Cornell Notes

Topic/Objective: Biochemistry

Name: Jocelyn Hernandez

Class/Period: 5th
Date: 10/16/2016

Essential Question: How does the structure of macromolecules affect their utilization in the body?
Questions:
What if one of these things
go wrong in the body, what
would happen?
`

Notes: Biochemistry: chemistry of living things- chemistry

that deals with the chemical compounds and processes
occurring organisms.
Cohesion: hydrogen bonds between molecules of the same
substance- surface tension is the process by the force of
attraction between water molecules.
Adhesion: attraction between molecules of different
substances-ex: water in plants
Solvent: does the dissolving, like water
Solute: substant that gets dissolved in solvent
Solvent- after the solvent comes in the solute is dissolved
and the reactions is finished
Inorganic compounds: compounds that dont contain
carbon (derived from nonliving things) ex: water, salt,
minerals
Organic compounds: compounds that contain carbon
(derived from living things)
Biological Molecules (macromolecules):
-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Carbon Skeleton- basic structure (chain or ring) of
connected carbon atoms
Functional Groups- give molecules unique chemical
properties
Polymerization- process by which large compounds are
constructed by joining together smaller compounds
Monomer: the building block of a polymer
Polymer: consisting of many identical or similar monomers
linked together
Biomolecules: building blocks of life, 4 macromolecules
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Protein
4. Nucleic Acid

Summary: The structure of macromolecules affects their utilization in the body because it creates proteins,
hydrogens and compounds in the body. It keeps the body moving and alive. Functional groups affect the bonds
that hold a macromolecule together. The ring forms of glucose in starch and cellulose have different
arrangements. All that makes the cellulose and starch serve different purposes.

Questions:

Why is
monosaccharide
and polysaccharide
important?

Notes: Carbohydrates: molecules of sugars and starches contain carbon, hydrogen,

and oxygen
Function: MAIN source of energy for living things Athletes carb out the night before
a race
Monosaccharide- simple sugars
Glucose supplies energy for all cells metabolic activities major source of blood
sugars
Polysaccharide- forms when 2 or more monosaccharides combine
Glycogen- form in which animals store glucose
Dehydration- water out
Synthesis- bring together
Dehydration Synthesis: condensation reaction
Hydro add water
The opposite of Dehydration Synthesis
Hydrolysis- a chemical reaction that breaks up polymers into its monomers by adding
molecules of water
Lipids
Categories of lipids: fats, oils, and waxes
Lipid Structures: provide energy for cells, cell structure, insulation
-lipids and proteins compose the cell membrane
-cholesterol: gives cell membrane flexibility
Primary Polymers:
-Saturated Fats: no double bonds, straight single bonds
-every carbon in the fatty acid tail is joined by a single bond
-solid at room temperature ex: butter, avocado
Unsaturated Fats:
-bent, less H
-at least one double bond between carbon atoms
-liquid at room temperature ex: olive oil

more H

Secondary Polymers:
-Steroids- ex: sex hormones, cholesterol, chlorophyll
-Waxes- at least one double bond between carbon atoms ex: ear wax, beeswax

Summary: The structure of macromolecules affects their utilization in the body because of the bonds. The
characteristic of lipids allows them to form layers, which serve as membranes of cells. The bonds help them break
down such as helping them to do other things. They provide them hydrogen and oxygen to survive.