UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

PROGRESS REPORT FORM FOR FINAL YEAR RESEARCH PROJECT 1 (CHE687 / CBE694)
(EH220, EH221 & EH222)

Name :
ID:
Supervisor:
Title:

NUR AMALINA BINTI ZALALUD-DIN

2014899126
DR. KAMARIAH NOOR BT ISMAIL
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF DYE WASTE WATER BY USING SP. BACILLUS SUBSTILIS
Summary of Journal

TITLE

YEARS /
AUTHOR

SOURCE /
NAME OF
JOURNAL

PROBLEM
STATEMENT

TECHNIQUE /
METHODOLOGY

REMARK/FINDINGS

CONCLUSION &
RECOMMENDATION

Biodegradatio
n of Reactive
Red M5B Dye
Using Bacillus
Substilis

V.
Gunasekar,
D.
Gowdhama
n, V.
Ponnusami
(2013)

Sphinx
Knowledge
House
Research
(www.sphin
xsai.com)

Most of the
current
treatment
method for
instances,
filtration,
coagulation,
ion-exchange
or even
adsorption are
not so effective
in dye removal.
Enhance, the
experimental
cost are quite
high and it take
long time of
period to
complete the
process. Thus,
implementation
of biological
method are
need to applied

Bacteria - Bought
from MTCC,
Chandighar
Media(Agar Nutrient)
- Mixing components
Reactive Dye - from
textile industries near
Tirupur, India.
Sample analyzing Uv Vis
Spectrophotometer,
Minitab 15
Validity of results ANOVA

Percentage of dye
removal ( vs Block, pH,
Dye cone and salt) - using
Response Surface
Method(RSM). The trials
was done twice and the
data obtained are
confirmed by performing
ANOVA.

All the parameters

shows the positive
percentage towards
the dye removal. Its
found that the
biological treatment
using bacteria have a
potential to be widely
used in future.

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

PROGRESS REPORT FORM FOR FINAL YEAR RESEARCH PROJECT 1 (CHE687 / CBE694)
(EH220, EH221 & EH222)
Microbial
Degradation of
Textile Dye
( Ramazol
Black B) by
Bacillus spp.
ETL-2012

Maulin P.
Shah, Patel
KA, Nair
SS, Darji
AM

OMICS
Publishing
Group
(Bioremedat
ion &
Biodegradat
ion) (2013)

Even the azo

dyes are mostly
used in textile
industries due
to the benefits
of cost and
handling, it still
have a
negative side
that need to be
treat. Removal
of hazardous
contents in azo
dyes are quite
impossible
since their
bonds are
strongly tied
and difficult to
breakdown.
Since many
physicochemical
method has
been
approached yet
the results are
not so satisfied
enough, the
biological
method are
done to prove
their potential
in dye removal
for dye waste
water.

Collecting Sample Spot and Grab

procedure
Parameter analyzed Color :
Spectrophotometer
(SHIMADZU UV1800)
BOD : evaporation by
DO meter ( WTW
Germany)
COD: COD
Instrument directly
(Spectralab, India)
Bacteria Gene (16S
rRNA): isolate by
GenElute DNA,
extraction kit Sigma,
purified gene
sequenced by Perkin
Elmer ABI Prism 377
DNA sequencer,
phylogenic
relationship
determined and
compared by
GenBank database of
National Center for
Biotechnology
Information.

Isolation and identification

- Phylogram (neighbor joining method), using The
Bergeys manual of
systematic bacteriology,
with referring to
physiological and
biochemical tests, and
gene tests, the bacteria
species are confirmed as
Bacillus sp. Strain ETL2012.
Effect of pH - achieved
maximum dye removal at
pH 6 while the range are
between 5-8 compared to
other biological cultural
which at approximately 7.
Effect of Temperature Complete dye degradation
at 27, 37 and 40C yet the
fast action process at
37C.

The Bacillus sp.

Shows great potential
for color removal in
dye waste water since
their strain able to
give positive sign
when used in high
concentration of dyes.
Yet, the real
application need to be
done in proper
bioreactors.

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

PROGRESS REPORT FORM FOR FINAL YEAR RESEARCH PROJECT 1 (CHE687 / CBE694)
(EH220, EH221 & EH222)
Biological
Method of Dye
Removal From
Textile
Effluents - A
Review

Archna,
Lokesh K N,
Siva Kiran R
R

J Biochem
Tech (2012)

Azo dyes are

the most
valuable dyes
can be used for
textile
industries but
the toxicity
content in the
dyes are not
environmental
friendly
enhance
hazardous for
human heath.
Since the many
physical and
chemical
treatment are
not fully
effective,
aerobic
degradation to
breakdown the
azo dyes bond
are used to
prove that they
have a large
potential in
color removal
for dye waste
water.

Physical method Membrane filtration

(ultra, micro, reverse
osmosis)
Adsorption

Physical method - RO:

90% retention rate
Adsorption: quite good but
cannot be used when
activated carbon in action

Chemical Method Coagulation,

flocculation combined
with:- filtration,
flotation,conventional
oxidizing
Ozonation

Chemical Method Ozonation: most effective

(98 - 99% ofdecolorization)
Electrochemical Oxidation
& Fentons Oxidation also
effective but had a
significant of generating
sludge.

Biological Method Anaerobic :

( Bacteroides sp.,
Eubacterium sp.,
Clostridum sp.)
through cleavage
Aerobic :
Oxidatively
decolourise the dyes
(azo-reductase,
laccase)

Biological Method Azo-reductase:

degradation take place
due to the production of an
extra cellular enzyme azoreductase that reduced the
azo bond present in dyes.
Laccase:
A cuproprotein (small
enzymes) called as blue
oxidases. It posses low
substrate specificity (not
require cofactor, extra
cellular enzyme that easier
the purification

Azo-reductase:
suitable for aerobic
microorganisms. But
under anaerobic
condition, it usually
cleave azo dyes into
corresponding amines
(mutagenic and/or
carcinogenic)
Even this both
enzymes can
successfully removes
the color in dyes, it
may still contains the
potentially harmful
organic materials.

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

PROGRESS REPORT FORM FOR FINAL YEAR RESEARCH PROJECT 1 (CHE687 / CBE694)
(EH220, EH221 & EH222)
Biological
Degradation of
Reactive Dyes
By Using
Bacteria
Isolated From
Dye Effluent
Contaminated
Soil

Comparative

N. Sriram,
D. Reetha
and P.
Saranraj

Huma Hayat

Middle-East
of Scientific
Research
17(12):
1695-1700,
2013

Separation

Most of the dye

waste water
are contributed
by the textile
industries.
Unfortunately,
this dyes
contained a
hazardous
materials that
can results in
environmental
problems. Dyes
composition
usually are
stable and hard
to breakdown.
Hence, most of
dyes will not
degraded by
using aerobic
biological
treatment. The
other way to
treat dyes
biologically are
by using
anaerobic
treatment
which been
found with
positive
degradation.

Sample collection
and preservation Dye was collected
from the effluent of
textile industry in
Tirupur region, Tamil
Nadu, India.

Different types

Waste water collection

Isolation and
Identification For isolation, pour
plate technique was
used. For
identification, routine
bacteriological
methods: colony
morphology, Gram
staining, capsule
staining, motility and
catalase and oxidase.

Biological method has

been found with lower
cost and easy to handle.
From the research, it
shown that the most
effective bacteria are
Pseudomonas
Fluorescens 90%, Sp.
Bacillus 43% and
Escherichia Coli 15%
respectively. This
effectiveness was
measured optical density
(0, 4, 8,12,16 days of
incubation)

Isolated bacteria
which is
Pseudomonas
Fluorescens, Sp.
Bacillus and
Escherichia Coli are
the effective and good
microbial sources for
the biological
treatment of dye
waste water.

Maximum color removal

The results obtained

Screening Bacteria was

inoculated in saline
and incubated for 3
hours.
Decolourization Measuring
absorbance of the
supernatant with help
of spectrophotometer
(%)

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

PROGRESS REPORT FORM FOR FINAL YEAR RESEARCH PROJECT 1 (CHE687 / CBE694)
(EH220, EH221 & EH222)
Decolorization
of Dyes in
Textile Waste
Water Using
Biological and
Chemical
Treatment

Qaisar
Mahmood,
Arshid
Perves,
Zulfiqar
Ahmad Bhatti
and Shams
Ali Baig

and
Purification
Technology
154(2015)14
9-153

of waste water
treatment
physically,
chemically or
biologically are
usually not so
effective for
color removal or
high cost for
process. The
levels of
decolorization
and and
degradation are
determined by
measuring
percentage of of
mineralization
by BOD of Total
Organic Carbon
(TOC) and COD
removal. Thus
this experiment
is to compared
the the
effectiveness of
anaerobic (IC
Reactor)
treatment and
oxidation
treatment
(Fentons
Oxidation) in
terms of the
color and COD
removal.

(25%, 50%, 75%,

100%)From textile finishing
industry near
Rawalpindi (Koh-INoor Textiles Mills).
IC Reactor Operated during
summer at around 35
3C, thermostat was
not operated to save
energy.
Fentons Oxidation 35%(w/w) of ferrous
sulphate and
hydrogen was added
into sample, stirred 30
minutes, adding
caustic soda
Analyzed for
color(UV-Vis
Spectrophotometer
IRMeCO UV-Vis
U2020),
COD(calorimetric
method, model TR320
Merck Spectroquant),
pH(pH Meter, Jenway
Model 520),
temperature, DO(DO
Meter, Jenway 970),
conductivity(Conducivi
ty Meter, Jenway
Model 470 as S),

which is more than 92%

was resulted from Fentons
process at pH=3 for 100%
concentration of sample.
Maximum COD removal
exceeded 87% efficiency
recorded in IC Reactor at
100% concentration of
sample.
Fentons process without
pH adjustment found to be
higher turbidity removal as
compared to other
treatment.

shows that both of the

process are highly
recommended for dye
waste water treatment
since it shows the
positively sign towards
the color and COD
removal.
However, Fentons
process are highly in
cost and will producing
sludge which need
proper and safely
disposal.

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

PROGRESS REPORT FORM FOR FINAL YEAR RESEARCH PROJECT 1 (CHE687 / CBE694)
(EH220, EH221 & EH222)
turbidity(Turbidimeter,
Eutech, TN-100) and
heavy metals
measured using
Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy (Perkin
Elmer Model 920)