4D BIM

4D BIM, an acronym for 4D Building Information Modeling and a term widely used in the CAD industry, refers
to the intelligent linking of individual 3D CAD components or assemblies with time- or schedule-related
information.[1] [2] The use of the term 4D is intended to
refer to the fourth dimension: time, i.e. 4D is 3D plus
schedule (time).[3]

project implementation, partnering with the supply chain

and production of components, and is in keeping with
Egans vision: sustained improvement should then be delivered through use of techniques for eliminating waste
and increasing value for the customer.
As an advanced construction management technique, it
is increasingly used by project delivery teams working
on larger projects.[16][17][18] For example, it is used in the
construction of projects including tall buildings, bridges,
highways, tunnels, university campuses and hospital complexes, luxury residential, residential and infrastructure
such as courthouses, levee systems, hydro-electric power
generation stations, mining and industrial process facilities. 4D BIM has traditionally been used for higher end
projects due to the associated costs, but technologies are
now emerging that allow the process to be used by laymen
or to drive processes such as manufacture.[19][20][21][22][23]

The construction of the 4D models enables the various participants (from architects, designers, contractors to clients) of a construction project, to visualize
the entire duration of a series of events and display the
progress of construction activities through the lifetime
of the project.[4][5][6] This BIM-centric approach towards
project management technique has a very high potential
to improve the project management and delivery of construction project, of any size or complexity.

History

2 See also

In 1998, Sir John Egan, in his report Rethinking Construction,[7] argued that certain principles and management techniques could successfully cross-over from other
industries like manufacturing to serve the project delivery
demands of the construction industry. The Egan Report
cited Technology as a Tool":

5D BIM
6D BIM

3 References

One area in which we know new technology

to be a very useful tool is in the design of
buildings and their components, and in the exchange of design information throughout the
construction team. There are enormous benets to be gained, in terms of eliminating waste
and rework for example, from using modern
CAD technology to prototype buildings and
by rapidly exchanging information on design
changes. Redesign should take place on computer, not on the construction site.

[1] 4D BIM or Simulation-Based Modeling.

turemag.org. Retrieved 9 January 2016.

struc-

[2] Mills, Fred. What is 4D BIM?". www.TheB1M.com.

The B1M Limited. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
[3] ASHRAE Introduction to BIM, 4D and 5D. cadsoftconsult.com. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
[4] NIBS BIM Initiatives. wbdg.org. Retrieved 29 May
2012.
[5] Interactive 4D-CAD by Kathleen McKinney, Jennifer
Kim, Martin Fischer, Craig Howard (PDF). stanford.edu. Retrieved 29 May 2012.

4D BIM adds a new dimension (time) to 3D CAD

or solid modelling, it enables a sequence of events to
be depicted visually on a time line that has been populated by a 3D model (augmenting traditional Gantt
charts and Critical Path (CPM) schedules often used in
project management).[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Construction sequences can be reviewed as a series of problems
using 4D BIM, enabling users to explore options, manage solutions and optimize results. It enables construction product development, collaborative and transparent

[6] Introduction to 4D Research by Martin Fischer. stanford.edu. Retrieved 29 May 2012.

[7] Egan, J. (1998) Rethinking Construction: Report of the
Construction Task Force, London: HMSO. (Copy of report available on Constructing Excellence website: report.
Accessed: 8 September 2014.)
[8] GSA Web Site. Archived from the original on 12
November 2009. Retrieved 29 May 2012.

[9] 4D BIM: The Evolution of Construction Scheduling.

Retrieved 29 May 2012.
[10] 4D BIM Modeling: Improve Cost, Scheduling and Coordination of Building Project. architecturalevangelist.com. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
[11] Rethinking Construction 10 years on?". constructionstudent.co.uk. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
[12] Towards 5D CAD Dynamic Cost and Resource Planning for Specialist Contractors by William O'Brien.
asce.org. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
[13] 4D construction simulation. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
[14] A case study on constructing 3D / 4D BIM models from
2D drawings and paper-based documents using a school
building project by S L Fan, S C Kang, S H Hsieh, Y H
Chen, C H Wu, J R Juang. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
[15] Building Information Modeling (BIM) Guidelines and
Standards for Architects, Engineers, and Contractors
(PDF). Retrieved 29 May 2012.
[16] Trends of 4D CAD applications for construction planning by David Heesom and Lamine Mahdjoubi. psu.edu.
Retrieved 29 May 2012.
[17] Using 4D CAD and Immersive Virtual Environments
to Improve Construction Planning by Sai Yerrapathruni,
John I. Messner, Anthony J. Baratta and Michael J. Horman (PDF). psu.edu. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
[18] 4D CAD Application Examples and Directions for Development in Civil Engineering Projects by Joong-Min
Kwak, Gwang-Yeol Choi, Nam-Jin Park, Hwa-Jin Seo
and Leen-Seok Kang (PDF). ipedr.com. Retrieved 29
May 2012.
[19] 4D BIM from Vico website. vicosoftware.com. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
[20] Management Pracitices in Construction by Mohammad
kasirossafar. ci-asce.org. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
[21] 4d CAD and Visualization in Construction: Developments
and Applications by Raja R. A. Issa, Ian Flood, William J.
O'Brien. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
[22] BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers, and Contractors by Chuck Eastman, Charles M. Eastman, Paul Teicholz, Rafael Sacks. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
[23] Modeling & Simulation-Based Data Engineering: Introducing Pragmatics into Ontologies for Net-Centric Information Exchange by Bernard P. Zeigler (Author), Phillip
E. Hammonds (Author)". Retrieved 29 May 2012.

REFERENCES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

4.1

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4.3

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