Clase de Contrato - 2016 Cap 3 - Cap 4

Agenda
CE 6520 Construction Contracting and Procurement
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Justice without force is

powerless; force without
justice is tyrannical.
Blaise Pascal
Lea su contrato en especial sus obligaciones

de notificaciones.
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Chapter 3
The Prime Contract - An Overview
The Nature Of The Contractual Services Provided
o
o
o
o
Prime Contract
Design Only Services
10
o
o
Construct Only Services

Design/Build Services
Turnkey and Fast-Track Design-Construct Services
Construction Management Services
11
12
Commercial Terms
13
14
Cost Plus Percentage Fee Terms

Cost Plus Fixed Fee Terms
15
16
o
o
o
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22
o
o
Target Estimate (Cost Plus Incentive Fee) Terms

Guaranteed Maximum Price Terms
Fixed-Price Contracts
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The Parties to Construction-related Prime Contracts

Prime Contracts
1st. Tier
Triggers all the other 2nd., 3rd. and beyond tiers
They are not all the same.
They all have the basic elements

Offer
Acceptance
Consideration
Multiple type and formats

One of a kind
Prepared by Professional Associations
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Agenda
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Prime Contracts
Owner Design & Construction Services
Owner - Turnkey and Fast Track Design & Construction Services
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Owner Design Services

Owner Construction Services: As a General Contractor
Owner - Construction Manager

o As an Agent of the Owner
o As an Independent Contractor but still as a Construction Manager
o As General Contractor
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The Nature of the Contractual Services Provided

Owner - Design Services
Includes the preparation of a complete set of drawings and specifications used to secure bids and
to construct the project.
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Conceptual
Preliminary
Detail Design
Environmental & Permits

Purchasing of Equipment
Preparation of Bid Packages
Preparation of the Scope of Work, List of Drawings & List of Specifications

Assistance during the Bid Process
Technical Evaluation of Bids & Technical Recommendation
o
o
o
Drawings & Specifications
Construction Support
o
Supervision of the Construction Work
Designated Inspection Services
o
o
Request of Information (RFI)
Design Change Notifications
o
o
Approval of Submittals
Evaluation of Construction Changes
o
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Owner-Architect Contracts and Owner-Engineer Contracts
82
Owner Design Services
Highly regulated practice

o
Professional Requirements
Colegio de Ingenieros y Agrimensores de Puerto Rico

Colegio de Arquitectos y Arquitectos Paisajistas de
Puerto Rico
Professional License
10
Multiple Design Codes
11
12
Multiple Environmental and Permits Requirements
13
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Owner-Architect Contracts and Owner-Engineer Contracts
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Formas Autorizadas de Contratar Servicios Profesional

o
Como Individuo
Como una sociedad dos o mas profesionales.
Como una Corporacin Profesional (P.S.C.*).
Como un limited liability partnership (LLP).
Riesgos
Problemas de prctica ilegal.
Declaren el contrato nulo.
No puede cobrar.
Se caen las clusulas de limitacin de responsabilidad.
Comparar la Prctica como Individuo, Sociedad, PSC
* Professional Services Corporation
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Comentarios adicionales
o
Ingeniero/Arquitecto/Agrimensor como Oficial Cuasi

Pblico.
Reglamento Conjunto
Significado de Certificacin
70. Certificacin de Planas o Documentos- Declaracin del Agrimensor,

Arquitecto o ingeniero, todos licenciados, que diseo el plano para la
construccin de una obra, utilizando el formulario establecido para tales
propsitos, certificando que los planos y dems documentos requeridos estn en
conformidad con las leyes, reglamentos y especificaciones establecidas,
conforme disponen la Ley Num. 135 de 15 de junio de 1967, segn enmendada,
la Ley Num. 7 de 19 de julio de 1985, segn enmendada y la Ley Num. 161,
supra.
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Tomo 1, Captulo 4, Definiciones, Reglamento Conjunto para La Evaluacin y Expedicin De Permisos
Relacionados al Desarrollo y Uso de Terrenos, Junta de Planificacin, 24 de marzo de 2015.
Agenda
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Certificacin del
Proyectista,
Especialista
o
Constructor
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Certificacin del Especialista Con Firma Digital
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Nota:
17
22
Yo no es necesaria la firma digital segn la Orden

Administrativa de la OGPe 2013-01, 3 de abril 2013.
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Quien Podra ser Inspector Designado?
Diseador/Proyectista/Especialista
Dueo
10
Empleado del Dueo
11
12
El Contratista
13
14
Empleado del Contratista
15
16
Una corporacin profesional o un empleado de esta.
17
22
Una corporacin regular.
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16. Inspector de Obra- Ingeniero o arquitecto licenciado y

colegiado a quien el dueo de una obra le ha encomendado
su inspeccin. Ni el contratista de la obra, ni sus dueos o
empleados podran fungir como inspectores de la obra que
construyen. Sin embargo, cuando se trate de cualquier
organismo gubernamental que construya obras especializadas
por administracin, que haya demostrado a satisfaccin de la
OGPe y cuente con una certificacin al efecto, que sus
unidades de construccin e inspeccin de obras estn
organizadas para funcionar totalmente independientes una de
la otra y que se asegurara la debida proteccin al inters
pblico, se podr rescindir de dicha prohibicin.
Tomo 1, Captulo 4, Definiciones, Reglamento Conjunto para La Evaluacin y Expedicin De Permisos
Relacionados al Desarrollo y Uso de Terrenos, Junta de Planificacin, 24 de marzo de 2015..
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Seccin 14.3.5 Prohibiciones
Agenda
a. El Inspector de Obra no podr tener ningn parentesco,

inters econmico con el dueo de la obra, accionistas o
inversionistas de la obra.
b. El Inspector de Obra no podr fungir como contratista
de la obra.
Tomo II, Captulo 14, Certificacin De Obras y Permisos, Reglamento Conjunto para La Evaluacin y
Expedicin De Permisos Relacionados al Desarrollo y Uso de Terrenos, Junta de Planificacin, 24 de
marzo de 2015.
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List of
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Contrato de Designacin de Inspector
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Certificacin del Inspector Designado
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d) La construccin de dicha obra fue inspeccionada por m y que la misma

cumple con lo expresado en el permiso de construccin otorgado con base a
los planos certificados por el
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Certificacin del Inspector Designado
e) La obra inspeccionada por m no ha sufrido cambios de los detalles y

datos incluidos en los planos y especificaciones aprobados, incluyendo las
correspondientes enmiendas.
g) Valor de la obra, segn terminada para su uso particular $ .___________
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Certificacin del Contratista o Constructor
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Owner - Construction Services : As General Contractor
The actual builder.
10
Specialties are subcontracted.
11
12
Most traditional way to contract.
13
14
Determines the means, methods, techniques, sequence.

Directs the actual construction operations.
15
16
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Substantial amount of work is self performed.
a.
Most expensive Owner.
b.
Lowest risk to the Owner.
c.
Best profits potential profits for the Contractor.

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Owner - Construction Services: As General Contractor
Full risk to the Contractor.
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GC is responsible for the schedule and the estimate.
Full responsibility of the subcontractors (performance and

coordination)
Full responsibility for its employees.
Fully responsible for legislated liabilities.
Vicios de Construccin
Art. 1488. Responsabilidad del contratista por trabajo hecho por sus
empleados. (31 L.P.R.A. sec. 4129)
El contratista es responsable del trabajo ejecutado por las personas que
ocupare en la obra.
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(Cdigo Civil, 1930, art. 1488.)
Agenda
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Owner - Construction Services As General Contractor
Como el contrato de construccin est tipificado como de arrendamiento de obra, la

nica persona legalmente vinculada con el propietario de la obra es el contratista
principal, siendo intrascendente, salvo pacto en contrario, que ste realizare la
obra por s mismo o mediante subcontratas; por consiguiente, el derecho a demandar
indemnizacin por servicios extras y costos adicionales de los subcontratistas est
implcito en el contrato del principal.
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Mitsui & Co. v. Puerto Rico Water Resources Authority, 528 F. Supp.
768 (1981).
Por regla general, un contratista responder de toda clase de vicios que deba
conocer segn la diligencia a que est obligado, y es adems responsable del trabajo
ejecutado por las personas que ocupare en la obra, incluyendo el trabajo del
arquitecto, de haber usado los servicios de uno.
Gigel v. Mariani, 85 D.P.R. 46 (1962).

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Owner - Design/Build Services
Design and Construction done by one entity or a group of

entities
Advantages
Single source of responsibility
10
Better communications
11
12
Less conflicts for the Owner
13
14
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Disadvantages
o
Potential ethical conflicts for A/E
Need to be sure professional laws are not violated
Most major projects done in this mode.
Agenda
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List of
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Poltica Institucional del Contrato de Diseo y Construccin (Design/Build)

Colegio de Ingenieros y Agrimensores de Puerto Rico
11 de julio de 2015
Reconoce que en los ltimos aos se ha visto un incremento significativo en el uso de la modalidad
conocida como Design/Build (D/B) para la contratacin de obras de construccin.
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Recientes Acontecimientos
El Colegio de Ingenieros y Agrimensores de Puerto Rico (CIAPR) reconoce la utilidad de este mtodo
de contratacin, as como su aceptacin en la industria.
Advierte sobre el caso de CIAPR V. A.A.A., 131 D.P.R. 135 (1997) donde se cuestiono un contrato que
asignaba funciones de ingeniera a una corporacin no autorizada para ello.
Seala que por lo regular la empresa seleccionada para actuar como D/C por lo general ya ha
identificado al momento de su contratacin quienes sern los profesionales que tendrn a su cargo
estas funciones.
Conociendo de antemano quienes sern estos profesionales y para salvar cualquier viso de ilegalidad, es
la recomendacin del CIAPR que en dicha contratacin y sin menoscabar la responsabilidad primaria del
D/C hacia el dueo, elemento central a la misma, se establezcan los mecanismos contractuales
adecuados que permitan la comparecencia directa de los profesionales envueltos, y que aseguren
que las funciones que conlleven la prctica de las profesiones en sta contratacin le sean delegadas a y
asumidas directamente por estos.
Menciona en una nota al calce las posibles consideraciones ticas que pueda tener la contratacin de
99
los profesionales por una entidad que no es la beneficiaria ltima de la obra pero no lo discuten.
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Recientes Acontecimientos
Accurate Solutions & Design, Inc. v. Heritage Environmental Services Puerto
Rico, L.L.C., et al.
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11
12
Contrato de bsicamente Design/Built o Turnkey
13
14
Cliente cancela el contrato y rehsa pagar alegando lo establecido en el caso de Metcalf &
Eddy.
15
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Tribunal de Instancia y el Tribunal de Apelaciones sostienen la posicin del Dueo: que el

contrato suscrito entre las partes constitua una prctica ilegal de la ingeniera.
17
22
Concierne en torno al modo y las formalidades requeridas para promover los proyectos de
energa renovable que han sido declarados parte de la poltica pblica de Puerto Rico.
Particularmente, si la promocin de estos proyectos solamente puede ser ofrecida por
ingenieros licenciados.
Proyecto de placas solares.
Tribunal Supremo revoca.

Abre la puerta a los Design/Built o se limita nicamente a los proyectos de energa
renovable debido a la poltica pblica adoptada?
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Owner - Turnkey and Fast-Track Design-Construct Services
All turnkey contracts are necessarily design-construct, but many designconstruct contracts are not turnkey.
The contractor performs basically every task: Permit, design, procurement,

etc
A fast-track project is one in which the construction phase is started at a point

when only limited design work has been completed. (Paso ligero.)
a.
Advantages
o
a.
b.
Faster execution due to better communications

Single source of responsibility
Less conflicts for the Owner
Disadvantages
o
o
o
o
Potential ethical conflicts for A/E

Need to be sure professional laws are not violated
Potential for changes
Most expensive execution
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11

Owner - Construction Management
Manage the construction aspects but no self performance involve
As an Agent of the Owner
o
Cheaper to the Owner
Riskier to the Owner: Owner is responsible for the schedule

and the estimate
12
Construction Manager is basically a supplier of personnel
13
14
Minimum Risk to the Construction Manager
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22
Less Profit for Contractor Usually limited to the profit per

individual
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As an Independent Contractor but still Construction Manager
In agreement with the Owner
o
Less expensive to the Owner.
Less riskier to the Owner.
Riskier to the Construction Manager. CM own the schedule

and the estimate.
Responsible for all the contractors on site.
Better profits for the CM.

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As a General Contractor but executing as a Construction
Manager
o
Most expensive Owner.
No risk to the Owner: CM is responsible for the schedule

and the estimate
Riskier to the Construction Manager. CM own the

schedule and the estimate. But the risk is spread to the
subcontractors.
Best profits to the CM.

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Owner - Construction Management Final Notes
A Non Professional Corporation Cannot Perform Engineering

Services*
10
Non regulated term
11
12
Puerto Rico Supreme Court case looked into these services. No

decision.
13
14
15
16
Under what circumstances could a Construction Manager contract to

perform CM with Engineering Services?
17
22
o
o
o
Design
Approve Submittals and Shop Drawings
Answer RFI that involve engineering solutions
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Construction Management
La falta de una definicin uniforme de lo que significa Gerencia de Construccin ha dificultado

la labor de los tribunales en aquellos casos en los que hay que decidir las responsabilidades y
funciones del gerente de construccin. Vanse, por ejemplo: Gibson v. Heiman, 547 S.W. 2d 111
(1977), y Attlin Const. v. Muncie Community Schools, 413 N.E. 2d 281 (Ind. Ct. App. 1980).
Sin embargo, por no ser necesario, no determinaremos si la Gerencia de Construccin

constituye prctica de la ingeniera como solicita en su demanda el Colegio. No obstante,
aunque nos abstengamos en este momento de determinar si la Gerencia de Construccin constituye
o no una prctica de la ingeniera, hay que reconocer que ciertas reas de la Gerencia de
Construccin inciden en la prctica de la ingeniera. Aunque no exista estatuto alguno que requiera
que el gerente de construccin sea de una profesin determinada, resolvemos que las gestiones
particulares que comprendan cualesquiera aspectos tcnicos de la ingeniera que se realicen
bajo la supervisin del Gerente de Construccin, ste vendr obligado a utilizar profesionales
debidamente autorizados y colegiados.
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131 D.P.R. 735 (1992) COLEGIO DE INGENIEROS V. A.A.A.
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Conventional Design and then Built Project

Conceptual/Prel
Design
Environmental
Review Process
Detail Design
Pre-Construction
Permits
Construction
Permit Phase
Permits during
Construction Phase
Use Permits
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Fast Track Project

Paso Ligero*
Conceptual/Prel
Design
Environmental
Review Process
Detail Design
Pre-Construction
Permits
Construction Phase
Permit during
Construction Phase
Use Permits
Paso Ligero, Pagina 6, Construccin de Obras y Mejoras Permanentes en el
Gobierno en el Gobierno, Oficina del Contralor, Estado Libre Asociado,
Mayo 2006.
Agenda
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Commercial Terms
Establish the Method of Payments
Defines where the financial risk of performance
lies
Types
o
Cost Reimbursable Terms

Performed with the Owners funds
Regular payments
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Commercial Terms
Sometimes referred to as a cost plus or a time and materials
basis.
The owner agrees to reimburse the costs incurred by the
provider of the services and, in addition, to pay a fee equal to
a fixed percentage of incurred costs that is stipulated in the
contract.
Advantages
o Faster execution
o Project Definition minimum-sufficient to enable start
o The most flexible type of contract, allowing a very rapid
start
o Less risk to the Contractor Certainty in the profit 110
projections
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Commercial Terms
Disadvantages
o
Contractor has no monetary incentive to minimize cost to Owner
Owner has no assurance of final cost.
Owner has to check and verify Contractor's man-hours and expenses.
Contractor competition is only on very small part of total cost.
Contractor has no monetary incentive to achieve early completion.
10
Bid evaluation may be difficult.
Owner bears the all the risks of overrun and schedule.
Flexibility may encourage Owner to introduce design changes, resulting in

increased cost and longer program.
Contractor profit limited.
11
12
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Conversion of all or part of contract to (e.g.) lump sum basis during the
project is possible when scope of work is fully defined.
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Commercial Terms
Schedule driven project
10
When Project cannot be defined in detail at the start,

e.g. major revamp of existing facilities, feedstock (or
capacity, etc.) not yet fixed
11
12
13
14
When Owner wishes to participate extensively in the

design, e.g. a development project, especially one
dependent on Purchaser know-how.
15
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22

Applications
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Example of Original Budget Estimate:
Estimated Cost of the Project = $15,000,000
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Percentage Fee Profit = 5% = $15,000,000 x 0.05 = $750,000

Original Budget Cost to the Owner (OBC)
OC = $15,000,000 + $750,000 = $15,750,000
Example of Final Construction Cost:

Final Construction Cost of the Project = $16,500,000
Percentage Fee Profit = 5% = $16,500,000 x 0.05 = $825,000
Final Cost to the Owner (FC)
FC = $16,500,000 + $825,000 = $17,350,000
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Commercial Terms
In this form of commercial terms, the owner reimburses
all of the service provider's costs and pays a fee that is
fixed at the beginning of the contract. This fee will not
change unless the scope of the services provided is
expanded by change order to the contract.
Same advantages and disadvantages as the Cost Plus
Percentage Fee Terms.
The Contractor will not benefit by an increase fee due to
the changes.
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Example of Original Budget Estimate:
Estimated Cost of the Project = $15,000,000
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11
12
13
14
Fix Fee Profit = 5%=$15,000,000 x 0.05 = $750,000
15
16
Final Cost to the Owner (FCO)
17
22
Fix Fee Profit = 5% =$15,000,000 x 0.05 = $750,000

Original Estimated Budget Cost to the Owner (OEC)
OEC = $15,000,000 + $750,000 = $15,750,000
Example of Actual Construction Cost:

FOC = $16,500,000 + $750,000 = $17,250,000

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Commercial Terms
The target estimate is an estimate agreed upon by the parties

prior to entering into the contract, as the most probable cost of
providing the contemplated services.
10
Risk - Risks of overrun is shared plus the saving also.
11
12
Contractor - Incentivised to be efficient since he will share the

risks and the savings.
13
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22
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Example of Original Target Estimate:
10
11
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Total Profits = $750,000 + $750,000 = $1,500,000
17
22
Final Cost to the Owner (FCO)
Target Estimate of the Project = $15,000,000

Fix Fee Profit = 5% = $15,000,000 x 0.05 = $750,000
Original Estimated Budget Cost to the Owner (OEC)
OEC = $15,000,000 + $750,000 = $15,750,000
50-50 Split in Underruns and Overuns
Example of Actual Construction Cost:
Underun = $15,000,000 - $13,500,000 = $1,500,000
Additional Profit to the Contractor = $1,500,000 x .5 = $750,000
Fix Fee Profit = 5%=$15,000,000 x 0.05 = $750,000
FOC = $13,500,000 + $1,500,000 = $15,000,000
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Commercial Terms
Guaranteed Maximum Price Terms
This form is similar to the target estimate form in that the
parties agree on an initial estimate for the cost of the
contemplated services and on a fee for the provider based on
this estimated cost.
Risk - Risks of overrun is on the Contractor. The owner
receives the total benefit of the savings.
Contractor - Incentivized to be efficient since he will pay for
the overrun.
Worst situation for the contractor. All risk on him and no
opportunity to make additional profits.
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Commercial Terms
Firm-price contract, or sometimes a lump sum, or hard
money contract. All four terms mean that the provider will be
paid an agreed fixed price for providing the contractually
stipulated services.
Advantages
o
Cost and Schedule certainty for Owner.
Contractor - Incentivised to be efficient since he will pay

for the overrun.
Contractor receives the total benefit of the savings.
Best chance to maximise profits.
119
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Commercial Terms
Disadvantages
12
Full Project Definition to enable start. (Ideal situation)
Purchaser/Contractor interests are more divergent than in other forms of

contract.
More potential for conflicts
Long bidding time is required also long inquiry presentation time.
Crucial process design phase compressed into very short period.
Lack of flexibility-changes are difficult and expensive.
Owner participation in project is difficult.
Cost to Owner may be unnecessarily high due to contingencies for risk and
escalation.
Emphasis on low bid price may result in an unsatisfactory plant.
Contractors' bidding costs are very high.
14
15
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Commercial Terms
Payment by agreed Table of Payment by phases and

certification of the phases.
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Owner needs to watch that it is not front loaded.
Applications
o
When Purchaser provides Contractors with front-end

engineering packages and detailed specifications.
When it is not a schedule driven project.

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Commercial Terms - Example
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Commercial Terms - Example
2
Commercial Terms
CostPercentage
Plus Percentage
Cost Plus
Fee CPPF @ 5%Fee CPPF
@ 5% Agreed Profit
Cost Plus Fixed Fee CPFF @ 5%

CPFF @Cost
5% of
of Estimated
Agreed Profit
10
11
12
13
14
Cost Outcome at
Completion
5.00%
5%
$13,500,000
$13,500,000
5.00%
5%
$13,500,000
$13,500,000
Underrun/Overrun
Underrun/Overruns
16
17
22
GMP @ Maximum
5% ProfitPrice
on GMP
Guaranteed
Estimated
@ 5%
Profit onCost
Estimated Cost
$13,500,000
$13,500,000
$15,000,000
-$13,500,000
5.00%
$13,500,000
$13,500,000
5%
$13,500,000
$13,500,000
5%
5.00%
$1,500,000 x0.5
$1,500,000 $750,000
Fixed-Price - Lump Sum
Fixed-Price - Lump Sum Bid at

Bid at 5% on Estimate
5% on Estimate
= $15,000,000x1.05Bid =
Bid Bid
= $15,000,000*1.05
Bid = $15,750,000
$15,750,000
Owner
$13,500,000
+ $675,000
$750,000
Target Estimate (Cost Plus

Target
EstimateFee)
(Cost
Incentive
- Plus
5% Agreed
Incentive Fee) - 5% Agreed Profit 5%
5.00%
Profit 50-50 Split in
50-50 Split in Underruns and
Underruns and Overruns
Overuns
Note: Estimated cost of $15,000,000
TotalCost
Costto
to the
the Owner
Total
Profit/Loss
$15,000,000 x0.05
Cost Plus Fixed Fee

Estimated Cost
Contractors
Contractor's
Profit/Loss
$13,500,000 x0.05
$675,000
Guaranteed Maximum Price
15
Contractor
Contractor
Incentive/Penalty
Incentive/Penalty
$15,000,000 x0.05
+$750,000
$1,500,000
$15,000,000 x0.05
$750,000
$15,750,000
-$13,500,000
$2,250,000
$14,175,000
$13,500,000
+ $750,000
$14,250,000
$13,500,000
+ $1,500,000
$15,000,000
$13,500,000
+ $750,000
$14,250,000
$15,750,000
Same as the
Bid
123
Agenda
List of
Chapters
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
22
Commercial Terms
124
Agenda
List of
Chapters
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
22
Commercial Terms
125
Agenda
List of
Chapters
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
22
Chapter 4
Prime Contract - Format and Major Components
Standard Forms-of-contract
o
o
o
o
o
o
Federal Government Construction Contract

American Institute of Architects Contracts
Associated General Contractors Contracts
Engineers Joint Contract Documents Committee Contract
State Highway Department Contracts Of The Various States.
One-of-a-kind contract
Typical Documents Comprising The Contract
o
o
o
Bidding Documents
General Conditions of Contract
Condiciones Generales de Contratacin para la Construccin de Obra
Pblica
Supplementary Conditions of Contract
Specifications
Drawings
126
Reports of Investigations of Physical Conditions
o
o
o
o
Agenda
List of
Chapters
1
10
Federal Government Construction Contract
11
13
12
14
15
16
17
22
This form of contract is normally used by all branches of the federal

government for construction work.
Prominent examples of different federal agencies using:

o
General Services Administration
Bureau of Reclamation
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
U.S. Navy Facilities Engineering Command
U.S. Bureau of Public Roads
National Park Service

127
Agenda
List of
Chapters
1
10
11
American Institute of Architects Contracts
This contract is by far the most widely used form for fixed-price
building construction work in both the public and private sectors,
particularly the private sector.
The terms and conditions of the AIA contract have been the subject of
interpretation in many jurisdictions including Puerto Rico.
12
PR cases from 1962 to 2006.
13
14
Historically the A201 has been the AIA contract of most use in the
industry.
15
16
The original version has close to 100 years.
17
22
128
Agenda
List of
Chapters
85 D.P.R. 459 (1962) FARBER ELECTRIC AND PLUMBING CO. V. PROFESSIONAL

REALITY CORPORATION
La controversia en este caso surge con motivo de las alteraciones que a peticin de Professional
se hicieron en la obra segn originalmente convenida. La forma en que debe liquidarse ese
trabajo adicional es la cuestin a determinar.
10
11
12
Caso donde se discute el tema de arbitraje.
13
14
2000 DTS 179 MASTER CONCRETE V. FRAYA, S.E. 2000TSPR179
15
16
Caso relacionado a los conceptos de conclusin sustancial" y pagos.
17
22
2006 DTS 070 MUNICIPIO DE MAYAGUEZ V. LEBRON & ASSOCIATES

2006TSPR070
129
Caso donde se discute el tema de arbitraje.
129 D.P.R. 579 (1991) CONSTRUCTORA BAUZ, INC. V. GARCIA LPEZ

Caso relacionado al concepto de "entrega sustancial.
135 D.P.R. 206 (1994) FEBUS Y OTROS V. MARPE CONSTRUCTION
Agenda
List of
Chapters
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
22
130
Agenda
List of
Chapters
1
Associated General Contractors Contracts
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
22
The AGC Standard Form Prime Contract Between Owner And Contractor Is
Recommended For Use By The Associated General Contractors Of America
(AGC)
AGC understand that the AIA contract favors the architectural role
AGC did not endorsed the latest version of the AIA contracts
The AIA do not endorse the typical AGC contract.
The Mayor Differences Between the AGC and the AIA are:
Role of the Architect
Approach taken to changes, disputes resolution, retainage, termination by

convenience by the Owner
131
Agenda
List of
Chapters
10
11
12
13
14
One-of-a-kind Contract
15
16
17
22
Disputes that arise from one-of-a-kind contracts are usually more difficult to resolve
because there is no past pattern of experience, as is the case with one of the
"tried-and-true" standard forms-of-contract. There is no case law. There is no
Certeza.
132
Engineers Joint Contract Documents Committee Contract

It is used primarily for engineered construction in the private sector.
Agenda
State Highway Department Contracts Of The Various States.

These contracts tend to be similar in format, no doubt because the construction
work within each state is similar.
The influence of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has forced this
similarity.
List of
Chapters
One-of-a-kind Contract
Contract is the law between the parties
Most entities use their own contract.
10
Most contract use typical clauses taken from the contracts

discussed.
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
22
All industrial clients I have seen use their own contract.

Disputes that arise from one-of-a-kind contracts are usually
more difficult to resolve because there is no past pattern of
experience, as is the case with one of the "tried-and-true"
standard forms-of-contract.
133
Agenda
List of
Chapters
10
11
12
Specifications
13
14
15
16
17
22
Bidding Documents
Confidentiality Agreement
Bidding documents, consisting of the "Invitation to Bid," the
"Instructions to Bidders," and the "Bid Form
Drawings
Reports of investigations of physical conditions
Sample Contract
134
Agenda
List of
Chapters
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
22

Bidding Documents
Advertisement
o
Newspaper,
Internet,
Publishing Services,
Magazines Engineering News Record
Invitation
135
Agenda
List of
Chapters
1

Invitation for Bid (IFB) or Request for Proposal (RFP)
A description of the contract work
The identity of the owner
The place, date, and precise time of the bid opening
The penal sum of the required bonds (bid bond, performance bond, and
labor and material payment bond)
10
A description of the drawings and specifications, their cost, and where

they may be obtained.
11
12
The length of time after bid opening that bids will be deemed good
(duration of bids)
13
14
Rules regarding the withdrawal or modification of bids and late bids.
15
16
Information regarding any planned pre-bid conferences and pre-bid site

inspections.
17
22
136
Agenda
List of
Chapters

Invitation for Bid (IFB) or Request for Proposal (RFP)
Particular requirements of law of which the owner wants bidders

to be aware.
Any special instructions, other requirement or other information

that the owner wants to point out to bidders
Instruction to Bidders: More logically, the Instructions to Bidders

is a separate document, and the IFB or RFP contains all of the
other necessary but non instructional information that a bidder
needs
10
11
12
Internet Base Bid Process
13
14
Recently adopted by private client
15
16
Potential ethical conflicts when used for professional services
Potential financial mistake for Owner My opinion.
17
22
Reverse Auction
137
Agenda
List of
Chapters
1
10

Bid Form
The fully executed Bid Form constitutes the "offer".
Used to achieve consistency in the Bids submittal. Easier to evaluate.

Common mistake.
Typical Content
o
A definitive statement of the general terms and conditions of the offer.
The format of the commercial terms applying to the offer.
Supplementary information that the owner may want to know about the
bidder.
11
12
Additional information for federal bids.
13
14
Affirmative action requirements for public projects - This is being

applied to private projects.
15
16
Bid security.
17
22
138
Agenda
List of
Chapters
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
22

Final Notes
1.1.1 The Contract Documents of the AIA contract excludes the

bidding documents from the contract.
Contract is the end result of the negotiations. May be different from

the bid documents.
139
Agenda
List of
Chapters
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
22

Here are found very definitive statements, clause by clause, of all

general terms and conditions that govern the performance of the contract
work.
All clauses that will remain the same, contract after contract, changing
very infrequently.
In Federal and State Contracts: Clauses that are required by law.
General matters that apply to the instant contract only,
Site-specific
Apply only to the specific contract.
"Project-specific" matters.
140
Agenda
List of
Chapters
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
22

Condiciones Generales de Contratacin para la Construccin
de Obra Pblica
EI 15 de mayo de 1943, se aprob la Ley Num. 198, la cual

ordeno al Comisionado de lo Interior preparar un "Pliego de
Condiciones para la Contratacin de Obras Publicas Insulares".
Dicho pliego deba ser aprobado por el Gobernador de Puerto

Rico y publicado.
Las Condiciones Generales de Obra Pblica fueron promulgadas'

el 28 de octubre de 1976, al amparo de la Ley 198 de 15 de mayo
de 1943.
Fueron confeccionadas como Condiciones Generales de

Contratacin para la Construccin de Obra Pblica.
141
Agenda
List of
Chapters
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
22

de Obra Pblica
Los pliegos adoptados al tenor de dicho estatuto no regularon

lo concerniente al contrato de diseo y gerencia de
construccin, por lo cual, al presente, las disposiciones
pertinentes a dichos campos no han sido reguladas ni
uniformadas, quedando estas al arbitrio de cada agencia o
instrumentalidad gubernamental o corporacin pblica.
Al ser adoptadas se dispuso para su aplicacin obligatoria a
los departamentos y agencias de la Rama Ejecutiva.
Las corporaciones pblicas y gobiernos municipales fueron
exhortados a su adopcin.
142
Agenda
List of
Chapters
1

de Obra Pblica
Pero desde el 1946 en adelante hay que considerar dicho Pliego de

Condiciones Generales como un estatuto que regula el contrato de obra
pblica por ser una reglamentacin administrativa preparada por un
funcionario competente en virtud de una delegacin legislativa expresa-art.
426 del Cdigo Poltico de Puerto Rico.
10
CRISTY V. E.L.A. 84 D.P.R. 234 (1961)
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
22
143
Agenda
List of
Chapters
1
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC WORKS

UNIFORM GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR PUBLIC WORKS CONTRACTS
INTRODUCTION
ARTICLE 1 -LEGAL BASIS; APPLICATION
10
1.1 Legal Basis. The Secretary of Transportation and Public Works, in accordance
with the powers conferred upon him by Law No. 198 of May 15, 1943, as amended by
Law No. 131 of September 2, 2010 and Law No. 170 of August 12, 1988, as
amended, hereby enacts the following regulations to establish the applicable legal
framework for the contracting and management of all public works.
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
22
1.2. Application. The provisions of these Regulations shall be applicable to all

contracts for public works executed by all government agencies, departments,
public corporations and instrumentalities.
144
Agenda
List of
Chapters
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
22
145
Agenda
List of
Chapters
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
22

Specifications
The technical requirements for each division of work in the contract will be
completely detailed in that section of the contract document called the
Speculations.
Drawings
Must be sufficiently complete to adequately show exactly what is to be built.

Certain features of the work may be shown in fairly general terms, with the
requirement stated that the contractor must prepare detailed shop drawings
that conform to and augment the general contract drawings.
146
Agenda
List of
Chapters
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
22

Reports of Investigations of Physical Conditions
These reports often concern geotechnical aspects of subsurface soil or

rock conditions.
Important to determine special methods of construction.

o
Dewatering requirements
Sheet Pilling
147

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Agenda

CE 6520 Construction Contracting and Procurement

Justice without force is

Lea su contrato en especial sus obligaciones

CE 6520 Construction Contracting and Procurement

The Nature Of The Contractual Services Provided

Construct Only Services

Cost Plus Percentage Fee Terms

Target Estimate (Cost Plus Incentive Fee) Terms

CE 6520 Construction Contracting and Procurement

The Parties to Construction-related Prime Contracts

Triggers all the other 2nd., 3rd. and beyond tiers

They are not all the same.

They all have the basic elements

Multiple type and formats

CE 6520 Construction Contracting and Procurement

The Parties to Construction-related Prime Contracts

Owner Design & Construction Services

Owner - Turnkey and Fast Track Design & Construction Services

Owner Design Services

Owner - Construction Manager

CE 6520 Construction Contracting and Procurement

The Nature of the Contractual Services Provided

Environmental & Permits

Preparation of the Scope of Work, List of Drawings & List of Specifications

Drawings & Specifications

CE 6520 Construction Contracting and Procurement

The Parties to Construction-related Prime Contracts

Owner Design Services

Highly regulated practice

Colegio de Ingenieros y Agrimensores de Puerto Rico

Multiple Design Codes

Multiple Environmental and Permits Requirements

CE 6520 Construction Contracting and Procurement

The Parties to Construction-related Prime Contracts

Formas Autorizadas de Contratar Servicios Profesional

Como una sociedad dos o mas profesionales.

Como una Corporacin Profesional (P.S.C.*).

Como un limited liability partnership (LLP).

Problemas de prctica ilegal.

Declaren el contrato nulo.

Se caen las clusulas de limitacin de responsabilidad.

Comparar la Prctica como Individuo, Sociedad, PSC

* Professional Services Corporation

CE 6520 Construction Contracting and Procurement

The Nature of the Contractual Services Provided

Ingeniero/Arquitecto/Agrimensor como Oficial Cuasi

70. Certificacin de Planas o Documentos- Declaracin del Agrimensor,

CE 6520 Construction Contracting and Procurement

CE 6520 Construction Contracting and Procurement

Certificacin del Especialista Con Firma Digital

Yo no es necesaria la firma digital segn la Orden

CE 6520 Construction Contracting and Procurement

The Nature of the Contractual Services Provided

Owner - Design Services

Quien Podra ser Inspector Designado?

Empleado del Dueo

Empleado del Contratista

Una corporacin profesional o un empleado de esta.

Una corporacin regular.

CE 6520 Construction Contracting and Procurement

The Nature of the Contractual Services Provided

16. Inspector de Obra- Ingeniero o arquitecto licenciado y

CE 6520 Construction Contracting and Procurement