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Ohm's Law
Calculator and all Formulas
Resistance (ohms), current (amps),
and voltage (volts)
Ohm's Law is the linear proportionality between current and voltage that occurs for
most conductors
of electricity. A graph of voltage against current is a straight line. The gradient is the
resistance.
Practitioners rarely speak of potential difference, when electrical voltage (drop) is
meant. VIR
Output:
voltage V
resistance R
ohms
amperes
voltage V
volts
voltage V
volts
volts
resistance R
current I
Reset
ohms
amperes
current I
resistance R
-
amperes
ohms
= reset.
-
Formulas:
V=IRI=V/RR=V/I
V=IR
I=V/R
R=V/I
Formula sign
V or E
I
R
P
Unit
volt
ampere (amp)
ohm
watt
Symbol
V
A
Thereafter, in every point, even with a bent curve, the resistance value can
be calculated.
For many electrical components such as diodes ohm's law does not apply.
R = resistance
= specific resistance
l = double length of the cable
A = cross section
m
m
mm2
Electrical conductivity
Electrical conductance
Electrical resistivity
Specific resistance
silver
= 62 Sm/mm
= 0.0161 Ohmmm/m
copper
= 58 Sm/mm
= 0.0172 Ohmmm/m
gold
= 41 Sm/mm
= 0.0244 Ohmmm/m
aluminium
= 36 Sm/mm
= 0.0277 Ohmmm/m
constantan
= 2.0 Sm/mm
= 0.5000 Ohmmm/m
=1/
=1/
siemens S = 1/ or ohm = 1/S
For all conductors the specific resistivity changes with the temperature. In a
limited
temperature range it is approximately linear:
where is the temperature coefficient, T is the temperature and T0 is any
temperature,
such as T0 = 293.15 K = 20C at which the electrical resistivity (T0) is
known.
Cross section A of the wire in mm2 inserted in this formula gives the
diameter d in mm.
Electric voltage V
Amperage I
Resistance R
volts
amps
ohms
reset
V=IR
I=V/R
R=V/I
Electric Power P
Amperage I
Voltage V
watts
amps
volts
reset
P=IV
I=P/V
V=P/I
Ohm's law. V=IR, where V is the potential across a circuit element, I is the
current
through it, and R is its resistance. This is not a generally applicable definition of
resistance. It is only applicable to ohmic resistors, those whose resistance R is
constant over the range of interest and V obeys a strictly linear relation to I.
Materials
are said to be ohmic when V depends linearly on R. Metals are ohmic so long as one
holds their temperature constant. But changing the temperature of a metal
changes R
slightly. When the current changes rapidly, as when turning on a light, or when using
AC
sources, slightly non-linear and non-ohmic behavior can be observed. For non-ohmic
resistors, Ris current-dependent and the definition R = dV/dI is far more useful. This
is
sometimes called the dynamic resistance. Solid state devices such as thermistors
are
non-ohmic and non-linear. A thermistor's resistance decreases as it warms up, so its
dynamic resistance is negative. Tunnel diodes and some electrochemical processes
have a complicated I to V curve with a negative resistance region of operation. The
dependence of resistance on current is partly due to the change in the device's
temperature with increasing current, but other subtle processes also contribute to
change in resistance in solid state devices.
Ohm's Law
Calculator and all Formulas
Resistance (ohms), current (amps),
and voltage (volts)
Ohm's Law is the linear proportionality between current and voltage that occurs for
most conductors
of electricity. A graph of voltage against current is a straight line. The gradient is the
resistance.
Practitioners rarely speak of potential difference, when electrical voltage (drop) is
meant. VIR
Output:
voltage V
resistance R
amperes
voltage V
volts
voltage V
ohms
volts
resistance R
current I
-
ohms
amperes
current I
resistance R
-
amperes
volts
ohms
= reset.
-
Formulas:
V=IRI=V/RR=V/I
V=IR
I=V/R
R=V/I
Formula sign
V or E
I
R
P
Unit
volt
ampere (amp)
ohm
watt
Symbol
V
A
R = resistance
= specific resistance
l = double length of the cable
A = cross section
m
m
mm2
Electrical conductivity
Electrical conductance
Electrical resistivity
Specific resistance
silver
= 62 Sm/mm
= 0.0161 Ohmmm/m
copper
= 58 Sm/mm
= 0.0172 Ohmmm/m
gold
= 41 Sm/mm
= 0.0244 Ohmmm/m
aluminium
= 36 Sm/mm
= 0.0277 Ohmmm/m
constantan
= 2.0 Sm/mm
= 0.5000 Ohmmm/m
=1/
=1/
siemens S = 1/ or ohm = 1/S
For all conductors the specific resistivity changes with the temperature. In a
limited
temperature range it is approximately linear:
Cross section A of the wire in mm2 inserted in this formula gives the
diameter d in mm.
Electric voltage V
Amperage I
Resistance R
reset
volts
amps
ohms
V=IR
I=V/R
R=V/I
Electric Power P
Amperage I
Voltage V
watts
amps
volts
reset
P=IV
I=P/V
V=P/I
Ohm's law. V=IR, where V is the potential across a circuit element, I is the
current
through it, and R is its resistance. This is not a generally applicable definition of
resistance. It is only applicable to ohmic resistors, those whose resistance R is
constant over the range of interest and V obeys a strictly linear relation to I.
Materials
are said to be ohmic when V depends linearly on R. Metals are ohmic so long as one
holds their temperature constant. But changing the temperature of a metal
changes R
slightly. When the current changes rapidly, as when turning on a light, or when using
AC
sources, slightly non-linear and non-ohmic behavior can be observed. For non-ohmic
resistors, Ris current-dependent and the definition R = dV/dI is far more useful. This
is
sometimes called the dynamic resistance. Solid state devices such as thermistors
are
non-ohmic and non-linear. A thermistor's resistance decreases as it warms up, so its
dynamic resistance is negative. Tunnel diodes and some electrochemical processes
have a complicated I to V curve with a negative resistance region of operation. The
dependence of resistance on current is partly due to the change in the device's
temperature with increasing current, but other subtle processes also contribute to
change in resistance in solid state devices.