Inggris

January 21, 2013

Read the texts carefully then answer these questions !
In many cases it is not an easy matter to determine the profits and losses of a
company. Indeed, it is impossible in most cases to estimate the profits of a
business with complete accuracy. This is because such profits are dependant upon
the valuation of the assets of a firm.
A true profit should be reflected in a corresponding increase in the surplus of assets
over liabilities. It is impossible in most cases to arrive at the exact value of all
asset. Instead, the values are estimated. This is done in accordance with certain
accepted conventions.
Furthermore, true profit is not arrived at unless the original capital, plus or minus
any additions, in intact. If any part of this capital has been invested in assets that
have depreciated, then such depreciation must be made good out of revenue before
true profit can be obtained. Once a true profit is obtained, the distribution of this
profit becomes possible.
01. what is determining the profits and losses of a company difficult ?
02. and why is to estimate the profits of a business with complete accuracy
impossible ?
03. when is true profit according the text arrived ?
04. if the value of all assets are estimated in accordance with certain accepted
convention, what will happen then ?
05. when does the distribution of the profit become possible ?
For seven years, Keshin Oshima had a very good job at the firm Mitssui and Co, at
the age of 29, he did something very rare for a japanese manager in his position-he
resigned. Oshima earned a good salary at Mitsui, but he wanted to make a lot of
money, and to be very rich he needed to have his own company. He couldnt afford

to start a company immediately, but during his years at Mitsui he spent very little
money, and saved as much as he could. In 1978, he invented his money, $ 236,500
in total, in his new company, Shohkoh Fund and Co. Shohkoh Fund specialized in
lending money to business. But in small sums. This decision was a risk, as moneylending by private companies was not a respectable job in 1978. his first client was
a firm in Tokyo, which paid back the money that he owned at an interest rate of 24
%. But this idea was good, his profits rose by 25 % a year, and reached $ 38,5
million in 1992. He owns 80 % of Shohkoh, and his shares in the company was now
worth $ 997 million. So, Oshima is now a billionaire, nearly, but his strategy for the
company is still the same. Even now he specializes in smaller loans [a typical client
borrows only $ 40,000], and he personally examines the references of every new
client.
06. at what age did Oshima join Mitsui ?
07. Why did he want to have his own company ?
08. It is not a common for japanese managers to resign at his age, why ?
09. Why didnt he start his company before 1978 ?
10. How much was his starting capital ?
11. How much profit did he get in 1992 ?
12. What did his company specialize in ?
13. How much was the interest rate that he charged his client ?
14. Shohkoh Fund was a business, what was a respectable job in 1978 ?
15. Who was Keshin Oshima ?
The goal of economic system is to produce the goods and services that will satisfy
human wants. Some people believe that production simply means producing radios,
cars, clothes, furniture and other products. This belief is true as far as it goes. But
production defined in a broader sense is the process of trnsferring inputs
fromhuman and physical resources into outputs wanted by consumers. These
outputs may be either goods or services. Production involves four essential
elements, which are called the factors of production. They are natural resources,
labor, capital and entrepreneurship.
16. to produce the goods that satisfy human wants, the goal of
A]. An economy
B]. Transferring inputs from human resources
C]. Factor of production
D]. human wants
E]. economic system

17. what does production simply mean ?

A]. The outputs of labor
B]. Producing radios and other products
C]. Producing involving four essential elements
D]. Transferring inputs only
E]. Physical resources into outputs.
18. the opposite of the word employment is
A]. Inemployement
B]. Unemployement
C]. Not employement
D]. Less employement
E]. Emloy
19. When an individual borrows money from the bank, this money must be
..by a specific rate.
A]. actively
B]. fund
C]. Paid back
D]. Rented
E]. economically.
20. what does the text tell about ?
A]. How to produce the goods and services
B]. The outputs of production
C]. The goal of economic system
D].The goal of services
E]. Physical resources into outputs wanted by consumers.
The worlds tallest building officially opened in Dubai on January the 4th. The height
of the 828-metre Burj Khalifa was kept a secret until the opening ceremony. It is
twice the height of New Yorks Empire State Building. Another big surprise at the
opening was the renaming of the tower. The building had always been called Burj
Dubai. However, Dubais ruler announced it would now be called Burj Khalifa after
the ruler of Abu Dhabi, Dubais neighbour. The oil-rich emirate of Abu Dhabi helped
save Dubai from possible financial collapse. The chairman of the company that built
the Burj, Mohamed Alabbar, said the building gives hope and optimism. He added:
The world has gone through difficult times this is the beginning of a gradual
move forward.

It is likely the Burj will remain as the worlds tallest building for a while to come.
Since the 2008 global financial crisis, there seems to be little appetite for ambitious
construction projects from property developers. The Burjs owners, however, are
confident the building will be a success. More than 90 per cent of the space has
been sold. It cost $22 billion to build and has broken many records. The opening
celebrations included the worlds highest fireworks, which lit up the sky above the
worlds tallest fountain. The building houses the worlds highest mosque and
swimming pool, located on floors 158 and 76. Burj Khalifa has 1,044 luxury
apartments, 49 floors of offices and the 160-room Armani hotel. Around 12,000
people will live and work in the tower.

TRUE / FALSE: Read the headline. Guess if a-j below are true (T) or false (F).
a. Everyone knew the height of the worlds tallest building ages ago. T / F
b. The Burj Khalifa is three times the height of the Empire State Building. T / F
c. The building is named after Dubais ruler. T / F
d. A property developer said the Burj is a symbol of good times to come. T / F
e. Another project will soon beat the Burj as the worlds tallest building. T / F
f. Between 90 and 100 per cent of space in the Burj has been sold. T / F
g. The Burj contains the worlds tallest mosque. T / F
h. There will be around 20,000 people living and working in the Burj. T / F
i. The Burj is the tallest buiding in the world now. T / F
j. The Burj isnt located in Dubai but in Dubais neighbor. T / F