Damping Vibrator

Damping Vibrator
A transfer function will be developed by
considering
mechanics.

a classical

example

from

Damping Vibrator: System

A block of mass m resting on a horizontal,
frictionless table is attached to a linear spring.
A viscous damper (dashpot) is also attached to
the block.

Damping Vibrator: System

Assume that the system is free to oscillate
horizontally under the influence of a forcing
function F(t).

Damping Vibrator: System

The origin of the coordinate system is taken
as the right edge of the block when the spring
is in the relaxed or unstretched condition.

Damping Vibrator: Assumptions

The block is motionless (dY/dt = 0) and
Block located at its rest position (Y = 0)

before the forcing function is applied, i.e.

time t = 0.

Damping Vibrator
Damping is an effect that reduces
the amplitude of oscillations in an
oscillatory system.
This effect is linearly related to the velocity
of the oscillations.
This restriction leads to a linear differential
equation of motion, and a simple analytic
solution.
except for mass-dominated systems.

Damping Vibrator
In mechanics, damping may be realized
using a dashpot.
This device uses the viscous drag of a fluid,
such as oil, to provide a resistance that is
related linearly to velocity.
The damping force Fc is expressed as
follows:

Damping Vibrator
At time zero, the block is assumed to be at
rest at this origin.
Consider the block at some instant when it
is to the right of Y = 0 and when it is
moving toward the right (positive direction).
Under these conditions,

Damping Vibrator
1. The force exerted by the spring (toward
the left) of -KY
where K is a positive constant, called Hookes
constant.

2. The viscous friction force (acting to the

left) of -C dY/dt,
where C is a positive constant called the
damping coefficient.

3. The external force F(t) (acting toward the

right).

Damping Vibrator
Newtons law of motion, which states that
the sum of all forces acting on the mass is
equal to the rate of change of momentum
(F = mass X acceleration), takes the form:
d 2Y
m 2
dt

dY
KY C
F (t )
dt

An ideal massspringdamper
system
Where
with mass m,

Spring (Hooks) constant k and

viscous damper of damping coefficient c

An ideal massspringdamper
system
Where
m in kilograms,

k in newtons per meter, and

c is the viscous damping coefficient, given
in units of Newton seconds per meter
(N s/m) or simply kilograms per second.

Damping Vibrator
Rearrange the equation:
d 2Y
dY
m 2 C
KY F (t )
dt
dt

Compare with standard form of second order

equation:
2
d Y
dY

2
Y X (t )
2
dt
dt
2

this standard form is widely used in control

theory.

Damping Vibrator
Time constant :

m

K
2

The other parameter :

By definition, both
and must be positive.

C
2
K

Input (forcing
function):

X (t )

F (t )
K

m
K

C2

4mK

Damping Vibrator
Take Laplace Transforms:
d 2Y
dY

2
Y X (t )
2
dt
dt
2

Upon simplification, it becomes:

2 s 2Y (s) 2 sY (s) Y (s) X (s)

Damping Vibrator
Transfer function is:
Y ( s)
1
2 2
X ( s) s 2 s 1

All such systems are defined as second-order.

In contrast to only one parameter for a first
order system, characterization of the dynamics
of a second-order system requires two
parameters, and .

Damping Vibrator
A Second Order System