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Abstract
This article presents the results of our study on the multi-criteria evaluation of critical situations at the risk of
desertification in the eastern Aurs, the appropriate methodology is based on the use of GIS (geographic
information systems) and technical remote sensing coupled with the Analytic Hierarchy process method
(AHP) based on weighted criteria, the results obtained demonstrate a significant effect of both ecological and
socio-economic vulnerability of the land to the desertification, the final card gave 32.48% of areas with a
fragile situation at the risk of desertification and 24.94% of areas in critical situations, these results helped to
prove the importance and risk of desertification in of eastern Aurs.
Keywords: Desertification, Multi-criteria analysis, GIS, Orientals Aurs.
1 INTRODUCTION
2. STUDY AREA
The eastern Aures located east of the Saharan Atlas between 34.16 and 35.67 north
latitude and between 6.50 and 7, 92 longitude, it covers a total area of 1,421 nearby. 732 ha, it
rises to 2,326 m Ras Kulthum, is the highest of northern Algeria, it is characterized by high
gradients.
3. METHODOLOGY
mapping of unaffected areas, potential, fragile and critical, the methodological approach is
illustrated (figure.2).
study are the various sub criteria that attribute values to determine the numerical scale for each
criterion in making our assessment, the characteristics of the criteria and attributes values
developed according to MEDALUS method (Mediterranean Desertification and land use) that is
tested by several researchers in the Mediterranean region at the early nineties.
The land state used is a criterion to be taken into account in the multi-criteria evaluation of
critical situations at the risk of desertification; it can be appreciated by the importance of the
vegetation cover, which by its absence, desertification accelerated and by his presence
desertification curbed.
3.1.2. Soil criteria
The floor of the Aures region and their morpho-pedological characteristics are a source
of very important information to take into account in the multi-criteria risk assessment of
desertification because the study area based on shallow soils and poor that accelerate the dynamics
of desertification.
The soil test expresses the susceptibility to detachment or removal of particles and fine
sands of the soil under the effect of winds, rains and runoff, this criterion will be achieved by sub
criteria related to soil texture, the nature of the parent material, slope, the drainage density, these
soil parameters directly or indirectly related to sensitivity to desertification.
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The climate in the Mediterranean region is a key factor of ecosystems and the climatic
conditions in arid and semi arid acting on the acceleration of the processes of desertification.
In our assessment of the risk of desertification climate criterion is evaluated using three
parameters (under test) that influence land degradation and drought languages
The criteria under influence climate condition are precipitation, bioclimatic stage and
exhibition ground.
3.1.4. Criterion socioeconomic issues:
The parameters used to define the criteria of socio-economic issues in the study area
concern the intensity of land use and grazing intensity and development policies committed to fight
against desertification.
3.2. Weighting of criteria
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Once the layers of the criteria was established based on the weights, the combination of
these criteria has resulted in a decision-making board for the assessment of risk of desertification in
the Aures region, this operation is called aggregation criteria,
GIS-AMC integration allows aggregation criteria, the technical of the weighted
sum (Weighted Sum) also called the linear-addition method allows us a complete aggregation, it
consists in multiplying each standardized criterion layer multiplied by its respective weighting
coefficient from the Expert software chioce from AHP method and then add these results to produce
an aggregated intelligence map and quantify on a scale of 0-4.
The use of methods of multi-criteria analysis (MCA) combined with geographic information
systems (GIS) has established a decision-making board for the assessment risk of desertification,
soft card results helped define the spatially study area in a scale between 0 and
4, a pixel with a high value indicates that the pixel is in a critical situation with the risk of
desertification, to facilitate the reading of this card, we defined four levels classes in the
following table we give the area in hectares and% different classes of desertification situations that
show the importance of desertification in the study area.
The classes
type
defined
attributes
values
The area in
hectares
The
area in%
Class 1
Areas Unaffected
0-1,17
17621,01
12,22
Class 2
Potential areas
1,17-1,30
45244,44
31,36
Class 3
fragile areas
1,31-1,50
46841,76
32,48
Class4
Critical Areas
1,51-4
34524,54
23,94
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CONCLUSION
The objective of this study was to adopt a methodology for assessing critical situations at
the risk of desertification in the Aures region, this evaluation possible to integrate multi-criteria
analysis methods and geographic information systems, we considered the four dominant criteria
(vegetation, climate, soil and socioeconomic issue), this allowed us to assess the severity of the
resulting desert process by assigning a specific weight to each of the four criteria in consultation
with field expert working dice on the Aures area.
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which are fragile and 24% are critical and irreversible situation.
These results for cartographic and enlighten decision makers and managers on critical areas
to desertification risks to be considered in the choice of priority intervention.
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