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Surname (print):______________________

First Name (print):______________________

Student ID No:_________________________

The University of Sydney

School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering

MECH3310 Mechanics of Solids 2

Semester 1, XXXX

Time allowed: Two hours

INSTRUCTION

This examination consists of THREE problems.

All problems are to be answered.
Do not take this examination paper out of the room.
Books and notes are not permitted in this examination room.

This examination paper consists of eight pages. You are asked to check that your paper is complete
and indicate that you have done so by signing, as provided below.
I have checked this paper and affirm that it is complete.

Signature:______________________________________

Note: Students finding an incomplete paper should obtain a replacement from the Examination
Supervisor immediately.

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ESSENTIAL FORMULAE

(i) Equations of motion

xx xy xz
+
+
+ f x = a x ,

y
z
x
yx yy yz
+
+
+ f y = a y ,

y
z
x

zy zz
zx

+
+
+ fz = a z .
x
y
z
(ii) Strain-displacement relations:

u
,
x
v
,
yy =
y
w
,
zz =
z
1 u v
xy = + ,
2 y x

xx =

yz =

1 w v

+ ,
2 y z

zx =

1 u w
+
.
2 z x

(iii) Generalised Hookes law:

E
{(1 ) xx + ( yy + zz )},
(1 + )(1 2)
E
{(1 ) yy + (zz + xx )},
yy =
(1 + )(1 2)
E
{(1 )zz + ( xx + yy )},
zz =
(1 + )(1 2)
E
xy =
xy ,
1+
E
yz =
yz ,
1+
E
zx =
zx .
1+
xx =

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or,

)]

1
xx - yy + zz ,
E
1
yy = yy - (zz + xx ) ,
E
1
zz = zz - xx + yy ,
E
(1 + )
xy =
xy ,
E
(1 + )
yz =
yz ,
E
(1 + )
zx =
zx .
E

xx =

)]

(iv) Stress transformation rule in xy-plane:

(
(

) (
)

1
1

nn = 2 xx + yy + 2 xx yy cos 2 + xy sin 2,

= 1 sin 2 + cos 2.
xx
xy
nt 2 yy
(v) General stress transformation rule:
nx = l xx + m yx + n zx

ny = l xy + m yy + n yz
nz = l xz + m yz + n zz

(vi) Principal strains in a plane deformation state in xy-plane:

1 1
xx yy
+ 2xy ,
= xx + yy
2 2
2

2 xy
tan 2 =
.
xx yy

(vii) Airy stress function for plane deformation problems:

In Cartesian coordinate system, the relations between stresses and stress function, when ignoring
the body forces, are

xx =

2
,
y 2

In polar coordinate system, they become

yy =

2
,
x 2

xy =

2
.
xy

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1 1 2
2
1 1 2
rr =
+
, = 2 , r = 2

.
r r r 2 2
r
r r r

The compatibility equation in terms of the stress function is

4
4
4
+2 2 2 + 4 = 0
x 4
x y
y

in Cartesian coordinate system and is

2 1
1 2 2 1
1 2
2+

= 0
+
+
+
r r r 2 2 r 2 r r r 2 2
r
in polar coordinate system.

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Problems
Problem 1 (50 marks)
A long cantilever beam of length L, height h and thickness b (Note: L is much greater than b and h),
as illustrated in Fig. 1, is subjected to a uniform pressure, q, on its top surface and a concentrated
shear force, P, within its right end surface in the direction opposite to the y-axis. The application
point of P is at the middle of the surface. The whole left end of the beam is rigidly clamped but the
right end is simply supported at the two bottom corner points.
(a) Describe all the boundary conditions of the beam. (12 marks)
(b) If the beam can be considered as a plane-stress deformation problem in xy-plane and it is

known that the normal stresses at the central point of the beams front surface are 0 = 10MPa,
45 = 100MPa and 90 = 20MPa in the directions of 0o, 45o and 90o with respect to the positive
x-direction, respectively, (i) find the principal stresses and their direction cosines (l1, m1, n1), (l2,
m2, n2) and (l3, m3, n3) at the point (16 marks); and (ii) find the principal strains 1, 2 and 3,
and their direction cosines (l1, m1, n1), (l2, m2, n2) and (l3, m3, n3) at this point (the Youngs
modulus and Poissons ratio of the beam material are E = 210GPa and = 0.3, respectively) (12
marks).
(c) When the beam is considered as a plane-stress deformation problem in xy-plane, provide its
mechanics model for analysing the stress and deformation using the finite element method with
triangular elements. (10 marks)

Figure 1 The deformation of a long beam under external loading.

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Problem 2 (30 marks)

A very large thick plate fully fixed on a rigid foundation is subjected to a uniform pressure q and its
own weight (i.e., fz = g), as shown in Fig. 2. The density of the plate material is and the plate
could be considered as infinite in xy-plane.
(a) To show that the following displacement field is a correct solution to the problem, (i) State the
examination procedures logically step by step. (Highlight the steps but detailed derivation is not
required.) (ii) Find the principal stress in z-direction at point O of the plate. (10 marks)

u = 0,

v = 0,

(1 2 )(1 + ) g h 2 z 2 + 2q(h z ) .
w=

2(1 )E

[ (

(1)

Figure 2 A thick plate on a rigid foundation.

(b) The displacements listed in Eq. (1) are from a three-dimensional deformation consideration.
This plate can certainly be simplified to a plane deformation problem. (i) Based on the equations
given in section Essential Formulae of this paper, find the corresponding governing equations to
solve the problem as a plane deformation problem, i.e., find the simplified equations of equilibrium,
strain-displacement relations, and stress-strain relations; and (ii) Describe the corresponding
boundary conditions of the simplified plane deformation problem (20 marks).

Problem 3 (20 marks)

In an assembly, a long circular cylindrical pin is inserted completely into a long hollow circular
cylinder, as shown in Fig. 3(a) (before assembly) and Fig. 3(b) (after assembly). The initial inner
and outer radii of the hollow cylinder are Ri and R0, respectively. The initial radius of the pin is Rp
which is slightly larger than Ri. The pin and cylinder are made of the same material of Youngs
modulus E and Poissons ratio . If the normal interaction stress (compressive) at the pin-cylinder
interface is , then the total radial displacement u at the pin surface after assembly can be calculated
by

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up =

1
R p
E

and the total radial displacement u at the inner surface of the cylinder after assembly can be
calculated by
uc =

R o2
Ri
R i2
(
)
(
)

+
+

1
1

E R o2 R i2
R i2

(a) before assembly

(b) after assembly

Figure 3 The pin and cylinder assembly.

(a) Find the interface stress between the cylinder and the pin after assembly. (10 marks)

Figure 4 A hollow circular cylinder under inner and outer pressure.

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(b) It is known that when a hollow circular cylinder is subjected to inner pressure pi and outer
pressure p0, as illustrated in Fig.4, the stresses in the cylinder are

rr

zz

(p p o ) R i2 R o2 1
i
2,
R o2 R i2
R o2 R i2
r

p R 2 p o R o2 (p i p o ) R i2 R o2 1
= i i
+
2,
R o2 R i2
R o2 R i2

r
p i R i2 p o R o2
,
= 2
R2 R2
o
i

= 0, r = 0, zr = 0.
=

p i R i2 p o R o2

Now if the friction at the pin-cylinder interface of the assembly in Fig.3 is negligible and if the
cylinder fails when (1 3) = Y at the interface, where Y is the known critical stress value and
1 and 3 are the maximum and minimum principal stresses at the interface of the cylinder, find the
relationship between and Y at which the cylinder fails. (10 marks)