Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Present:
PUNO, C.J.,
QUISUMBING,
YNARES-SANTIAGO,
SANDOVAL-GUTIERREZ,
CARPIO,
AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ,
CORONA,
CARPIO MORALES,
AZCUNA,
TINGA,
CHICO-NAZARIO,
GARCIA,
VELASCO, JR.,
NACHURA, and
REYES, JJ.
Promulgated:
October 9, 2007
x- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -x
RESOLUTION
PER CURIAM:
On May 3, 2003, the Office of the Court Administrator (OCA) conducted a judicial audit and physical
inventory of cases at the Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs) of Bayombong and Solano, Nueva Vizcaya. Judge Alexander
S. Balut was the acting presiding judge in both courts.
The audit team found that as of audit date, MTC, Solano had 1,590 cases. Of these cases, 31 were
submitted for decision, 101 had pending motions/incidents for resolution, 595 were dormant, 113 had no further
setting in the court calendar and 47 had not been acted upon since the time of filing. The first two groups of cases
had not been decided or resolved within the 90-day reglementary period.
On the other hand, MTC, Bayombong had 1,442 cases. Of these cases, two were submitted for decision, 71
had pending motions/incidents for resolution, 1,015 had no further action for a considerable length of time, 41
had no further setting in the court calendar and 117 cases had no initial action since the time of filing.
As a result of the audit, the OCA directed Judge Balut to explain his failure to decide and resolve cases
within the mandatory period. He was also directed to inform the Court of the causes of the delay in the movement
of the dormant cases.
Judge Balut explained that he failed to decide and resolve cases on time because of his heavy caseload
and designation as acting presiding judge in the MTCs of Bayombong, Solano, Kayapa and Ambaguio. He stated
that he conducted hearings everyday, Mondays at Solano, Tuesdays at Bayombong, Wednesdays and Thursdays
at Aritao-Sta. Fe,[1] and alternately in Ambaguio and Kayapa on Fridays. He claimed that his human capabilities
had already been taxed to the limits and that it would entail superhuman effort to timely accomplish all the work
in his various court assignments.
Judge
Balut
also
claimed
that
conducting
preliminary
investigations
had
exacerbated
his
caseload. Furthermore, his lack of a legal researcher contributed to his failure to act on the cases with
dispatch. He also alleged that as early as 1998, he had sought exemption from the mandatory period to render
judgment.
In August 2003, another judicial audit was conducted in the MTCs of Solano and Bayombong, as well as in
the other courts presided over by Judge Balut. A comparison of the first and second audits of both the Solano and
Bayombong MTCs disclosed that a large number of cases remained unacted upon by Judge Balut.
The Municipal Circuit Trial Court (MCTC) of Aritao-Sta. Fe, on the other hand, had 292 pending cases. There
were no cases submitted for decision and only one case had a pending motion for resolution. However, there were
161 dormant cases and 19 cases with no further setting in the court calendar.
Judge Balut explained that he failed to act on the cases pending in MCTC, Aritao-Sta. Fe because of his
designation in four other courts. He also claimed that the scheduling of cases for hearing was solely undertaken
by the Clerk of Court. However, after the audit, he had instructed the concerned personnel to immediately
calendar the cases which had no settings yet. He had also immediately acted on some dormant cases by
dismissing or archiving them.
Aside from the judicial audit, a financial audit was also conducted in the MTCs of Bayombong and Solano as
well as the MCTC of Aritao-Sta. Fe.
In the MTC, Bayombong, where Judith En. Salimpade was Clerk of Court II, the audit team found an
unremitted amount of P18,702.00 representing the courts collection from August 3, 2003 to August 18, 2003. Said
amount was deposited only on August 18, 2003, upon advise by the audit team, in the Land Bank of
the Philippines account.Furthermore, 31 booklets of accountable forms issued to Ms. Salimpade by the Property
Division, SC and OCA were not accounted for. Also, the court had a total Judiciary Development Fund (JDF)
collection of P348,993.60 from January 1990 to August 2003. However, only P186,330.98 was remitted by Ms.
Salimpade leaving a balance ofP162,662.62; the total Clerk of Court General Fund (CCGF) collections from January
1996 to August 2003 (audit scope) showed an unremitted amount of P30,411.70; and as of August 31, 2003 the
Fiduciary Fund had a total cash shortage of P1,864,304.27 which covered the collections from 1995 to August
2003.
In
sum,
the
shortages
in
the
various
funds
incurred
by
Salimpade
as
of August
31,
acknowledgement receipt. Ramos further stated that Judge Balut also collected the money through Salvador
Briones, Court Interpreter of MCTC-Aritao-Sta. Fe, whose signature also appeared at the back portion of
withdrawal slips as cash recipient. The total withdrawals from the Fiduciary Fund Account given to Judge Balut, as
evidenced by withdrawal slips bearing the signatures of Judge Balut and Briones, for the benefit of the former, as
cash recipients, amounted to P193,500.00.
Aside from these, withdrawals from the Fiduciary Fund account totaling P90,500.00 were also given to
Judge Balut. On the face of the slips of this class of withdrawals were notations such as Judge, for Judge, taken by
Judge xxx and given to Judge written by Ramos.
On May 9, 2002 Judge Balut issued a Certification[9] stating that his accountability with the Fiduciary Fund
collection of MCTC Aritao-Sta. Fe as of April 2002 amounted to P207,774.42.
However,
before
the
final
report
on
the
courts
shortages
was
completed,
various
amounts
totaling P802,299.82 were deposited by Judge Balut, Esconde and Ramos in the courts LBP Account No. 32510544-51, as restitution/payment of part of the shortage of P846,710.00.
As of August, 2004, Ramos had fully settled the balance of her accountability. On the other hand, Esconde
still had a balance of accountability in MCTC, Aritao-Sta. Fe ofP58,100.00 which, as of the time this case was
submitted by the OCA for the Courts consideration, has remained unsettled.
Finding the respective explanations of Judge Balut, Salimpade, Esconde and Ramos unsatisfactory, the OCA
recommended to this Court on March 17, 2005 that:
A. [The OCA] report be docketed as a regular administrative matter against Judge Alexander Balut,
Clerk of Court Judith En. Salimpade, Clerk of Court Lydia Ramos and Clerk of Court Eduardo
Esconde.
B. Judge Alexander Balut be DISMISSED from the service for gross neglect of duty, gross
inefficiency, dishonesty and grave misconduct with forfeiture of all of the benefits and
disqualification from reinstatement or appointment to any public office, including government
owned or controlled corporation.
C. Ms. Judith En. Salimpade be DISMISSED from the service for dishonesty and grave misconduct
and directed to restitute the amount of P1,817,378.59 representing the amount of shortages in
her collections. The Office of Administrative Services, OCA be directed to compute Ms.
Salimpades leave credits and forward the same to the Finance Division, Fiscal Management
Office-OCA which shall compute the money value of the same, the amount to be deducted from
the computed shortages to be restituted.
D. Legal Office, OCA be directed to file appropriate criminal charges against Judge Alexander Balut,
Ms. Lydia O. Ramos, and Ms. Judith En. Salimpade.
E. A hold departure order be issued against Ms. Judith Salimpade and Eduardo Esconde and Judge
Alexander Balut.
F. Mrs. Lydia Ramos be DIRECTED to pay the amount of P30.00 representing her shortage in the
collection of Clerk of Court General Fund, submitting copy of the machine validated deposit slip
to the Fiscal Monitoring Division, CMO and be FINED in the amount of P5,000.00 for violation of
Supreme Court and OCA Circulars which shall be deducted from her retirement benefits.
G. Mr. Eduardo Esconde be immediately relieved as accountable officer of MTC Solano and he be
directed to restitute the shortages in the fiduciary fund account in the amount of P58,000.00,
when he was Clerk of Court of the MCTC, Aritao-Sta. Fe, Nueva Vizcaya, submitting the machine
validated deposit slip to the Financial Monitoring Division, CMO. [10]
In its March 1, 2006 Memorandum[11] to the Court, however, the OCA adjusted its findings and recommended
that:
A.
In the matter of the audits conducted in the MTCs of Bayombong and Solano and MCTC AritaoSta. Fe, Nueva Vizcaya, Judge Alexander S. Balut be fined P10,000.00, with the stern warning
that a repetition of the same or similar offense will be dealt with more severely.
B.
The recommendations as to the other court personnel involved stand as per the Memorandum
to Chief Justice Hilario G. Davide, Jr. dated 17 March 2005.[12]
Furthermore, Supreme Court Administrative Circular No. 5-93 [20] provides that collections for the JDF shall
be deposited everyday with the local or nearest branch of the Land Bank of the Philippines. If depositing daily was
not possible, deposits for the judiciary fund shall be every second and third Fridays and at the end of every
month. In case the collections reached P500.00, the same shall be deposited immediately even before the days
indicated.
As the acting/duly appointed presiding judge, Judge Balut had the responsibility of seeing to it that the
respective clerks of court in his different court assignments performed their duties and observed the circulars issued
by the Supreme Court. In Report on the Financial Audit in RTC, General Santos City and the RTC & MTC of
Polomolok, South Cotabato[21] the Court held:
Indeed, clerks of court are the chief administrative officers of their respective courts; with
regard to the collection of legal fees, they perform a delicate function as judicial officers entrusted
with the correct and effective implementation of regulations thereon. Even the undue delay in the
remittances of amounts collected by them at the very least constitutes misfeasance.On the other
hand, a vital administrative function of a judge is the effective management of his
court[,] and this includes control of the conduct of the court's ministerial officers. It
should be brought home to both that the safekeeping of funds and collections is essential to the
goal of an orderly administration of justice and no protestation of good faith can override the
mandatory nature of the Circulars designed to promote full accountability for government funds.
[22]
(Emphasis supplied.)
The records show, prima facie, that Judge Balut dismally failed to discharge his responsibility. Worse, by
borrowing money from the court funds, he knowingly made the clerks of court violate circulars on the proper
administration of court funds. However, considering that Judge Balut was not given proper opportunity to explain
his side on the results of the financial audit, we cannot, in the present case, justly rule on any administrative
liability that he may have incurred.
Nevertheless, his signatures on the withdrawal slips as recipient of the cash withdrawn from the funds with
MCTC, Aritao-Sta. Fe, and on the deposit slips; the certification which he made regarding his accountability; the
certifications made by the involved clerks of court to the effect that he had settled his accountabilities, when
taken with the statements of Salimpade, Esconde and Ramos that he asked for and was handed sums of money
from the funds in their custody, constitute sufficient basis for the initiation of criminal cases against him, in
particular for violation of Republic Act No. 3019, Section 3(a). [23]
As to the liabilities of Judith En. Salimpade. As of August 31, 2003, Salimpade incurred shortages
totaling P2,057,378.59. She confessed to giving in to the requests of Judge Balut for money, which she however
failed
to
document. She
also
admitted
to
taking
money
from
her
collections
to
lend
to
her
co-
employees. Undeniably, she failed to comply with the circulars of the court requiring the immediate deposit of
collections for the various funds in her custody. She treated court funds as if these were her own and did with these
as she pleased. This Court cannot tolerate or condone such conduct. As custodians of court funds and revenues,
clerks of court have always been reminded of their duty to immediately deposit the various funds received by them
to the authorized government depositories for they are not supposed to keep the funds in their custody. [24] Failure to
do so constitutes gross neglect of duty, dishonesty and grave misconduct, [25] which offenses carry with them the
penalty of dismissal from office. The said failure also constitutes sufficient basis for the initiation of a criminal case
against her for malversation, as defined under Article 217[26] of the Revised Penal Code.
As to Eduardo Esconde. The OCA recommends that the administrative sanction against him be held in
abeyance until full financial audit of his books of account in Solano has been undertaken, so that his full
accountability can be established. We agree with OCA on the need for a full financial audit. However, with regard
to administrative liability, we find the evidence on record sufficient for us to make a decision.
In the MTC, Solano, Esconde incurred a shortage of P106,527.80, which he deposited only on August 28,
2003. In the MCTC, Aritao-Sta. Fe, he incurred a shortage ofP472,900.00 in the Fiduciary Fund and restituted
only P414,800.00 on October 28, 2003. He, thus still has unsettled accountabilities of P58,100.00. Esconde claims
Judge Balut borrowed money from the court funds. Clearly, on this score, he violated Court directives on the proper
administration of the various funds. He had no authority to allow anyone, not even his superior, to use or borrow the
court funds for personal purposes. To repeat, as clerk of court, he has the responsibility to deposit all collections
upon receipt thereof with the authorized government depository bank [27] and to see to it that withdrawals are made
only for the purposes stated in the Court circulars. Failure to fulfill these responsibilities constitutes gross neglect of
duty which deserves administrative sanction. Aside from being the custodian of the courts funds and revenues,
property and premises, a clerk of court is also entrusted with the primary responsibility of correctly and effectively
implementing regulations regarding fiduciary funds.[28] Under the Civil Service Rules and the Omnibus Rules
implementing it, gross neglect of duty is penalized with dismissal from the service.
As in the case of Salimpade, Escondes failure to turn over the funds in his custody and to adequately
explain and present evidence thereon constitutes sufficient basis for the initiation of a criminal case against him
for malversation.
Lastly, we discuss the liability of Lydia Ramos. The audit showed discrepancies between the reported total
collections and the actual amount remitted to the Clerk of Court General Fund. Likewise, it revealed shortages in
the Fiduciary Fund account. Although Ramos settled the shortages, she is nevertheless still administratively
liable[29] for the violations of Supreme Court Administrative Circulars Nos. 5-93 and 8A-93. Delay in the remittance
of collections constitutes neglect of duty for which she is administratively liable. The failure to remit judiciary
collections on time deprives the court of interest that may be earned if the amounts are deposited in a bank.
[30]
However, in determining the applicable penalty in this case, the Court noted that Ramos made the earnest
efforts to properly administer the funds in her custody; that she fully remitted all her collections; that she has no
outstanding accountabilities; that she has already retired last June 5, 2004; and for humanitarian considerations,
[31]
failing to resolve 101 motions within the 90-day reglementary period. He is FINED twenty thousand pesos
(P20,000.00), with a stern warning that a repetition of the same shall be dealt with more severely.
2. Judith En. Salimpade GUILTY of gross neglect of duty, dishonesty and grave misconduct. She
is DISMISSED from the service. She is DIRECTED to RESTITUTEthe amount of P1,817,378.59 representing the
amount of shortages in her collections. Her withheld salaries are to be applied to her accountabilities. The Office
of Administrative Services, OCA is DIRECTED to compute Ms. Salimpades leave credits and forward the same to
the Finance Division, Fiscal Management Office-OCA which shall compute the money value of the same, the
amount to be deducted from the shortages to be restituted.
3. Eduardo
Esconde GUILTY of
gross
neglect
of
duty. He
is DISMISSED from
the
service. He
is
SO ORDERED.