. . : .

()
() -
.
. -
.
: , , , , , ,
, , , .
Summary
Popov V. Y. From heresy to dogma: prehistory category worldview.
The peculiarities of interpretation of the terms "heresy ()" and "dogma () " in the
context of the dynamics of European philosophical and theological thought in late antiquity and early
Middle Ages reveals n the article. Sets the ratio of their content with category worldview.
Determined by the verbal root is meaningful metamorphosis of their interpretation in ancient Greek
philosophy and in the teachings of the Church fathers.
First, the word "" had a rather broad range of meanings in ancient Greek: from the
conquest to the choice or aspirations. It is widely used by Herodotus, Plato, and Plutarch. Palm and
many other Greek thinkers. "Semantic revolution" regarding the "" and "secta" is only the
beginning of a complete dominance of Orthodox Christianity in the spiritual life of the Empire after
the Council of Chalcedon. These words were given an extremely negative value, and Orthodox
"heresy" that won in disputes, acquires the status of the only true "dogma".
The Greek word "", which is a calque migrated to Latin (dogma), was adopted by
Christian theologians with the vocabulary of ancient philosophy and Roman law. It comes from the
verb "" to think, to believe, to think, but unlike close to it by the origin of the word "" (idea,
suggestion, opinion), meant is not a thought (mind), and the end result is a strong belief, position, or
resolution or order that began or universally accepted religious truth, which became the subject of
undoubted faith. Finally, modern notions of "dogma" takes in the era of the first Ecumenical councils.
Neither in ancient nor in the scholastic philosophy, the concept of "worldview" did not exist,
although the ancient Greeks, ancient Romans, inhabitants of medieval Europe and the Byzantine
Empire had a certain, though not always systematic world views, religious and political beliefs and
beliefs about healthy lifestyles. However, "dogma" and "heresy" were until then neutral in meaning
and is quite common terms of the professional thesaurus of ancient philosophy, which suffered some
unexpected flair. The first of these has come to mean the basics of Orthodox dogma; the second has
become synonymous with negative and hostile worldview. These terms are not identical in content
with the modern concept of "worldview", which was formed only in German classical philosophy, but
they reflect the historical forms of contemporary philosophical and theological reflection on the
human perception of reality and self-determination.
Keywords: , , heresy, dogma, dogmatic, ideology, cosmos theory, theology,
Christianity, philosophy.

133.5:54
. .


.
- .

.
,
, .

416

 : , , , ,
, ,
.
[1]
,
- .
,
-
.
[2-8],
.
, .

- .

.

. (. [2, . 105-107]). ,
, .
, ,
,
.
.
, . .
[4, . 1320-1321].
1 (. , . , . , . )
,
, .
(. , . . , . , . ,
. . ) ,
,
.
(. , . , . , . , . .)

.
, .. ,

, .
(. , . , . .)
.

.
(.. , . , . , . ,
. . ) ,

.
,
.
, ,
.
, - , ,
1

, , ,
, , , , ,
.

417

 ,
. . 1.

. 1.
. . ( )
- Alchemy Web
Site . ,
[5]. ,
, ,
. .
- .
, . , .
,
, . ,
[5].
,
- : (
), - ,

(),
,
/, .
, . .
. 2.

. 2.
.

418

 . 2 ,
, ,
.
, ,
. ,
. 2, , , , New Age.
, , .
. [6].
, , ,
, , ,
(. , . , . , .). , ,
, [6, . 36-37].
. , . , . ,
. . ,
, , ,
.
.
, .. . ,
-
.
, . . ,
- XVIII ., . .
,
. , pars pro toto (
): . - ,
,

(. , . , . ). -
(. , . ) -
,
[6, . 39-41].
- (. , . , .. )
- . ,
,
,
, [6, . 41-42].
[6, . 42].
, -
. ,
.
[9, . 322].
. , ,
, .
( , ... )
, , [6, . 44].
.
, , ,
.
, , ..
.
. - . .
- . . ,
[6, . 46].

419

 .
.
,
, .

, .
, . , ,
, ,
[10].
. . ,
. [6, . 48].
,
.
. , , .
. , .
. , .
. .
, .

(. 3).
,
, .
, . 3 .

. 3.
.
-
-,
. ( ).
- ,
( ) ,
( ). , ,
-, , -,
, , ,
.

. . .

420

, . .
,

[7, . 385]. , ,
, , :
( .. . ),
.
, ,
[7, . 415-417]. ,


.

. 4.
. .
. .
. 4.
,
.
, ,
. ,
(. 3). . .
,
.
. [8],
[2, . 129]
, . , . .
. ,
., , , .
alkimia operativa ( ) alkimia speculativa (
) . , -

, , , .
. - , ,
,
. , , -
[8, . 188]. .
. (. , .. .)
.

421

 . . 5.
alkimia operativa alkimia speculativa. ,
,
.
.
. , ,
,
[2, . 129] ( . 5
).
, . . [2]
,
. , ..
( . ),
( ), (
, -), ,
., .. , . (),
. ,
.

. 5. .
alkimia operativa alkimia speculativa

( 1).
.
.
.
,
. , ,
.

.

):
/ , . ,
. . (
. ),

422

423

 . . ( ). ,
. - ,
, ,
[6, . 41-42].

.
.
,
,
. -
,
,
- .
, :
;
,
;
,
;, ;
.. , . -
;
,

.

1. .. /
.. // . . .
2014. 1-2. . 484-495.
2. .. :
/ .. , .. //
, , . I . . . : .
.. . .; : -, 2013. . 99-135.
3. .. / .. //
, , . I . . . :
. .. . .; : , 2013. . 136-144.
4. Rodygin M.Yu. A Course in Early Chemistry for Undergraduates / M.Yu. Rodygin,
I.V. Rodygina // J. Chem. Educ. 1998. Vol. 75, 10. P. 1320-1322.
5. McLean A. What Exactly is Alchemy? / A. McLean // The Alchemy Web Site [
]. : http://www.alchemywebsite.com/introduction.html
6. .. sol niger / .. // Magnum
Ignotum: . . / [ . . .. ]. .: ,
2012. . 27-196.
7. Principe L.M. Some Problems with the Historiography of Alchemy / L.M. Principe,
W.R. Newman // Secrets of Nature: Astrology and Alchemy in Early Modern Europe / [ed. by
W.R. Newman and A. Grafton]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001.
P. 385-431.
8. Clian G.-F. Alkimia Operativa and Alkimia Speculativa: Some Modern Controversies on the
Historiography of Alchemy / G.-F. Clian // Annual of Medieval Studies at Central European Univ.
2010. Vol. 16. P. 166-190.
9. .. . -
/ .. . : , 2007. 328 .

10. .. / .. //
- . . IV . . . /
[ . .. ]. .: , 2011. . 141-151.

.. . .

-
.

.
,
,
.
: , , ,
, , ,
.
Summary
K.M. Rodygin. A Comparative Typology of Approaches to the Study of the Alchemy
Phenomenon.
The article deals with a comparative typology of approaches to the study of the Western
alchemy phenomenon in the methodological context of social philosophical research.
The survey on the image transformation of the Western alchemy phenomenon in academic
discourse actualizes a vision of alchemy as a phenomenon that can not be reduced to its medieval
existence, and should be considered within contemporary social and philosophical context. It seems
necessary to consider present-day typologies of approaches to the study of this phenomenon, and to
evaluate them critically in the context of methodological principles of social philosophical
investigation of the phenomenon.
Today there are a number of scientific works considering approaches to the study of the alchemy
phenomenon and offering a variety of its classifications. But a question of matching, comparison and
systematization of these classifications remains not fully solved.
A comparison of different authors classifications can remove certain limitations of specific
typologies and draw a stereoscopic picture of the conceptual space of the alchemy phenomenon
studies.
Also, it is important to combine approaches within effective interdisciplinary complexes that
allow to achieve new results, emphasizing the advantages and neutralizing the disadvantages of certain
approaches.
The approaches those are able to provide a balanced and impartial consideration of alchemy as a
holistic sociocultural phenomenon on anti-reductionist, polyparadigmal and interdisciplinary basis are
fundamentally important.
Therefore the cultural-phenomenological and hermeneutical approaches to the study of the
phenomenon of alchemy, and the related approach of Western esotericism academic studies are
considered by author as those ones that can together make a methodological core of study of the
phenomenon of alchemy in social philosophical dimension.
At the same time, there are also fundamentally important: a general concept of alchemy as a
cultural phenomenon; an impartial view inherent in the cultural and phenomenological approaches to
alchemy; principles of hermeneutical analysis of alchemical texts, the broad understanding of the term
text; an interdisciplinary nature of the approach of Western esotericism academic studies;
achievements of Carl Gustav Jung, Mircea Eliade and Traditionalists in the field of understanding of
alchemy spiritual basis; principles of understanding of alchemy developed in recent studies, that
recognize a considerable lability of this phenomenon conceptual dimension and a possibility of its
existence in contemporary society.
Keywords: alchemy, scientism, anti-scientism, comparative typology of approaches,
phenomenological approach, Western esotericism academic studies, sociocultural phenomenon.

425