Citation in text

IN-TEXT CITATION

CORRESPONDING REFERENCE LIST ENTRY

One Work by One Author

According to Taylor (2000, p.
258), the personalities of .

Taylor, M. M. (2000). Study of personalities and

character. Journal of Psychology, 93 (1), 257-267.

OR
In a study of personalities and
character (Taylor, 2000, p.
258)
One Work by Two Authors
Serlin and Lapsley (1985)

Serlin, R. C., & Lapsley, D. K. (1985). Rationality in

discovered the problems

psychological research: The good-enough

OR

principle. American Psychologist, 40, 73-83.

A survey on the problems in

(Serlin & Lapsley, 1985).
One Work by Multiple Authors
Skinner, Cornell, Sun, and

Skinner, M. E., Cornell, R. C., Sun, K. F., & Harlow, R.

Harlow (1993) did a survey on

P. (1993). Small group learning. Psychological

Bulletin, 26, 57-63.

OR
A survey showed that..
(Skinner, Cornell, Sun, &
Harlow, 1993)
When a Work has Six or More Authors
Wolchik et al. (2000) studied

Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J.,

the use of

Coatsworth, D., Lengua, L., et al. (2000). An

OR

experimental evaluation of theory-based mother

and mother-child programs for children of

The study of (Wolchik et

divorce. Journal of Consulting and Clinical

al., 2000).

Psychology, 68, 843-856.

Groups as Authors
According to the University of

University of Minnesota. (1985). Social psychology.

Minnesota (1985), .

Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

OR
The study of .. (University
of Minnesota, 1985).
Works With No Author Cite the first few words of the reference entry and the year.
Use double quotation marks around the title of an article or chapter, and italicize the title
of a periodical, book, brochure, or report.
The site seemed to indicate

Medical miracles. (2007). NCCA Online. Retrieved

support for . (Medical

October 20, 2008, from

miracles, 2007)

http://www.ncca.org/article_201.html

OR

Merriam-Websters collegiate dictionary (10th ed.).

(1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.

The meaning of the

(Merriam-Websters, 1993).
OR
According to the MerriamWebsters collegiate dictionary
(1993), the meaning of
Authors With the Same Surname
Research by J. Young (1989)
revealed that . . .
OR
The survey proved that (E.

Young, E. (1990). Caring for the Vulnerable. London:

Jones and Bartlett.
Young, J. (1989). The Purification Plan. New York:
Rodale Books.

Young, 1990)
Two or More Works Within the Same Parentheses
Past research (Berndt, 1981a;
Young, 1990)

Berndt, T. J. (1981a). Age changes over time in

prosocial intentions and behavior between friends.
Developmental Psychology, 17, 408-416.
Young, E. (1990). Caring for the Vulnerable. London:
Jones and Bartlett.

Citing Secondary Sources - In the references page, cite the secondary source you read
not the original study.
Seidenberg and McClellands

Coltheart, M., Curtis, B., Atkins, P., & Haller, M.

study (as cited in Coltheart,

(1993). Models of reading aloud: Dual-route and

Curtis, Atkins, & Haller, 1993)

parallel-distributed processing approaches.

provided a glimpse into

Psychological Review, 100, 589-608.

Personal Communications
T. K. Lutes (personal
communication, April 18,
2001)
OR
In the interview, we found that
(V. G. Nguyen, personal
communication, September 28,
1998)
Translated Volume
(Weber, 1904-1905/1958)

Weber, M. (1958). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of

capitalism. T. Parsons (Trans.). New York:
Charles Scribers Sons. (Original work published
1904-1905)

Figures: map, chart, graph, or table Citation for a map, chart, graph, or table
normally appears as a credit below the item rather than as an in-text citation:
Note: Electoral vote map (2000), Election 2000. Retrieved August 30, 2004, from
http://www.usatoday.com/news/vote2000/electfront.htm.
Note: From Daryl G. Press (2001), The myth of air power in the Persian Gulf War
and the future of warfare, International Security 26 (Fall):17, fig. 2.
(Electoral vote map [2000],

Electoral vote map. (2000). Election 2000. Retrieved

2004)

August 30, 2004, from

http://www.usatoday.com/news/vote2000/electfro
nt.htm

(Press, 2001)

Press, Daryl G. (2001). The myth of air power in the

Persian Gulf War and the future of warfare.
International Security 26 (Fall): 5-44.

Reference List

BOOKS
Print version

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of book. Location:

Publisher.
Stamp, M. (2006). Information security: Principals and practice (2nd
ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Son.

Electronic
version

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of book. Retrieved

Month day, year, from source.
Meany, J., & Shuster, K. (2004). Speak out: A guide to middle school
debate. New York: International Debate Education Association.
Retrieved January 19, 2009, from ebrary Academic Complete.
Grice, H., & Gregory, R. (Eds.). (1968). Early language development.
New York: McGraw-Hill. Retrieved January 19, 2008, from
http://www.language.org/20293/b124.html

Symonds, P. M. (1958). Human drives. In C. L. Stacey & M.

DeMartino (Eds.), Understanding human motivation (pp. 1122). Retrieved April 7, 2008, from PsycBooks database.
Chapter in a
Book

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of chapter. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C.

Editor (Eds.), Title of book (p./pp. nnn-nnn). Location:
Publisher.
Bjork, R. A. (1989). Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive mechanism in
human memory. In H. L. Roediger III & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.),
Varieties of memory & consciousness (pp. 309-330). Hillsdale,
NJ: Erlbaum.
Funk, R. & Kolln, M. (1998). Introduction. In E. W. Ludlow (Ed.),
Understanding English grammar (pp. 1-2). Needham, MA:
Allyn and Bacon.

Entry in an
Encyclopedia

Author's last name, first and second initial. (Year). Title of the
entry. In Title of the encyclopedia (Vol. number, page
number). Publication location: Publisher.
Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopaedia
Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago: Encyclopaedia
Britannica.
Global warming. (2009). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved
February 20, 2009, from Encyclopedia Britannica Online.

ARTICLES
Print version

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year, Month Day).

Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume(issue number),
page numbers.
Becker, L. J., & Seligman, C. (1981). Welcome to the energy crisis.
Journal of Social Issues, 37(2), 1-7.
Buss, D. M., & Schmitt, D. P. (1993, Spring). Sexual strategies

theory: An evolutionary perspective on human mating.

Psychological Review, 100, 204-232.
Chandler, C. (2004, December). Japan back from the dead? Fortune,
150, 67-69.
Electronic
version

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year, Month Day).

Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume if given, page
numbers. Retrieved Month day, year, from source.
Chandler, C. (2004, December). Japan back from the dead? Fortune,
150, 67-69. Retrieved March 25, 2008, from Proquest Asian
Business and Reference Database.
John, L. (2008, September 18). Meaning and matter. Object &
Artifact, 6(3), 22-25. Retrieved June 2, 2007, from
http://www.ona.com/issue_6_3.html

Newspaper

Author if named or Article title if no author. (Year, Month day).

Title of article if not given before [useful descriptive
information]. Title of Newspaper, p/pp. nn-nn.
Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social
status. The Washington Post, pp. A1, A4.
Hilts, P. J. (1999, February 16). In forecasting their emotions, most
people flunk out. The New York Times. Retrieved November
21, 2000, from http://www.nytimes.com

Non-English
article

Maignan, I., & Swaen, V. (2004). La reponsabilite sociale dune

organization: Integration des perspectives marketing et
manageriale [The social responsibility of an organization:
Integration of marketing and managerial perspectives]. Revue
Francaise du Marketing, 200, 51-66.

Report

United States Sentencing Commission. (n.d.). 1997 sourcebook of

federal sentencing statistics. Retrieved December 8, 1999,
from http://www.ussc.gov/annrpt/1997/sbtoc97.htm
Canarie, Inc. (1997, September 27). Towards a Canadian health
IWAY: Vision, opportunities and future steps. Retrieved
November 8, 2000, from
http://www.canarie.ca/press/publications/pdf/health/healthvisio
n.doc

Review

Schatz, B. R. (2000, March 3). Learning by text or context? [Review

of the book The social life of information]. Science, 290, 1304.
Kraus, S. J. (1992). Visions of psychology: A videotext of classic
studies [Review of the motion picture Discovering
Psychology]. Contemporary Psychology, 37, 1146-1147.

Unpublished

Lanktree, C., & Briere, J. (1991, January). Early data on the Trauma

paper, poster

Symptom Checklist for Children. Paper presented at the

session,

meeting of the American Professional Society on the Abuse of

dissertation, or

Children, San Diego, CA.

thesis

Tan, G., & Lewandowsky, S. (1996). A comparison of operator trust

in humans versus machines. Paper presented at the CybErg 96
virtual conference. Retrieved May 16, 2000, from
http://www.curtin.edu.au/conference/cyberg/centre/002.pdf
Gomez, C. (2003). Identifying early indicators for autism in selfregulatory difficulties. Unpublished doctoral dissertation.
Auburn University, AL.

ELECTRONIC / ONLINE / WEBSITES

Websites

Author. (date of web site if given; use n.d. if no date). Title of

webpage: Subtitle if needed. Retrieved Month day, year,
from source.
Grohol, J.M. (2003). Dr. John Grohol's PsychCentral. Retrieved

March 13, 2003, from http://psychcentral.com

Thompson, G. (n.d.). Youth coach handbook. Retrieved September 17,
2001, from http://www.joesoccer.com/menu.html
Tobacco use among youth. (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, 2001, from
http://tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/pdf/0002.pdf
Chou, L., McClintock, R., Merotti, F., & Nix, D. H. (1993).
Technology and education: New wine in new bottles: Choosing
pasts and imagining educational futures. Retrieved August 24,
2000, from Columbia University, Institute for Learning
Technologies Website:
http://www.ilt.comlumbia.edu/publications/papers/newwine1.h
tml
Personal
homepage
Blog post

Duncan, D. (1998, August 1). Homepage. Retrieved April 20, 2008

from http://www.duncan.com.html
Drezner, D. (2004, February 1). Entry post. Retrieved February 2,
2004, from http://www.danieldrezner.com/blog/
Ninja. (2009, June 9). A dollar a day [Web log message]. Retrieved
July 5, 2009, from http://www.punchdelbtintheface.com

Online video

Norton, R. (2005, May 6). Sugar: The bitter truth [Video file].
Retrieved May 9, 2008, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Veidkadj

Online image

Adams, A. (1927). Monolith, the face of Half Dome, Yosemite

National Park [photograph]. Art Institute, Chicago.
Japanese Geisha [Photograph]. (2006). Retrieved April 10, 2006,
from http://www.bergoiata.org/fe/divers28/10.htm
[Untitled photograph of a baby chimpanzee]. Retrieved April 12,
2006, from http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jdtr/struc/chimp3.htm

Kulbis, M. (Photographer). (2006). Men pray [Photograph]. Retrieved

April 12, 2006, from http://accuweather.ap.org/cgiin/aplaunch.pl