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2. Intellectual skills
This type of learning outcomes differs from declarative knowledge
objectives because students learn not only for recall but also to apply
knowledge that they have learnt in that meeting. Intellectual skill is
knowing how but declarative knowledge is knowing that. So that is
why in declarative, student only recall what they have got.
Different from declarative knowledge, in intellectual, teachers usually ask
the student to apply or speak up using the materials. So, we can make the
exercises for speaking tests. The first example, we ask them to work in
pairs. After that, ask them to make a question using unreal condition with
if clause. One student make, at least, five questions, and if they have
finished, tell them to interview their partner. The second example, ask the
student to construct some sentences using this material and then ask them
to speak in front of their classmate. So, it can makes them apply what they
have got.
The assessment:
1. Performance assessment
They defined perfomance assesment as testing complex, higher order
knowledge and skills in the real-world context in which they are actually
used, generally with open-ended tasks that require subtantial examine time
to complete. The types of assesments that have been included in this
category are obsevation open-ended problems, microworlds, essay,
simulation, project, and portfolics. We will describe four of the most
common performance assesment forms-on the job observation ,
simulation, essay, and portfolics-in this section.
a. Observation of On-the-Job performance
Probably the best way to see if students have learned what we want
them to learn at the neccessary level is to take them into the real world
and have them performwhat they have been insturcted to do. Then we
could confirm that the learner can actually find the problem and fix it
and that she goes about is in a proper way. In this case our test
instrumental might he a cheecklist containing all of the things the
learner should do in order to adcquately repair the vcr.
The best way to see if students have learned what we want them to
learn at the necessary level is to take them into the real world. So, ask
them to speak in front of the class using that material is the best way,
because they have to apply all the material in the real world or in the
real activities. Their performance shows how they have learned.
b. Simulation
Simulations
are
excellent
assessment
forms,
particularly
for
assesment.
These
include
standards
of
validity,
the
tasks,
content
quality, content
coverage,
meaningfulness, cost, and efficiency. The acceptability of these tradeoffs is critical trade-offis among these criteria when designing
performance assesment. The more critically these competency will
infuence the more designers must sacifice practicalisty for the of the
vodility and reliability. For this criteria include the same standards for
good tests that have been presented. Here, the teacher evaluates all
the students test of writing, whether it is good based on the material or
not.
2. Pencil-and-paper assessment forms
Completion and short answer terms way be used to asses declarative
knowledge intelectually skills, attitude (to some extent), cognitive
strategies and portions of motor skills pencil and paper test can be
designed in three different form recall, recognize.
3
a. Recall items
Such as the declarative knowledge rousine that support motor skill.
Recall items asl learners to simply reproduce the knowledge that they
have been presented in instruction , in verbatim, paraphrase, or
summarize form. These items place a high demand on memory but less
demand on higher resoning process. They generally take the form of
written items, such as short answer, fill in the balnk, or completion
items. When we give them some questions using if clause, they can
match it with the right unreal conditional. So, they recall their
knowledge about unreal conditional with if clause material.
b. Recognition items
Recognition items require the learner to recognize or identify the
correct answer from a group of alternative. This types of item may be
used to asses declarative knowledge that has been memorized, such as
the following item. For this assesment the teahcer not only give
explain and give question to make easy the result about it. Although
multiple chooice are the most commonly used type of recognition
item, matching and true-false items also can be used as recognition
items.
And also for this materials the teacher also make the sentence with
correct or incorrect pairs and the learners will know weither true or
false.