JOINT

MOTION

RANG
E

LANDMA
RK

EN
DFEE
L
Firm

Shoulde
r

Flexion

0-180

Lat.
aspect of
greater
tubercle

Extension

0-60

Lat.
aspect of
greater
tubercle

Firm

Abduction

0-180

Anterior
aspect of
the
acromial

Firm

PROXIMAL
ARM

DI
AR

Parallel to
the
midaxillary
line of
thorax
Parallel to
the
midaxillary
line of
thorax
Parallel to
the midline
of the
anterior

La
mi
of
hu

La
mi
of
hu

An
mi
of
hu

process

Elbow

aspect of
sternum

Med.
Rotation

0-70

Olecranon
process

Firm

Lat.
Rotation

0-90

Olecranon
process

Firm

Flexion

0-150

Soft

Extension

150-0

Lat.
epicondyl
e of
humerus
Lat.
epicondyl
e of

Har
d

Perpendicul
ar or
parallel to
the floor
Perpendicul
ar or
parallel to
the floor
Lateral
midline of
humerus

Uln

Lateral
midline of
humerus

La
mi
of

Uln

La
mi
of

Wrist

humerus
Ulnar
styloid
process

Pronation

0-80

Firm

Parallel to
anterior
midline of
humerus
Parallel to
anterior
midline of
humerus
Lateral
midline of
ulna

Supination

0-80

Ulnar
styloid
process

Firm

Flexion

0-80

Over the
triquetru
m

Firm

Extension

0-70

Firm

Lateral
midline of
ulna

Radial dev.

0-20

Over the
triquetru
m/ @
level of
capitate
Over

Har

Dorsal

Do
as
for

Ve
as
for

La
mi
of
mc
La
mi
of
mc

Do

MCP

capiatate

midline of
forearm

Ulnar dev.

0-30

Over
capitate

Firm

Dorsal
midline of
forearm

Flexion

0-90

Dorsal
aspect of
MCP

Har
d

Dorsal
midline of
mcp

Extension

0-45

Dorsal
aspect of
MCP

Firm

Dorsal
midline of
mcp

Dorsal
aspect of

Firm

Dorsal
midline of

Abduction

mi
of
mc
Do
mi
of
mc
Do
mi
of
pro
ph
Do
mi
of
pro
ph
Do
mi

MCP

mcp

PIP

Flexion

0-100

Over PIP

Har
d

DIP

Flexion

0-90

Over DIP

Firm

CMC

Flexion

0-15

Over CMC

Soft

Extension

0-20

Over CMC

Firm

Dorsal
midline of
proximal
phalanx
Dorsal
midline of
middle
phalanx
Ventral
midline of
the radius
Ventral
midline of
the radius

of
pro
ph
Do
mi
of
ph
Do
mi
of
ph
Ve
mi
of
MC
Ve
mi
of
MC

IP
Hip

Abduction

0-70

Radial
styloid
Process

Firm

Flexion
Extension
Flexion

0-80
0-20
0-120

Firm
Firm
Soft

Extension

0-30

Abduction

0-45

Over IP
Over IP
Greater
Trochante
r
Greater
Trochante
r
ASIS

Adduction

0-30

ASIS

Firm

Lateral
midline of
2nd MCP

La
mi
of
MC

Lat. Midline
of pelvis

La
Mi
of
La
Mi
of
An
Mi
of

Firm

Lat. Midline
of pelvis

Firm

Imaginary
horizontal
line bet. 2
ASIS
Imaginary
horizontal
line bet. 2

An
Mi
of

Knee

Ankle

ASIS
Perpendicul
ar to the
floor

Lat.
Rotation

0-45

Ant.
Aspect of
Patella

Firm

Med.
Rotation

0-45

Ant.
Aspect of
Patella

Firm

Perpendicul
ar to the
floor

Flexion

0-135

Soft

Lat. Midline
of femur

Extension

135-0

Firm

Lat. Midline
of femur

Dorsiflexion

0-20

Lat.
Epicondyl
e of femur
Lat.
Epicondyl
e of femur
Lateral
malleolus

Firm

Lat. Midline
of fibula

An
Mi
of
leg
An
Mi
of
leg
La
Mi
of
La
Mi
of
La
As
5th
me

Subtalar

Plantarflexi
on

0-50

Lateral
malleolus

Firm

Lat. Midline
of fibula

Inversion

0-35

Midway
bet.
malleolus

Firm

Ant. Midline
of lower leg

Eversion

0-15

Midway
bet.
malleolus

Har
d

Ant. Midline
of lower leg

Inversion

0-5

Midway
bet.
malleolus

Firm

al
La
As
5th
me
al
An
Mi
of
me
al
An
Mi
of
me
al

Transver
se tarsal

1st
metatar
sal
Cervical

Eversion

0-5

Inversion

0-20

Eversion

0-10

Inversion

0-45

Eversion
Flexion

0-70
0-45

Extension

0-45

Midway
bet.
Malleolus
Over ant.
Aspect of
ankle
Over ant.
Aspect of
ankle
Over MTP

Har
d

Over MTP
External
auditory
meatus
External
auditory
meatus

Firm
Firm

Firm

Firm

Firm

Firm

Perpendicul
ar to the
gorund
Perpendicul
ar to the
gorund

Ba
na

Ba
na

Thoracic
&
lumbar

Lat. Flexion

0-45

Over C7

Firm

Rotation

0-60

Firm

Flexion

0-80
(10cm
)

Center of
cranial
aspect of
head
C7 & S1

Extension

0-25
(4 to
10
cm)
0-35

C7 & S1

Firm

Post.
Aspect of

Firm

Lat. Flexion

Firm

Spinous
process of
thoracic
vertebrae
Imaginary
line bet. 2
acromion
process
Distance
b/n tip of
middle
finger and
floor

Do
mi
of

Perpendicul
ar to the

Po
As

Tip
no

rotation

0-45

S2
spinous
process
Center of
cranial
aspect of
head

Firm

ground

C7

Parallel to
imaginary
line
between 2
prominent
tubercle of
iliac crest

Im
yl
2
ac
pro