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Available online 24 October 2009
Marine biodiversity conservation is a common issue in the world. Due to rapid economic development in
coastal area in China, marine biodiversity conservation faces great pressure. In this paper, the idea of the
integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) was applied as a framework in marine biodiversity
conservation. At rst, the relationship between integrated coastal zone management and the marine
biodiversity conservation was discussed. Then, as a case study in Fujian Quanzhou bay, a set of strategies
on marine biodiversity conservation based on ICZM were put forward, which included how to dene
management boundary of marine biodiversity conservation, the impact assessment model of human
activities in the coastal area on marine biodiversity, the planning and management of marine biodiversity conservation, and the monitoring system of the marine biodiversity. Finally, the framework of the
comprehensive decision support system based on GIS was suggested.
2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) is a continuous
and dynamic process which is utilized to determine policy and
management strategy that solve the contradiction in the utilization of coastal zone resources and limit the impact of human
activity on coastal zone environment [1]. One of the primary aims
of ICZM is to sustainably maintain a high level of biodiversity and
protect vital habitats. In 2002, the World Summit on Sustainable
Development and the Convention of Biodiversity adopted the
target to signicantly reduce the rate of biodiversity loss by the
year 2010 [2]. Due to the complexity of biodiversity conservation,
the partial and non-systematic methods, which are in simple
consideration of sea excluding basin-wide area, single department
rather than wide participation of stakeholders, were proved ineffective. In this background, both ICZM and establishment of
marine natural reserve are widely acknowledged as most effective
measure for marine biodiversity conservation. Many countries
have considered adopting the ICZM methods to solve the
conversation issue of biodiversity. As the management measure of
marine environment, resources and biodiversity, ICZM is acquiring
increasing success [11].
China is of abundant marine biodiversity, with 22,561 marine
species recorded [7], among which the coastal zone is especially
613
Background survey
specic methods and technique of marine biodiversity conservation based on ICZM in Quanzhou Bay in Fujian, which included
the boundary of marine biodiversity conservation, the impact
assessment model of human activities in the coastal area on
marine biodiversity, the planning and management of marine
biodiversity conservation based on ICZM theories, the monitoring
system of the marine biodiversity and comprehensive decision
support system. Detailed logic diagram can be referred in Fig. 1.
614
Table 1
Comparison between coastal management boundaries in Quanzhou Bay.
Coastal management
boundary
Area including
the whole Jin
Basin (km2)
Inland regions
Coastal regions
Coastal sea
Neritic sea
Total area
5525.65
104.02
64.68
99.21
5793.56
95.38
1.80
1.12
1.71
100.00
1314.37
104.02
64.68
99.21
1582.28
83.07
6.57
4.09
6.27
100.00
International Importance, Quanzhou Bay is the wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention.
The surrounding area of Quanzhou Bay includes Licheng
District, Fengze District, Huian County, Jinjiang County, Shishi
County. This region is one of the most active and fast-growing
regions in China. The environment of coast zone around Quanzhou
bay is seriously threatened by the swift urbanization, large number
of enterprises and factories. Reclamation area has reached
27.5 106 km2, accounting for 38.9% of tidal at area of Quanzhou
Bay; invasion of alien species Spartina alterniora has resulted in
ecological disaster, with the Spartina alterniora area in the bay
reaching to 2.7 106 km2. Marine biodiversity in Quanzhou bay is
in urgent danger.
Impact (I)
Impact
Change
Induce
Trigger
Response (R)
Social Response
Economical Response
Environmental Response
Eliminate
Improve
Social
Economic and
Ecological
Impact
Requirment
State (S)
Genetic diversity
Species diversity
Ecosystem
diversity
Eliminate
Eliminate
Drive (D)
Pressure (P)
Habitats loss,
Population
Pollution,
Drivers and
Produce Invasion of alien
Economic
species,
Drivers
Overfishing
615
Table 2
Indicator system of biodiversity assessment based on DPSIR in Quanzhou Bay.
First class indicators
Unit
Drive indicators
Population
Economical drive
Population density
GDP per capita in coastal zones
Persons/km2
$/capita
Pressure indicators
Habitat destruction
Species
Genes
%
%
%
%
%
%
Impact indicators
Social-economic level
Ecological environment
%
Times/year
Response indicators
Social response
Economical response
10,00 $
%
%
%
%
Pollution
Environmental response
10,000 tons
%
%
%
%
616
Analysis of planning
of the social economy
development
Establishment of numeric
model of water quality and its
calibration and verification
617
Analysis of ecological
function zone
Specialist representative,
community resident,
privately owned institution,
public group (NGO)
ICZM committee
618
Table 3
Monitoring network of biodiversity conservation in Quanzhou Bay.
Catalog
Items
Contents
Methods
Frequency
Pressure monitoring
Habitat loss
RS and GIS
1 time/year
1 time/year
Sediment environmental
chemistry
Field investigation
Status monitoring
Seabirds
Wetland vegetation
Planktons
Actual performance of
policy and regulation
Ecological restoration
Data Layer
Field investigation
Field investigation remote
sensing
Field investigation
Field investigation
Field investigation
1 time/month
1 time/year
4 times/year (one time in each
season)
2 time/year (one in Spring and
one in Autumn)
2 time/year (one in Spring and
one in Autumn)
Survey
1 time/year
Survey
1 time/year
Primary Data
Data standardizing and formatting
Chemical
Data
Geograph
ic Data
Biological
Data
Meteorology
and
Hydrological
Data
Socio-econ
omic Data
Eco-buoy
Data
Function Layer
Impact assessment of alien
Impact assessment of
Impact assessment of
species on biodiversity
overfishing on biodiversity
pollution on biodiversity
Expression Layer
Visualization and decision support
619
Acknowledgements
The work described in this paper was supported by the Marine
Public Welfare Project of China entitled Marine Biodiversity
Conservation and Demonstration Based on ICZM (No.20070529)
and the Natural Sciences Foundation of China (40706042).
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