IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 3 | Issue 01 | July 2016

ISSN (online): 2349-784X

An Improved Algorithm for Gaussian Noise

Removal in Stego Image using Shift Invariant
Wavelet Transform
Pooja Pandey
M. Tech Scholar
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Dr. C.V. Raman University, Bilaspur, Chattisgarh-India

Praveen Chouksey
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Dr. C.V. Raman University, Bilaspur, Chattisgarh-India

Abstract
Images are often corrupted with noise during processing of retrieval from storage media. Image also corrupted during
transmission and reception. In digital communication image transmitted in which information security is very important task so
hidden information is embedded in to cover image called stego image. The information in the stego image is in the form of bit
which even corrupted and error occurs in it. For purpose of photography when digital camera is used under poor lighting
conditions, many black spot or dots can be observed in captured image. Stego image also degraded. Degradation comes from
blurring as well as noise due to electronic and photo-metric sources. Reduction in Bandwidth of the image caused by the
imperfect image formation process is Blurring.
Keywords: Stego Image, LSB method, Image Denoising, DWT, Filtering
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I.

INTRODUCTION

In recent times, the need for digital communication has increased dramatically and as a result, the Internet has become essentially
means more effective and faster communication to digital communication. At the same time, data on the Internet has become
susceptible to copyright infringement, espionage, piracy, etc., which therefore requires secret communication. As a result, a new
domain dedicated to information security has evolved and is known as data hiding. Steganography is a relatively novel addition
to the area of data hiding but traces its origin to long ago in history. Steganography employs medium such as image, audio,
video, or text file to conceal any information in it, so that does not draw any interest and looks like an innocuous medium. Cover
medium such as digital image, video and photo became the obvious choice. Stego media are the media, which contain the secret
information while cover media are the plain file. Recently, the images have been a popular choice as a means to cover mainly
because of its redundancy in the representation and the ability to penetrate applications in daily life. Over the years, many
algorithms have been proposed to hide data in images and developing new algorithms are a topic of current research. In this
thesis, some of the most popular and effective among image steganography algorithms are analyzed for their mechanisms,
advantages and disadvantages, which could be a valuable guide for future research scope openings.
II. NOISES & THEIR TYPES
Gaussian Noise:
Most denoising algorithms assume zero mean additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) because it is symmetric, continuous, and
has a smooth density distribution It is an evenly distributed all over the signal component. That means a pixel in any image
having Gaussian noise is the sum of random Gaussian distributed noise and true pixel value. Such kind of noise distributed
Normally to the original image. The image is independent of the noise it is applied to.
Speckle Noise:
Speckle noise is a multiplicative noise. The value of noisy pixel is the multiplication of noise value and the original pixel value.
Coherent imaging systems i.e laser, acoustics and SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imagery affected by such type of noise. The
source of this noise is attributed to random interference between the coherent returns
Salt & Pepper Noise:
Fat- tail distributed or impulsive noise is sometime called salt- and pepper noise or spike noise. The image having this type of
noise contains bright Pixel in dark regions and dark pixel in bright regions. This noise is caused by analog to digital converter
error and also by bit transmission error. Salt and pepper noise is an impulse type of noise. It has only two possible values. The

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An Improved Algorithm for Gaussian Noise Removal in Stego Image using Shift Invariant Wavelet Transform
(IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 01 / 002)

probability of each is typically less than 0.1. This noise giving the image a salt and pepper like appearance means corrupted
pixels are set alternatively to the minimum or to the maximum value.
Shot Noise:
This type of noise comes due to variation in the number of photon sensed at a given exposure level in sensor. Shot noise has a
root mean square value proportional to the square root of intensity of image, and noise at the different pixel is independent on
each other. Shot noise follows the passion distribution, which is not very different from Gaussian distribution. This is also known
as photon shot noise. There is also an additional DARK CURRENT SHOT NOISE which comes due to large leakage current
in the sensor. It is also called the Poisson noise.
Quantization Noise:
It is also called uniform noise. This noise is caused by quantizing the pixels of a sensed image to a number of discrete levels. It
has approximately uniform distribution.
Brownian Noise:
It is also known as brown noise or red noise. This type of noise is produced by the Brownian motion of the signal. Hence its
alternative name is RANDOM WALK NOISE. Brownian noise comes under the category of fractal or 1/f noises.
The mathematical model for 1/f noise is fractional Brownian motion. Fractal Brownian motion is a non-stationary stochastic
process that follows a normal distribution. It is obtained by integrating white noise.
III. IMAGE DENOISING
Image denoising involves the modification of the image data to produce a visually high quality image. Removing of unwanted
noise in order to restore the original image. The primary goal of noise reduction is to remove noise without losing much detail in
an image. Image denoising is different from image enhancement. Image enhancement is an objective process and image
denoising is a subjective process. In image denoising an attempt are made to recover an image that has been degraded by using
prior knowledge of the degradation process. Image enhancement, on other hand manipulation of image characteristics to make it
more appealing to human eye. There is some overlap between these two processes.
IV. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
In previous work we are taking a simple digital image without any secret data embedded in it. The algorithm only deals with
simple images.The image denoising technique is used for Gaussian noise removal from the simple image.
Limitation of Exisiting Work:
The performance of communication system of only simple image not the stego image transported over a noisy wireless link
The internet and multimedia communication in the present wireless age is need of everyone. Therefore network security is very
important. The previous work deals only with simple images and denoising technique for it.
Security is the major threat for network. If two persons need to exchange message secretly through data network, it is difficult in
modern days as there are many techniques which captures and alter the message sent.
V. METHODOLOGY
In this work, a new technique of LSB steganography has been proposed which is an improvised version of one bit LSB
technique. One of the reasons that intruders can be successful is that most of the information they acquire from a system is in a
form that they can read and comprehend. Intruders may reveal the information to others, modify it to misrepresent an individual
or organization, or use it to launch an attack. One solution to this problem is to use steganography. Stenography is a technique of
hiding information in digital media.
LSB Method:
The LSB is the lowest significant bit in the byte value of the image pixel. The LSB based image steganography embeds the
secret in the least significant bits of pixel values of the cover image. The concept of LSB Embedding is simple. It exploits the
fact that the level of precision in many image formats is far greater that that perceivable by average human vision. Therefore, an
altered image with slight variation in its colours will be indistinguishable from the original by a human being, Just by looking at
it.

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An Improved Algorithm for Gaussian Noise Removal in Stego Image using Shift Invariant Wavelet Transform
(IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 01 / 002)

Fig. 3.1: Improved Algorithm Flowchart

VI. RESULT & DISCUSSION

In this research work an investigation has been made on suitability wavelet thresholding and translation invariant methods of
image denoising to remove noise using orthogonal wavelet basis. Then shift invariant denoising method also evaluate in terms of
PSNR and MSE. This chapter contains the results, obtained after following the discrete wavelet and shift invariant denoising
algorithm as discussed in the previous chapter. The results have been demonstrated in the form of comparison tables. At the

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An Improved Algorithm for Gaussian Noise Removal in Stego Image using Shift Invariant Wavelet Transform
(IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 01 / 002)

chapter end, a graphical representation has also been done for a quick analysis of results. All the techniques have been tested for
standard cameraman test images. The noisy image is obtained then this image has denoised by the following wavelet Family for
both image denoising Technique
Haar
Db1
Symmlet
Coiflet
The PSNR value of the noisy image shows that higher the PSNR value is closer to the original image. As per analysis of table1,
2, 3 and 4 the PSNR value and MSE of noisy image for different wavelet analyser. All experiment has been done for camera man
image with noisy PSNR (dB): 20.3754, MSE: 596.4104 mean: 0.0, variance: 0.01.
Snap Shots:
Shows a snap shot of MATLAB gui which shows a true readings of MSE and PSNR value taken at the same time while the table
has drawn. Shows all the snap shots as below:

Fig. 4.1: Baby 1- LSB TECHNIQUE

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An Improved Algorithm for Gaussian Noise Removal in Stego Image using Shift Invariant Wavelet Transform
(IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 01 / 002)

Fig. 4.2: Baby 1 Image denoising

Fig. 4.3: Baby 2 LSB TECHNIQUE

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An Improved Algorithm for Gaussian Noise Removal in Stego Image using Shift Invariant Wavelet Transform
(IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 01 / 002)

Fig. 4.4: Baby 2 Image denoising

VII. CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

The simulation analysis, the wavelet transform in stego image denoising in particular stationary images, can effectively remove
Gaussian noise and improve SNR. With regard to complexity of stego image structure, shift invariant wavelet transform
denoising can play the advantages compared to traditional denoising, invariant wavelet can better demonstrate its advantages.
From the simulation results, we also obtain that use the principle of sure shrink threshold can effectively reduce noise, and can
retain a useful component of image. Translation invariant capability of Attenuating Gibbs oscillation and adaptation to
discontinuities gave an advantage to provide better result.
Future Work:
However selection of the actual denoising procedure plays an important role, it is essential develop to experiment and compare
the methods. Although our proposed algorithm give the encouraging denoising result In future research, it is also possible to get
the better denoising performance. For example it is also possible to develop thresholding function which is more coherent and
better related to neighboring coefficient and also represent better hierarchical dependency between different wavelet
decomposition level .Finally it is also possible to combine our method with other to get high quality of result. Along with these
points we can also consider some points as a future work.
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(IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 01 / 002)
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