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Seminar Series:
PwC
Agenda
Section one:
Section two:
Section three:
Current taxes
Section four:
Section five:
Tax Contingencies
Section six:
Valuation Allowances
1.
Questions?
2008 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. All rights reserved. PricewaterhouseCoopers refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership, or, as the context requires, the
PricewaterhouseCoopers global network or other member firms of the network, each of which is a separate and independent legal entity.
Deferred
Income
Taxes
2008 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. All rights reserved. PricewaterhouseCoopers refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership, or, as the context requires, the
PricewaterhouseCoopers global network or other member firms of the network, each of which is a separate and independent legal entity.
4-Step Process
1.
2.
3.
4.
12
13
Taxes payable
14
nil
$500,000
Taxes payable
$200,000
15
16
17
4 -step Approach
1.
18
Tax values
- Tax returns
- Other calculations
19
Tax basis
Tax basis
$0
$1,000
$1,000
$0
$500
22
Tax
$100
$100
25
25
Temporary
30
(30)
CCA
(40)
40
Total
$125
$115
$10
$37
$34
$3
23
Accounting
Tax
Temporary
Future
Tax
at 30%
$250
$220
$30
$9
(30)
(40)
$10
$3
220
180
$40
$12
24
25
26
Exceptions:
Business acquisitions
Capital transactions
Certain financing expenses - 20(1)(e)
27
28
29
Questions?
2008 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. All rights reserved. PricewaterhouseCoopers refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership, or, as the context requires, the
PricewaterhouseCoopers global network or other member firms of the network, each of which is a separate and independent legal entity.
Current
Taxes
2008 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. All rights reserved. PricewaterhouseCoopers refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership, or, as the context requires, the
PricewaterhouseCoopers global network or other member firms of the network, each of which is a separate and independent legal entity.
32
Taxable Income
Accounting income
+/- Tax Adjustments
- Permanent differences
- Temporary differences
= Net income for tax purposes
- Other adjustments (non capital losses utilized)
= Taxable income
- Apply income tax rate
- Less any applicable credits (e.g., ITC, FTC)
= Current Income Tax Payable
Tax Accounting Basics
PwC
33
34
2. Depreciation
3. Meals and entertainment
4. Provincial capital taxes paid
5.
6. Pension expense
35
Temporary
2. Depreciation
Temporary
Non - temporary
Non - temporary
5.
Non - temporary
6. Pension expense
Temporary
36
Three-Column Approach
Accounting
NIBT per f/s
Tax
$100
$100
25
25
Temporary
30
(30)
CCA
(40)
40
Total
$125
$115
$10
$37
$34
$3
38
39
Rate Reconciliation
Purpose of Rate Reconciliation
Common Reconciling Items
Calculating the Rate of Reconciling Items
40
41
42
43
Net Income
Statutory rate
Non-deductible expenses
Effective rate
44
125,000
Statutory rate
45,000
36.00%
(900)
(0.72%)
5,000
4.00%
Non-deductible expenses
3,600
2.88%
Effective rate
52,700
42.16%
45
Questions?
2008 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. All rights reserved. PricewaterhouseCoopers refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership, or, as the context requires, the
PricewaterhouseCoopers global network or other member firms of the network, each of which is a separate and independent legal entity.
Tax
Contingencies
& Uncertain
Tax Positions
2008 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. All rights reserved. PricewaterhouseCoopers refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership, or, as the context requires, the
PricewaterhouseCoopers global network or other member firms of the network, each of which is a separate and independent legal entity.
Tax Contingencies
IFRS Treatment
IAS 12 does not specifically address
IAS 37 is not considered to apply to income taxes
Acceptable approaches include:
- Single best estimate approach
- Weighted average probability
May consider uncertain tax position on issue by issue basis or on
combined basis
Approach must be applied consistently
PwC
Page 48
Tax Contingencies
ASPE Treatment
ASPE different practices considered acceptable:
Contingency approach (ASPE 3290)
Best estimate approach
Probable asset approach
More likely than not approach
Approach should be consistently applied
PwC
Page 49
Tax Contingencies
US GAAP Treatment
Prescribed approach to assessment of Uncertain Tax Positions (UTPs)
under ASC 740-10-25 (Formerly FIN 48)
Evaluation of a tax position is a two-step process
1.
PwC
Page 50
Tax Contingencies
Possible
Estimated
Outcome
Probability
of Occurring
Cumulative
Probability of
Occurring
$100
5%
5%
80
30
35
60
20
55
50
20
75
25
100
Page 51
Tax Contingencies
Probability
of Occurring
Cumulative
Probability of
Occurring
Weightedprobability
method
$100
5%
5%
$5
80
30
35
$24
60
20
55
$12
50
20
75
$10
25
100
$0
Page 52
Questions?
2008 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. All rights reserved. PricewaterhouseCoopers refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership, or, as the context requires, the
PricewaterhouseCoopers global network or other member firms of the network, each of which is a separate and independent legal entity.
Valuation
Allowance
2008 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. All rights reserved. PricewaterhouseCoopers refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership, or, as the context requires, the
PricewaterhouseCoopers global network or other member firms of the network, each of which is a separate and independent legal entity.
PwC
Page 55
PwC
Page 56
Available approaches
GAAP
Approach
Probability of
Realization
Valuation
Allowance
Required
IFRS
Probable
< 50%
Record up to
amt probable
US
< 50%
Yes
Canadian
< 50%
Yes
Page 57
Questions?
2008 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. All rights reserved. PricewaterhouseCoopers refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership, or, as the context requires, the
PricewaterhouseCoopers global network or other member firms of the network, each of which is a separate and independent legal entity.
Accounting
for R&D
Tax Credits
2008 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. All rights reserved. PricewaterhouseCoopers refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership, or, as the context requires, the
PricewaterhouseCoopers global network or other member firms of the network, each of which is a separate and independent legal entity.
60
61
b. R&D costs not claimed for income tax purposes (i.e. SR&ED
pools)
62
Tax payers can choose how much they will claim for each year,
therefore certain Provincial SR&ED pools may be different than
Federal pools
63
Factors to consider:
History of profitability
Future profitability
64
65
66
67
68
$1,000*
$1,000
69
$10,000
Tax
Deferred
$10,000
$4,000
($4,000)
$0
($0)
($4,000)
$4,000
($1,000)
$1,000
($
Total Adjusted
$10,000
0)
$9,000
$1,000
70
Tax
Temp Diff
Equipment *
$1,000
$1,000
$1,000
$1,000
$2,000
$2,000
* Equipment deducted for tax purposes as SR&ED expenditure, but was capitalized
for accounting. Future amortization for accounting will not give rise to any further tax
deduction.
** ITC claimed in the current year will be added to taxable income in the following
year, therefore represents taxable temporary difference.
71
Refundable
Non-refundable
ASPE
IFRS
Choice
US GAAP
Tax Expense *
Page 72
THANK YOU !
This publication has been prepared for general guidance on matters of interest only, and does not constitute professional
advice. You should not act upon the information contained in this publication without obtaining specific professional
advice. No representation or warranty (express or implied) is given as to the accuracy or completeness of the information
contained in this publication, and, to the extent permitted by law, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, its members, employees
and agents do not accept or assume any liability, responsibility or duty of care for any consequences of you or anyone else
acting, or refraining to act, in reliance on the information contained in this publication or for any decision based on it.
2010 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. All rights reserved. In this document, PwC refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers
LLP, which is a member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited, each member firm of which is a separate
legal entity.