CHAPTER 1

1.1 The purpose of research

For knowing the characteristic and nutrient of leaf.
1.2 The basic of theory
Plants require nine macronutrient and at least eight micronutrient. A chemical element is
regarded as an essential nutrient if the nutrients necessary for plants to grow optimally.
Element needed by plants in relatively large quantities are called macronutrients. While
elements are required in very small quantities are called micronutrients. Each element, be it
macro and micro have a crucial role in the bodys metabolism of plants. If there is a shortage
(deficiency) certain elements, the plant expressed in form of certain symptoms.
Deficiency is the lack of materiality (the material) in the form of food for plants to carry
out his life. Crop nutrient needs will vary depending on the types of plants. If the elements in
the soil is not available, the plant growth is inhibited and the production was go down. For
knowing the availability of elements contained therein, one of the efforts is to know the
symptoms of deficiency plants.
Symptoms of nutrient deficiency not only depend on the role of these nutrients in plants
but also in mobility within the plant. If a nutrient move somewhat freely from one part of the
plant to another, deficiency symptoms first appear on the older organ. This because young
tissues are still growing fascination more powerful than the older network to attract nutrients
that amounts less.
This nutrient deficiency symptoms sooner or later will be visible on the plants, depending
on the type and nature of the plant. There are plants that quickly show signs of deficiency or
otherwise are slow. In general, it will first look at the part of the plant that is the greatest
physiological activity on the part of those on the ground, especially on the leaves.
CHAPTER 2
2.1 Tool and materials
Material: leaves
2.2 The research procedure
1). Search some deficiency leaves or damaged leaves
2). Observe thar leaves
3). Take a photo for strengthen evidence
4). Record characteristic of deficiency leaves
2.3 Result Of Deficiency
CHAPTER 3
3.1 discussion of research
1). Phosphorus deficiency
Plants require phosphorus at all stages in its development. Phosphorus needs during
seeds growth and early development. If the availability of phosphorus is limited, phosphorus
will be translocated from older network to the young tissue in plants, such as leaves, roots,
and another growing point. Phosphorus-deficient plants have weak roots and leaves are
small, dark, and grey-green. Old leaves at the base of the stalk bright yellow. The leaves are
located right above the old leaves are dark green. Brown leaf veins on the mature leaves.

2). Calcium Deficiency

The youngest leaves in plant that lack of calcium fallen and dry-look. Calcium
important in the function of membrane and cell wall strength. Calcium deficiency is largely
due to soil salinity, supply high potassium or ammonium, and diseases of the roots. Calcium
is usually stored in the older leaves. Symptoms of deficiency are found in young leaves and
at points of growth has a low rate of transpiration. The leaves dry and brown. Young leaves
curl downward and suburban young leaves dry and brown. Leaves mature and old leaves do
not show symptoms of deficiency. Further deficiency, flower formation is inhibited and titipoint dead body. The resulting smaller fruit and tasteless.
3). Magnesium deficiency
Magnesium is a builder of chlorophyll. Magensium deficiency can be caused by a large
excess of potassium fertilization. Symptoms of magnesium deficiency appears in the winter
or when the soil is wet snagat where the roots are less active. Magnesium deficiency causes
yellowing of old leaves. If the deficiency is sustained, the yellow leaves will turn yellowbrown. Fruit production in plants that lack of magnesium is reduced.
4). Potassium Deficiency
K deficiency does not show obvious symptoms, initially only a reduction in the growth
rate, after further followed by chlorosis and necrosis. Generally began to appear on older
leaves, because K + that the car is transported from older leaves to younger tissue. Decline
in turgor especially in conditions of water stress causes softening plant. K + also can
increase the resistance of plants against diseases.
5). Nitrogen deficiency
Nitrogen is an element of the car in plants, therefore deficiency symptoms will begin on
leaves older. Symptoms include yellowing of leaves, sometimes accompanied by the
changing color of the leaves become reddish due to the formation of anthocyanins. Plant
growth is inhibited, and abnormal leaf shape (Aonim 2, 2008).Nitrogen deficiency has the
following characteristics as green leaf color and slightly yellowish in color rice crop is
starting from the tip of the leaf spread to the bone subsequently changed to yellow leaf
complete, so the entire plant pale yellowish. Leaf tissue to die and this is what causes the
leaves later become dry and maroon, plant growth is slow and stunted, development of the
fruit is not perfect or good, often cook ahead of time, may cause the leaves are full of fiber,
this is because the thickened membrane of leaf cells while cell itself small size, in a state of
severe deficiency, leaves become dry, starting from the bottom continue to the top
3.2 Conclusion
From the observation of leaf nutrient deficiency is a deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium,
potassium, magnesium
3.3 Refrence
Rosanti,D.2013.Morfologi Tumbuhan.Jakarta:Erlangga

Campbell,J.W.2008.Biologi:Jilid2.Jakarta:Erlangga
Chapter 4
The Result of Research:
Deficiency of water :Edge Leaf Curly
Nitrogen Deficiency :The leaves change colour toreddishorange
Phosporus Deficiency :The leaves turn redinthe out skirt of the leaves
Calcium Deficiency :The middle of the leaf turn yellow
Pottasium Deficiency :The edges of the leaves changed color orange and yellow
Magnesium Deficiency:The edge of leaves changed color orange and yellow,but yellow
more dominant