTS
COURSE TITLE
COURSE CODE
CREDIT HOURS

Mechanical vibrations
PE -4011
3-2-3

TO BE FILLED BY STUDENTS:
NAME:.
ID. NO:YEARGROUP NO:.
PROGRAM: .
SPECIALIZATION:

Instruction:

This examination paper contains 6 questions in3 pages including cover page.
Read the questions in detail and Answer them briefly.
Use a neat sketch where it is necessary.
Use scientific calculator where it is necessary.
The use of mobile phone is strictly forbidden in the exam class.

Good luck!!!
Question
Maximum mark
Achieved mark

1
2

2
2

3
2

CODE:
4
3

5
9

6
7

TOTAL
25 %

1. Explained the following terms of vibration.

(2points)
a) Natural frequency
b) Resonance
c) Degree of freedom
d) Amplitude.
2. List and Explain briefly about the procedures involved in vibration analysis.
(2 points)
3. Show that the logarithmic decrement of damped free vibration is

(2 points)
4. A block of mass M=8kg is suspended from a spring having a stiffness
k=80N/m. If the block is given an upward velocity V=0.4m/s when it is
distance d=0.9m above its equilibrium position, determine the equation
which describes the motion and the maximum upward displacement of the
block measured from the equilibrium position. Assume that the positive
displacement is measured downward.
(3 points)
5. Derive the responses of spring, mass and viscously damped single-degree-offreedom system subjected to harmonic force F(t) = Fo cos(t+).
The initial condition for the system is:
(9 points)
6. Figure below shows a simple model of a motor vehicle that can vibrate in the
vertical direction while traveling over a rough road. The vehicle has a mass of
1200 kg. The suspension system has a spring constant of 400 kN/m and a
damping ratio of = 0.5. If the vehicle speed is 20 km/hr. Determine:
a) The displacement amplitude of the vehicle
(3 points)
b) The displacement transmissibility of the vibrating system
(2 points)
c) Force transmitted to the base from the system
(2 points)
The road surface varies sinusoidally with amplitude of Y=0.05m and a wavelength
of = 6 m

Fig 1: model of Vehicle moving over a rough road.

Solution for vibration mid exam

#1.
a) The frequency at which a system oscillates when not subjected to a
continuous or repeated external force. Natural frequency. If a system, after
an initial disturbance, is left to vibrate on its own, the frequency with which
it oscillates without external forces is known as its natural frequency.

b) Resonance is a phenomenon that occurs when a vibrating system or external

force drives another system to oscillate with greater amplitude at a specific
preferential frequency.
c) Degree of freedom: The minimum number of independent coordinates
required to determine completely the positions of all parts of vibrating
system at any instant of time defines the number of degrees of freedom of
the system.
d) Amplitude. The maximum displacement of a vibrating body from its
equilibrium position is called the amplitude of vibration. In Figs. 1.46 and
1.47 the amplitude of vibration is equal to A.
#2.
The analysis of a vibrating system usually involves mathematical modeling,
derivation of the governing equations, solution of the equations, and interpretation
of the results.
Step 1: Mathematical Modeling. The purpose of mathematical modeling is to
represent all the important features of the system for the purpose of deriving the
mathematical (or analytical) equations governing the system s behavior. The
mathematical model should include enough details to allow describing the system
in terms of equations without making it too complex.
Step 2: Derivation of Governing Equations. Once the mathematical model is
available, we use the principles of dynamics and derive the equations that describe
the vibration of the system. The equations of motion can be derived conveniently
by drawing the free-body diagrams of all the masses involved. The free-body
diagram of a mass can be obtained by isolating the mass and indicating all
externally applied forces, the reactive forces, and the inertia forces. The equations
of motion of a vibrating system are usually in the form of a set of ordinary
differential equations for a discrete system and partial differential equations for a
continuous system. Among them is Newton s second law of motion,
D Alemberts principle and the principle of conservation of energy.
Step 3: Solution of the Governing Equations. The equations of motion must be
solved to find the response of the vibrating system. Depending on the nature of the
problem, we can use one of the following techniques for finding the solution:
standard methods of solving differential equations, Laplace transform methods,
matrix methods,1 and numerical methods. If the governing equations are nonlinear,

they can seldom be solved in closed form. Furthermore, the solution of partial
differential equations is far more involved than that of ordinary differential
equations. Numerical methods involving computers can be used to solve the
equations. However, it will be difficult to draw general conclusions about the
behavior of the system using computer results.
Step 4: Interpretation of the Results. The solution of the governing equations
gives the displacements, velocities, and accelerations of the various masses of the
system. These results must be interpreted with a clear view of the purpose of the
analysis and the possible design implications of the results.
#3.
The logarithmic decrement represents the rate at which the amplitude of a freedamped vibration decreases. It is defined as the natural logarithm of the ratio of
any two successive amplitudes. Let t1 and t2 denote the times corresponding to
two consecutive amplitudes

The logarithmic decrement can be obtained

#4.

5. Response of a Damped System under Harmonic Force

If the forcing function is given by F (t) =

Fo

Cos

(t+).

The equation of motion can be obtained using Newton s second law:

..(1)

..(2)
Equation (2) represents the free vibration of the system. Thus the homogenous
solution for equation becomes
....(3)
Where X0 f0are constants to be determined from intial condtions.
The particular solution of Eq. (1) is also expected to be harmonic; we assume it in
the
form
....
..(4)
Where X and are constants to be determined. X and denote the amplitude and
phase angle
of the response, respectively.

After defining the following terms:

The quantity is M/st called the magnification factor, amplification factor, or

amplitude ratio.

Graphical representation of the response

Total Response

To

find

X0

and

Applying this initial conditions

Thus finally we get

6.

the

initial

conditions

required

This indicates that a 5-cm bump in the road is transmitted as a 5.5-cm bump to the
chassis and the passengers of the car. Thus in the present case the passengers feel
an amplified motion.