Summary 1 :

Nama :Helena
NRP :
1213015047

Psychoanalytic Theories, development is primarily unconscius (that is

beyond awareness) and is heavily colored by emotion. Freud (1856 1939)
developed his ideas about psychoanalytic theory from work with mental
patients .He was a medical doctor who specialized in neurology .
In 1917 Freud believed that personality has three structures. The
structures is the id , the ego and the super ego .The Id is the Freudian structure
of personality that consists of instinct (an individuals reservoir of physic
energy) .it unconscious and has no contact with reality The ego is the Freudian
structure of personality that deals with demands of reality .The ego is called the
executive brands of personality because it makes rational decision .The
superego is the Freudian structure of personality that is moral branch of
personality that takes into account whether something is right or wrong. Think of
the superego as what we often refer as our conscience
Freud considered personality to be an iceberg. Most personality exists
below our level of awareness just as the massive part of an iceberg is beneath
the surface water.
Ego resolved the conflict between the id and constrains of the super ego through
defense mechanism. The psychoanalytic term for unconscious methods, the ego
distorts reality , thereby protecting it from anxiety (the conflicting demand of the
personality structures produce anxiety).Repression is the most powerful and
pervasive defense mechanism, according to freud it works to push unacceptable
id impulses out of awareness and back into unconscious mind
As freud listened to, probed, and analyzed his patients. he became
convinced that their problems were the result of experiences early in life , Freud
believed that we go through five stages of psychosexual development .
Erogenous zones, according to freud are the parts of the body that have
especially strong pleasure giving qualities at each stage of development.
Freud thought that the adult personality is determined by the way conflicts
between the early sources of pleasure .But first we need to learn more about the
early stages of personality development.
The oral stage is the first Freudian stage of development, occurring during
the first 18 months of life, in which the infants pleasure centers around the
mouth like chewing , sucking , and biting . The anal stage is the second Freudian
stage of development occurring between 1 1/2 and 3 years of age in which the
childs greatest pleasure involves the anus or the eliminative functions
associated with it .The phallic stages is the third Freudian stage of development
which occurs between ages of 3 and 6, pleasure focuses on the genitals as the
child discovers that self manipulation is enjoyable.
In freuds view, the phallic stage has a importance of personality
development because it is during this period that Oedipus complex appears. The
Oedipus complex is the freudian concept that young child develops an intense
desire to replace the parent of the same sex and enjoy the affection of the
opposite sexed parent.
The latency stage is the fourth Freudian stage of development , which
occurs between approximately 6 years of age and puberty .The child repress all
interest in sexuality and develops social and intellectual skill.The genital stage is
the fifth and final Freudian stage of development , occurring from puberty on .
The genital stage is a time of sexual reawakening .The source of sexual pleasure
now become someone outside of the family

Question
1 What is the meaning Freud considered personality to be an iceberg?
2 According to Freud psychoanalytic problem were the result of early
experience life , Can you give me an example?

Summary 2:

Nama :Helena
NRP :
1213015047

Erikson Theory
Erik Erikson (1902 1994 ) recognized freud contributions but believed
that freud misjudged some important dimension of human development . He also
said in contrast to freud psychosexual stages for another , he emphasized
developmental change throughout the human life span.
In Eriksons theory , eight stages of development unfold as we go through
the life span . Each stage consists of a unique development task that confront
individual with a crisis that must be faced
This table is figure of Erikson eights stage of development:

Question:
1. What is making Erikson theory different from Freud?
2. What is emphasizes in eight stage of psychoanalytical theories according to
erikson ?