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It is the bottommost part of a foundation wall, with a course of concrete wider that
the base of the wall, usually reinforced with rebar.
That portion of the foundation of a structure that spreads and transmits the load
directly to the soil.
Generally, the term footing is used in unison with shallow foundations.
The selection of the size and type of footings depends on:
WHAT IS A FOUNDATION?
It is the lowest load bearing part of the building typically below ground level. The
entire masonry substructure below the first floor or frame of a building, including the
footing upon which the building rests.
Foundation has its purpose, to transmit the collective building load to the soil in such
a way that the supporting soil will not be over stressed (overloaded) and will not
undergo deformation that may cause serious building settlements, the transfer
device is called the foundation.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOUNDATION
a. Shallow Foundation
1. Mat or Raft Foundations
- Raft Foundations, also called Mat Foundations, are most often used when
basements are to be constructed. In a raft, the entire basement floor slab
acts as the foundation; the weight of the building is spread evenly over the
entire footprint of the building. It is called a raft because the building is like
a vessel that 'floats' in a sea of soil.
- Mat Foundations are used where the soil is week, and therefore building
loads have to be spread over a large area, or where columns are closely
spaced, which means that if individual footings were used, they would
touch each other.
- Mat foundations are those which are spread across the entire area of the
building to support heavy structural loads from columns and walls.
- These foundations should not be used where the ground water table is
above the bearing surface of the soil. Use of foundation in such conditions
may lead to scour and liquefaction.
COMMON SHAPES:
a. Square
1. Square Block
2. Square sloped
3. Square stepped
b. Rectangular
c. Trapezoidal
d. Long strips
4. Combined Footing
- A combined footing supports two columns. It is used when the two
columns are so close to each other that their individual footings would
overlap. A combined footing is also provided when the property line is so
close to one column that a spread footing would be eccentrically loaded
when kept entirely within the property line. By combining it with that of an
interior column, the load is evenly distributed. A combined footing may be
rectangular or trapezoidal in plan.
5. Strip Footing
-
b. Deep Foundation
Spread Footing
Mat or Raft Foundation
Pile or Pier Foundation
Caissons
Floating Foundations- a special type of foundation applied in location where deep
deposits of compressible cohesive soil exist and use of pile is impractical. It
requires that the building structure was assembled as a combination of mat and
caisson to create a rigid box.
c.3. Metal
FUNCTIONS AND USES OF PILES:
a. As friction pile, the load at the bottom portion is transmitted from the oft strata to
the stiffer lower strata.
b. As friction pile, utilizing the surface of its full length.
c. As soil compactor
d. As end bearing column
e. As stabilizer of banks
f. As batter pile
g. As a dolphin
h. As sheeting
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 2
AR 222S1
FOUNDATION,
FOOTING AND
PILES
SUBMITTED BY:
CARMELA JANE H. ESCALONA
AR22FB1
SUBMITTED TO:
ARCH.ROEL SAMSON
JAN.23, 2016