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Electronic&Computer
Wednesday,May30,2007

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ThispowersupplycircuituseschipTL494.Similarcircuitisusedinthemostpowersupplies
withoutputpowerabout200W.Deviceusepushpulltransistorcircuitwithregulationof
outputvoltage.

August(8)

Linevoltagegoesthroughinputfiltercircuit(C1,R1,T1,C4,T5)tothebridgerectifier.When
voltageisswitchedfrom230Vto115V,thenrectifierworkslikeadoubler.VaristorsZ1and
Z2haveovervoltageprotectfunctiononthelineinput.
ThermistorNTCR1limitsinputcurrentuntilcapacitorsC5andC6arecharged.R2andR3
areonlyfordischargecapacitorsafterdisconnectingpowersupply.Whenpowersupplyis
connectedtothelinevoltage,thenatfirstarechargedcapacitorsC5andC6togetherfor
about300V.
ThentakearunsecondarypowersupplycontrolledbytransistorQ12andonhisoutputwill
bevoltage.BehindthevoltageregulatorIC3willbevoltage5V,whichgoesintothe
motherboardanditisnecessaryforturnonlogicandfor"Wakeonsomething"functions.
NextunstabilizedvoltagegoesthroughdiodeD30tothemaincontrolchipIC1andcontrol
transistorsQ3andQ4.Whenmainpowersupplyisrunning,thenthisvoltagegoesfrom
+12VoutputthroughdiodeD.

May(90)

July(26)
June(55)
POWERSUPPLY
ATXPC200W
Voltage
Controlled
Switchusing
555Timer
24HourTimerby
IC4060
555Asymmetric
Timer

StandBymode

Othergatesmade
withNAND

InstandbymodeismainpowersupplyblockedbypositivevoltageonthePSONpin
throughresistorR23fromsecondarypowersupply.Becauseofthisvoltageisopened
transistorQ10,whichopensQ1,whichappliesreferencevoltage+5Vfrompin14IO1topin
4IO1.Switchedcircuitistotallyblocked.TranzistorsQ3andQ4arebothopenedandshort
circuitwindingofauxiliarytransformerT2.Duetoshortcircuitisnovoltageonthepower
circuit.Byvoltageonpin4wecandrivemaximumpulsewidthontheIO1output.Zero
voltagemeansthehighestpulsewidth.+5Vmeansthatpulsedisappear.

4011:2input
NANDgates
(easyIC)

Nowwecanexplainfunctionofrunningpowersupply.
Somebodypushesthepowerbuttononcomputer.Motheboardlogicputtogroundinputpin
PSON.TransistorQ10closesandnextQ1closes.CapacitorC15beginshischarging
throughR15andonthepin4IC1beginsdecreasevoltagetozerothankstoR17.Duetothis
voltageismaximumpulsewidthcontinuoslyincreasedandmainpowersupplysmoothly
goesrun.

DarkActivated
SwitchbyIC
741
CD4001Light
DetectorCircuit
555Timer5to30
Minute
1MHZDigital
Frequency
Meter
12VCarBattery
Charger

http://electro87expert.blogspot.com/2007_05_01_archive.html

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Electronic&Computer:May2007

InanormaloperationispowersupplycontrolledbyIC1.WhentransistorsQ1andQ2are
closed,thenQ3andQ4areopened.Whenwewanttoopenonefrompowertransistors(Q1,
Q2),thenwehavetoclosehisexcitingtransistor(Q3,Q4).CurrentgoesviaR46andD14
andonewindingT2.Thiscurrentexcitevoltageonbaseofpowertransistoranddueto
positivefeedbacktransistorgoesquicklytosaturation.Whentheimpulseisfinished,then
bothexcitingtransistorsgoestoopen.Positivefeedbackdissapearsandovershootonthe
excitingwindingquicklyclosespowertransistor.Afteritisprocessrepeteadwithsecond
transistor.TransistorsQ1andQ2alternatelyconnectsoneendofprimarywindingto
positiveornegativevoltage.PowerbranchgoesfromemitorofQ1(collectorQ2)throughthe
thirdwindingofexcitingtransformerT2.NextthrougprimarywindingofmaintransformerT3
andcapacitorC7tothevirtualcenterofsupplyvoltage.

MiniStereo
MIXERMIC
LINEforPC
AudioCard
LM317
Adjustable
Regulator1.5V
LM741OpAMP
(Operational
Amplifier)
LM8560Digital
Clock24Hr
withalarm

Outputvoltagestabilisation
Outputvoltages+5Vand+12VaremeasuredbyR25andR26andtheiroutputgoestothe
IC1.Othervoltagesarenotstabilisedandtheyarejustifiedbywindingnumberanddiode
polarity.Ontheoutputisnecessaryreactancecoilduetohighfrequencyinterference.
Thisvoltageisratedfromvoltagebeforecoil,pulsewidthanddurationcycle.Ontheoutput
behindtherectifierdiodesisacommoncoilforallvoltages.Whenwekeepdirectionof
windingsandwindingnumbercorrespondingtooutputvoltages,thencoilworkslikea
transformerandwehavecompensationforirregularloadofindividualvoltages.
Inacommonpractisearevoltagedeviationsto10%fromratedvalue.Fromtheinternal5V
referenceregulator(pin14IC1)goesreferencevoltagethroughthevoltagedividerR24/R19
toinvertinginput(pin2)oferroramplifier.Fromtheoutputofpowersupplycomesvoltage
throughdividerR25,R26/R20,R21tothenoninvertinginput(pin1).FeedbackC1,R18
providesstabilityofregulator.Voltagefromerroramplifieriscomparedtotherampvoltage
acrosscapacitorC11.
Whentheoutputvoltageisdecreased,thenvoltageontheerroramplifieristoodecreased.
Excitingpulseislonger,powertransistorsQ1andQ2arelongeropened,widthofpulse
beforeoutputcoilisgraterandoutputpowerisincreased.Theseconderroramplifieris
blockedbyvoltageonthepin15IC1.

PowerGood
Mainboardneeds"PowerGood"signal.Whenalloutputvoltagesgoestostable,then
PowerGoodsignalgoesto+5V(logicalone).PowerGoodsignalisusuallyconnectedtothe
RESETsignal.

+3.3VVoltagestabilisation
Lookatcircuitconnectedtooutputvoltage+3.3V.Thiscircuitmakesadditionalvoltage
stabilisationduetolossofvoltageoncables.Thereareoneauxiliarywirefromconnectorfor
measure3.3Vvoltageonmotherboard.

Overvoltagecircuit
ThiscircuitiscomposedfromQ5,Q6andmanydiscretecomponents.Circuitguardsallof
outputvoltagesandwhenthesomelimitisexceeded,powersupplyisstopped.
ForexamplewhenIbymistakeshortcircuit5Vwith+5V,thenpositivevoltagegoesacross
D10,R28,D9tothebaseQ6.ThistransistorisnowopenedandopensQ5.+5Vfrompin14
IC1comesacrossdiodeD11tothepin4IC1andpowersupplyisblocked.Beyondthat
goesvoltageagaintobaseQ6.Powersupplyisstillblocked,untilheisdisconnectedfrom
powerlineinput.

ATXPowerConnector
Pin Signal Color1 Color2 Pin Signal Color1 Color2
1

3.3V

orange violet

11 3.3V

orange violet

3.3V

orange violet

12 12V

blue

blue

GND

black

black

13 GND

black

black

5V

red

red

14 PS_ON green

grey

GND

black

black

15 GND

black

black

5V

red

red

16 GND

black

black

http://electro87expert.blogspot.com/2007_05_01_archive.html

SuperFlashing
LightbyC1061
2BC548
TransistorFM
Voice
Transmitter
CircuitVideo
Amplifierby
transistor
BC547&
BC55...
CircuitSound
SCRSwithby
IC1458&SCR
C106D
CircuitLightRelay
SwitchBy
BC547&
BC337
EggTimerBy555
555TableLamp
Circuit
DoorBuzzerby
NE555+
LM386
LEDChaserbyIC
4017+IC555
TimerCircuitby
FET+
Transister
ZN1034ETimer
circuit
SimpleTimerby
CA3140+
NE555
CMOS
Monostableby
4011
Dooebuzzerwith
555
ChristmasTree
LightsFlasher
with
7812+LM380

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Electronic&Computer:May2007

GND

PW_OK grey

5V_SB violet

10 12V

black

black

black

black

orange 18 5V

white

white

brown

19 5V

red

red

yellow yellow 20 5V

red

red

PostedbyAndroat4:02PM

17 GND

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WaterAlarmwith
LM350
TouchSwitchBy
IC4001&4020
SupplySplitter
withIC741&
TIP41,TIP42

Labels:PowerSupply

LightSensitive
Switchwith
LDR+2N2926

VoltageControlledSwitchusing555Timer

FETOverload
CurrentTrip

Source::http://www.zen22142.zen.co.uk/Circuits/Switching/vcs555.htm

Dfferential
Temperature
RelaySwitchby
IC741

Circuit:MiroslavAdzicSerbia&Montenegro
Description:
Inthiscircuitthe555timerisusedinanovelway,asavoltagecontrolledswitch.

D.M.M.To
Stopclock
Converterwith
CA3140
555ICTimer
controlrelay
Switch
513VPower
SupplywithIC
7805&CA3140
OptoThermo
ControlRelay
SwitchwithIC
741

Notes:
TheoldandomnipresentNE555canbeverygoodatsomethingitwasnotmeantfor:driving
relaysorotherloadsupto200mA.Thepictureshowsanexamplecircuit:iftheinputlevel
risesover2/3ofthesupplyvoltageitwillturnontherelay,andtherelaywillstayonuntil
thelevelattheinputdropsbelowonethirdofthesupplyvoltage.
IftherelayandD1wereconnectedbetweenpin3andground,therelaywouldbeactivated
whentheinputvoltagedropsbelowonethird,anddeactivatedwhentheinputvoltagegoes
overtwothirdsofthesupplyvoltage.
Itisalsoaniceadvantagethattheinputrequiresonlyabout1uA,whichissomething
bipolartransistorscan'tcompetewith.(Thishighimpedanceinputmustnotbeleftopen.)A
largehysteresismakesthecircuitimmunetonoise.Theoutput(pin3)canonlybeeither
highorlow(voltagewise),anditchangesitsstatealmostinstantenously,regardlessofthe
inputsignalshape.
ThevoltagedropacrosstheNE555'soutputstage(at35100mA)is0.32.0V,dependingon
thewaytherelayisconnectedandtheexactcurrentitdraws.D1isabsolutelyvitaltothe
safetyoftheintegratedcircuit.
PostedbyAndroat3:18PM

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Labels:ElectronicControl

24HourTimerbyIC4060
http://electro87expert.blogspot.com/2007_05_01_archive.html

TwoToneAlarm
withICLM3900
OptoThermo
AlarmwithIC
741&4001
LightChange
DetectorbyIC
CA3130
IC555LED
Flasher
LM3909Low
PowerLED
Flasher
LowBattery
Voltage
IndicatorbyIC
8211
InfraredIntruder
Alarm
CarBatteryAlarm
circuitregulator
12V10AbyIC
723+2N3055
7805+Mj2955
powersupply
5V5Afordigital
circuit...
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Electronic&Computer:May2007

Source::http://www.zen22142.zen.co.uk/Circuits/Timing/24hour.htm

TwoDownOne

Circuit:RonJ
EmailRon

12VDCMotor
Speed
Controllerby
4011

Description:
Thesetwocircuitsaremultirangetimersofferingperiodsofupto24hoursandbeyond.
Bothareessentiallythesame.Themaindifferenceisthatwhenthetimerunsout,Version1
energizestherelayandVersion2deenergizesit.Thefirstuseslesspowerwhilethetimer
isrunningandtheseconduseslesspowerafterthetimerstops.Picktheonethatbest
suitsyourapplication.

NicadCharger
CarCassette
PowerSupply
Unregulator
PowerSupply
RegulatorBooster
bytransistor
SingleICPower
Supplyby78
RegulatedPower
Supplyby
Transistor
(TIP31)
AutoCharger
battery12V
(withPCB)
Regulator030V
5AbyIC723&
2N30552part
Regulator5V3A
byICLA5105
Regulator030V
2AbyIC723&
2N3055
WaaWaa
VoiceOperated
Fader
TremoloUnit
SustainUnit
SpeechProcessor
SingleICOrgan

Notes:
TheCmos4060isa14bitbinarycounterwithabuiltinoscillator.Theoscillatorconsistsof
thetwoinvertersconnectedtoPins9,10&11anditsfrequencyissetbyR3,R4&C3.The
greenLedflasheswhiletheoscillatorisrunning:andtheICcountsthenumberof
oscillations.Althoughit'sa14bitcounter,notallofthebitsareaccessible.Thosethatcan
bereachedareshownonthedrawing.
Byadjustingthefrequencyoftheoscillatoryoucansetthelengthoftimeittakesforany
givenoutputtogohigh.Thisoutputthenswitchesthetransistorwhichinturnoperatesthe
relay.Atthesametime,D1stopsthecountbydisablingtheoscillator.IdeallyC3shouldbe
nonpolarizedbutaregularelectrolyticwillwork,provideditdoesn'tleaktoobadlyinthe
reversedirection.Alternatively,youcansimulateanonpolarized10uFcapacitorby
connectingtwo22uFcapacitorsbacktoback(asshown).
Using"TrialandError"tosetalongtimeperiodwouldbeverytedious.Abettersolutionisto
usetheSetuptablesprovidedandcalculatethetimerequiredforPin7togohigh.The
Setuptablesonbothschematicsareinterchangeable.They'rejusttwodifferentwaysof
expressingthesameequation.
Forexample,ifyouwantaperiodof9Hours,theRangetableshowsthatyoucanusethe
outputatPin2.YouneedPin2togohighafter9x60x60=32400seconds.TheSetup
http://electro87expert.blogspot.com/2007_05_01_archive.html

OptoTone
(Controlsound
bylight)
NoiseGateby
BC109
Metronomeby
transistor
Metronomeby
555
AutomaticFader
byLF351&
FET
AutoWaa
AudioLimiter
(AudioControl)
Mosfet6Watt
Siren
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Electronic&Computer:May2007

tabletellsyoutodividethisby512givingabout63seconds.AdjustR4sothattheYellow
LEDlights63secondsafterpowerisapplied.ThiswillgiveanoutputatPin2afterabout9
Hours.
TheSupportMaterialforthetimersincludesadetailedcircuitdescriptionpartslistsa
stepbystepguidetoconstructionandmore.AsuitableVeroboardlayoutforeachversion
isshownbelow:

Stereo
Synthesiserby
Transistor
TransistorHum
NotchFilter
Remoteand
TouchVolume
Controlsby
MC3340P
PeakReadingVU
Meterby
CA3130
PeakLevel
Indicatorby
ua723
LM3914LEDVU
Meter
SimpleRegulator
ByTransistor
(C1061)
Regulator
5V,6V,9V,12V
1AByIC
7805,7806,780
9,781...
Regulator1.25
30V1ABy
LM317T
Regulator030V
1ABy
Transistor
(C1061)
XR2206Function
Generator.

Thetimerwasdesignedfora12voltsupply.However,providedasuitablerelayisused,the
circuitwillworkatanythingfrom5to15volts.Applyingpowerstartsthetimer.Itcanbe
resetatanytimebyabriefinterruptionofthepowersupply.Theresetbuttonisoptionalbut
itshouldNOTbeusedduringsetup.ThetimeittakesfortheYellowLEDtolightMUSTbe
measuredfromthemomentpowerisapplied.AlthoughR1,R2andthetwoLEDshelpwith
thesetup,theyarenotnecessarytotheoperationofthetimer.Ifyouwanttoreducethe
powerconsumption,disconnectthemonceyou'vecompletedthesetup.Ifyouneedalonger
periodthan24hours,increasethevalueofC3.

SoundMetereasy
testing
ACLinetesting
circuit.
TheLEDSensor
easycircuit.
April(12)
March(1)
February(33)

PostedbyAndroat3:09PM

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January(20)

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Labels:timer

AboutMe

555AsymmetricTimer

Andro
Viewmycompleteprofile

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10/11/2016

Electronic&Computer:May2007
Clickfordetail

Online1

ipaddress

Source::http://www.zen22142.zen.co.uk/Circuits/Timing/asym.htm
Circuit:AndyCollinson
Email:anc@mitedu.freeserve.co.uk
Description:
Atimercircuitwithindependentmarkandspaceperiods.
Notes:
Asimpleastabletimermadewiththe555,themark(on)andspace(off)valuesmaybeset
independently.ThetimingchainconsistsofresistorsRa,RbandcapacitorCt.The
capacitor,CtchargesviaRawhichisinserieswiththe1N4148diode.Thedischargepathis
viaRbintointopin7oftheIC.Bothhalvesofthetimingperiodcannowbeset
independently.
Thechargetime(outputhigh)iscalculatedby:
T(on)=0.7RaCt
Thedischargetime(outputlow)iscalculatedby:
T(off)=0.7RbCt
PleasenotethattheformulaforT(on)ignorestheseriesresistanceandforwardvoltageof
the1N4148andisthereforeapproximate,butT(off)isnotaffectedbyD1andistherefore
precise.
PostedbyAndroat3:04PM

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Labels:timer

Tuesday,May29,2007

OthergatesmadewithNAND
Source::http://www.doctronics.co.uk/4011.htm
AnimportantpropertyofNANDgatesisthattheycanbelinkedtoperformthefunctionsof
otherlogicgates.Infact,anylogicfunctioncanbeimplementedusingonlyNANDgates:

http://electro87expert.blogspot.com/2007_05_01_archive.html

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Electronic&Computer:May2007

IfyouhavedesignedasystemwhichneedsaNANDgate,aNOTgateandanANDgate,
youmightthinkofusingaseparateintegratedcircuitforeachlogicfunction.Thiswould
leaveyouwithacircuitinwhichtherewerethreeunusedNANDgates,fiveunusedNOT
gatesandthreeunusedANDgates.Itisalotmoreefficient(andcheaper)touseNAND
gatestoimplementtheotherfunctions.Allthreegatescanbemadewithjustone4011
integratedcircuit.
PostedbyAndroat3:46PM

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Labels:datasheet

4011:2inputNANDgates(easyIC)
Source::http://www.doctronics.co.uk/4011.htm

Pinconnections
The4011hasfourseparate2inputNAND
gateswhichyoucanuseindependently.

Truthtable
Thetruthtableofeachindividualgateis:

inputB

inputA

output

http://electro87expert.blogspot.com/2007_05_01_archive.html

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Electronic&Computer:May2007

where'0'representsaLOWvoltage,and'1'representsaHIGHvoltage.
PostedbyAndroat3:27PM

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Labels:datasheet

DarkActivatedSwitchbyIC741
Source::http://www.zen22142.zen.co.uk/Circuits/Switching/darksw.htm
Circuit:AndyCollinson
Email:anc@mitedu.freeserve.co.uk
Description:
Thiscircuitwillactivatearelaywhenlightfallstoapresetlevel.Lightlevelcanbeadjusted
withVR1andtherelaycontactsmaybeusedtooperateanexternallightorbuzzer.

Notes:
ThelightsensorusedistheORP12photocell.InbrightlighttheresistanceoftheORP12
canbeaslowas80ohmandat50lux(darkness)theresistanceincreasestoover1Mohm.
The1Mcontrolshouldprovideawiderangeforlightintensities,ifnotitsvaluemaybe
increased.Theopampsensesthevoltagedifferencebetweenpins2and3.Thecontrol
VR1isadjustedsothattherelayisoff,theoutputoftheopampwillbearound2Volts.
Whenlightfalls,theresistanceofthephotocellincreasesandthedifferenceininputvoltage
isamplifiedbytheopamp,theoutputwillswingtowardsfullsupplyanddrivethetransistor
andrelay.The270kresistorprovidesasmallamountofhysteresis,sothatthecircuit
switchesonandoffwithslightlydifferentlightlevels.Thiseliminatesrelaychatter.Take
greatcareifyoudecidetowiretherelaytoactivateamainslamp.Makesuretherelay
contactsprovideadequateisolationandhaveampleratingfortheload.
PartsList:
ORP12Photocell(1)
RLY1:12VSPDT(1)
U1:UA741(1)
Q1:BC109NPN(1)
D1:1N4002DIODE(1)
F1:1A(1)
VR1:1MRESISTOR(1)
ORP12:500KRESISTOR(1)
R1,R3,R2:10kRESISTOR(3)
R5:4.7kRESISTOR(1)
R6:1kRESISTOR(1)
http://electro87expert.blogspot.com/2007_05_01_archive.html

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Electronic&Computer:May2007

R4:270kRESISTOR(1)

PostedbyAndroat2:12PM

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Labels:Lighting

CD4001LightDetectorCircuit
Source::http://www.zen22142.zen.co.uk/Circuits/Switching/ldet.htm

KindlysubmittedbyMickDevinefromtheUK
Notes:
VariableresistorR1adjuststhelightthresholdatwhichthecircuittriggers.R1'svalueis
chosentomatchthephotocellsresistanceatdarkness.ThecircuitusesaCMOS4001IC.
GateU1aactsasthetrigger,U1bandcformalatch.S1resetsthecircuit.Theoutput
devicemaybealowpowerpiezobuzzer.
PostedbyAndroat2:09PM

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Labels:Lighting

555Timer5to30Minute
Source::http://www.zen22142.zen.co.uk/Circuits/Timing/5_30timer.htm

Circuit:AndyCollinson
Email:anc@mitedu.freeserve.co.uk
Descriptipn:
Aswitchedtimerforintervalsof5to30minutesincrementedin5minutesteps.
Notes:
Simpletobuild,simpletomake,nothingtoocomplicatedhere.Howeveryoumustusethe
http://electro87expert.blogspot.com/2007_05_01_archive.html

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Electronic&Computer:May2007

CMOStype555timerdesignatedthe7555,anormal555timerwillnotworkhereduetothe
resistorvalues.AlsoalowleakagetypecapacitormustbeusedforC1,andIwouldstrongly
suggestaTantalumBeadtype.Switch3addsanextraresistorinseriestothetimingchain
witheachrotation,thetimingperiodusdefinedas:
Timing=1.1C1xR1

NotethatR1hasavalueof8.2MwithS3atposition"a"and49.2Matposition"f".This
equatestojustshortof300secondsforeachpositionofS3.C1andR1throughR6maybe
changedfordifferenttimingperiods.TheoutputcurrentfromPin3ofthetimer,isamplified
byQ1andusedtodrivearelay.
PartsList:
Relay9voltcoilwithc/ocontact(1)
S1:On/Off(1)
S2:Start(1)
S3:Range(1)
IC1:7555(1)
B1:9V(1)
C1:33uFCAP(1)
Q1:BC109CNPN(1)
D1:1N4004DIODE(1)
C2:100nCAP(1)
R6,R5,R4,R3,R2,R1:8.2MRESISTOR(6)
R8:100kRESISTOR(1)
R7:4.7kRESISTOR(1)
PostedbyAndroat1:55PM

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Labels:555

Monday,May28,2007

1MHZDigitalFrequencyMeter
Source::http://users.otenet.gr/~athsam/frequency_meter.htm

Thiscircuitisafrequencymeter,lowcost.Itcoversregion1HZuntil1MHZ.TheIC1
schmitttriggerthatitregulatesthesignalofentryandhimchangesinreasonablelevel
suitablefortheIC234.WiththetenthpulseintheentryofIC2/1,isproducedapulse''
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10/11/2016

Electronic&Computer:May2007

carry''intheIC3/5.ThesamemomenttheIC2causesthedepictionintheDIS1,show[0],
theIC3causestheDIS2,toshow[1].WhenintheentryofIC3itreachesandthetenth
pulse,theDIS2show[0]andtheDIS3show[1],(withtotaldepiction100,havingthe
displayinrightorder).Theexit''carry''offIC4/5,canbeusedinordertoitturnsonthe
decimalpoint(comma)theDIS1,inordertoitshowsasituationoverthelimitsof
measurement.Thetimedbeginswiththeoneofhalfdoubletimer(IC5A).SwitchS1select
theinterruptionthetimein1secorin1ms.Atthedurationofthisinterruption,secondhalf
the(IC5B),itproducesainterruptionofdepiction2or3sec.,atthedurationwhichcounter
cutoffbytheentryandthedisplaysremainOFF.Intheendofdepiction,apulseRESET,
beginstheinterruptionoftime/depiction.ThecriticalpointisroundtheQ1IC1,whichshould
beplacedaslongasitbecomesmorenearinthejackofentry,torejectofparasiticsignals
ofhighfrequency.Fortheregulation,wecanuseafrequencymetergoodprecision(ifyou
donothaveyouarelented)andageneratorofsignal.WeputswitchS1,inplace[HZ],we
applyintheentryalowfrequencyandweregulatethetrimmerTR2,sothatwetaketheright
clue,whichshouldsuitwithsourcefrequencymeter.Werepeatalsotheregulationforthe
departmentofKHZ,withahigherfrequency.Thesupplyofcircuitbecomeswithabattery
+9V,ifitisusedasportableorfromsuitablepowersupplyifitisincorporatedinsomeunit
thatexistsalready.

PartList
R1=8.2MohmC5=2.2uF16VIC234=4026
R29=100KohmC6=10uF16VIC5=556
R3=470KohmC7=10nF63VMylarIC6=4007
R4=470ohmC810=1nF63VMylarIC7=7805
R567=10KohmC9=1uF16VDS13=Display7segmentComm.Cath.
R8=3.3MohmTR1=1MohmtrimmerS1=ONOFFminiswitch
C12=1uF63VMylarTR2=1KohmtrimmerS2=1X2miniswitch
C3=47uF16VQ1=2N930
C4=100nF63VIC1=4583[DualSchmittTrigger]
PostedbyAndroat10:03PM

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Labels:Meter,OscillatorGenerator

12VCarBatteryCharger
Source:http://users.otenet.gr/~athsam/car_12v_battery_charger.htm

Theusualchargersofbatteryautomotive,aresimpleandcheapappliancesthatcharge
continuouslythebattery,witharythmoffewamperes,forthetimewheretheapplianceis
ON.Iftheholderdonotcloseintimethecharger,thebatterywilloverchargeandher
electrolyticfacultyarelostwithevaporationorlikelyexistsdestructionofherelements.The
chargerofcircuitexceedsthesefaults.Itcheckselectronicthesituationofchargeofbattery
andithascircuitofcontrolwithretroaction,thatforcesthebatterychargewithbiggestrythm
untilchargecompletely.Whenchargecompletely,itturnsononeREDled(LD2).The
chargerhasbeendrawninordertochargebatteriesof12V,ONLY.Whatshouldwatchit
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fromwhatitmanufacturesthecircuit,theyarethecablesthatconnectthetransformerwith
thecircuitandinthecontinuitythebattery,shouldtheyarebigcrosssection,sothatheat
whenitpassesfrominthemthecurrentofchargeandalsotheydonotcausefallofvoltage
atthewayofcurrentthroughthem.

Adjustment

Afterassemblingofthecircuit,adjustTR1tonullvalue,powerupandmakethefollowingadjustments:
[1]Withoutconnectingthebatterycheckthatthe2LEDsareturnedon.
[2]ConnectacarbatterytothecircuitandcheckthatLD2isOFFandacurrent(normally2Ato4A)isflowing
tothebattery.
[3]AdjustTR1untilLD2turnsONandthechargecurrentiscut.
[4]AdjustTR1tonullvalueandchargethebatteryusingthehydrometertechnique(ifyoudonothaveordo
notknowhowtouseahydrometer,thenuseagoodconditionbatteryandcharge).
CarefullyadjustTR1sothatLD2beginstoturnONandthechargecurrentfallstoafewhundredmilliamps
(mA).IfTR1issetcorrectlytheninthenextroundofchargingyouwillnoticedLD2begintoflickerasthe
batteryisbeingcharged.Whenbatteryiscompletelycharged,LD2turnsONcompletely.TR1doesnotneed
furtheradjustmentanymore.Q1isconnectedinlinewiththebatteryandisfiredbyR3,R4andLD2.TheR2,
C1,TR1andD2sensethevoltageofthebatteryterminalandactivateQ2whenthevoltageofthebattery
terminalexceedsthevaluepredeterminedbyTR1.Whenanunchargedbatteryisconnected,theterminal
voltageislow.Underthiscircumstance,Q2isturnedOFFandQ1isfiredineachhalfcyclebyR3,R4and
LD2.TheQ1functionsasasimplerectifierandchargesthebattery.Ifthebatteryterminalvoltageisincreased
abovethelevelthathadbeenfixedbyTR1,thenQ2shiftsthecontrolofQ1gate.ThisdeactivatesQ1and
cutsoffthecurrentsupplytothebatteryandturnsLD2ONindicatingthatthechargehasbeencompleted.Q1
andbridgerectifierGR1shouldbemountedonheatsinkstopreventoverheating.M1isa5ADCammeterto
measurethechargecurrent.

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MiniStereoMIXERMICLINEforPCAudioCard
Source:http://users.otenet.gr/~athsam/audio_mixer_pc.htm

Mostcardsofsoundincomputer,aredeprivedstereoinputformicrophone,onthecontrary
havestereoinputforhighlevel[Line].ThecircuitusestheinputLineofcardofsound,in
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ordertoweplaceatwomonostereomicrophone,intheinputofcardofsound.
Simultaneouslyheismorefunctionnal,afterwehavethepossibilityofregulatingthegainof
stageofmicrophoneandregulatingthefinallevelofsoundexternallyandindependentfor
eachchannelofmicrophone.Thissolutionwasselectedinordertowecanifwewantmixing
twomonomicrophones.AlsoexisttheclassicsupplyforElectretmicrophones.
SimultaneouslyexiststereoinputLine,withtwochoicesplugsofinputandregulationlevel
ofinputwiththeRV4,makinghimmixofsoundsfromthemicrophonesandtheinputLine,
easyaffair.TheinputA,usetwoplugsRCA[JF34]andinputB,useaclassicstereoplug
jack3.5mmofnail.TheIC2AB,maketheadditionofsignalsandtheydrivethestereo
output,thatbecomesfromtheJF6jack.InJF7,wecangivethesupply,biggerthan+
9Vdc,fromasimpleexternalpowerpack.Thisvoltageisstabilisedin+5V,fromtheIC3.
Thislowvoltagewasselectedinorder,todoesnotexistdangeroverdriveofcardofsound.
Ifthelevel,isnotinthelevelthatwewant,wecanchangethepricesofresistorsR1419
andR21untilR24,withothersmallerorbigger,sothatwechangealsothepercentageof
gainofproportionalstage.

PartList
R183132=3.3KohmsC14791217=10uF16VIC1=TLC274
R272730=100ohmsC28=470nF63VMKTIC2=TLC272
R34910=1MohmsC3242728=100nF63VMKTIC3=7805
R51121222324=10KohmsC510=10pFceramicD1=1N4007
R6121517=1KohmsC611=1uF16VD2=LED3mm
R131419202829=47KohmsC13162021=47pFJF1256=femalejack3.5mmstereo
R18162526=22KohmsC14151819=1uF63VMKTJF34=RCAfemaleplug
RV1=2X100KohmsLin.C222325=100uF16VJF7=femalejack3.5mmmono
RV23=47Kohmslog.C26=4.7uF16V
RV4=2X47Kohmslog.C29=470uF25VAlltheResistorsis1/4W1%metalfilm
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LM317AdjustableRegulator1.5V
Sorce:http://www.national.com/pf/LM/LM317.html
Features

Guaranteed1%outputvoltagetolerance(LM317A)
Guaranteedmax.0.01%/Vlineregulation(LM317A)
Guaranteedmax.0.3%loadregulation(LM117)
Guaranteed1.5Aoutputcurrent
Adjustableoutputdownto1.2V
Currentlimitconstantwithtemperature
P+ProductEnhancementtested
80dBripplerejection
Outputisshortcircuitprotected

GeneralDescription

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TheLM117seriesofadjustable3terminalpositivevoltageregulatorsiscapableofsupplying
inexcessof1.5Aovera1.2Vto37Voutputrange.
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LM741OpAMP(OperationalAmplifier)
GeneralDescription
TheLM741seriesaregeneralpurposeoperationalamplifierswhichfeatureimproved
performanceoverindustrystandardsliketheLM709

Source:http://www.national.com/pf/LM/LM741.html
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Sunday,May27,2007

LM8560DigitalClock24Hrwithalarm

CircuitLM8560DigitalClock24Hrwithalarm

PCBLM8560DigitalClock24Hrwithalarm

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Labels:timer

SuperFlashingLightbyC1061

CircuitSuperFlashingLightbyC1061

PCBSuperFlashingLightbyC1061

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Saturday,May26,2007

2BC548TransistorFMVoiceTransmitter
Source::http://www.zen22142.zen.co.uk/Circuits/rf/2bjttx.htm
Takecarewithtransmittercircuits.Itisillegalinmostcountriestooperateradiotransmitters
withoutalicense.Althoughonlylowpowerthiscircuitmaybetunedtooperateoverthe
range87108MHzwitharangeof20or30metres.

Notes:
IhaveusedapairofBC548transistorsinthiscircuit.AlthoughnotstrictlyRFtransistors,
theystillgivegoodresults.IhaveusedanECMMicinsertfromMaplinElectronics,order
codeFS43W.ItisatwoterminalECM,butordinarydynamicmicinsertscanalsobeused,
simplyomitthefront10kresistor.ThecoilL1wasagainfromMaplin,partno.UF68Yand
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consistsof7turnsonaquarterinchplasticformerwithatuningslug.Thetuningslugis
adjustedtotunethetransmitter.Actualrangeonmyprototypetunedfrom70MHztoaround
120MHz.Theaerialisafewinchesofwire.Lengthsofwiregreaterthan2feetmaydamp
oscillationsandnotallowthecircuittowork.AlthoughRFcircuitsarebestconstructedona
PCB,youcangetawaywithveroboard,keepallleadsshort,andbreaktracksatappropriate
points.
Onefinalpoint,don'tholdthecircuitinyourhandandtrytospeak.Bodycapacitanceis
equivalenttoa200pFcapacitorshuntedtoearth,dampingalloscillations.Ihavehadsome
firsthandexperienceofthisproblem.Thefrequencyofoscillationcanbefoundfromthe
theorysection,andanexamplenowappearsintheCircuitAnalysissection.
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Labels:RF

Tuesday,May22,2007

CircuitVideoAmplifierbytransistorBC547&
BC557

CircuitVideoAmplifierbytransistorBC547&BC557

PCBVideoAmplifierbytransistorBC547&BC557
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CircuitSoundSCRSwithbyIC1458&SCRC106D

CircuitSoundSCRSwithbyIC1458&SCRC106D

PCBSoundSCRSwithbyIC1458&SCRC106D
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CircuitLightRelaySwitchByBC547&BC337

CircuitLightRelaySwitchByBC547&BC337

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PCBLightRelaySwitchByBC547&BC337
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EggTimerBy555

CircuitEggTimerBy555
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555TableLampCircuit

Circuit555TableLampCircuit
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PostedbyAndroat12:23AM

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DoorBuzzerbyNE555+LM386

CircuitDoorBuzzerbyNE555+LM386
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Sunday,May20,2007

LEDChaserbyIC4017+IC555

CircuitLEDChaserbyIC4017+IC555
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TimerCircuitbyFET+Transister

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CircuitTimerCircuitbyFET+Transister
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ZN1034ETimercircuit

CircuitZN1034ETimercircuit
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SimpleTimerbyCA3140+NE555

CircuitSimpleTimerbyCA3140+NE555
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CMOSMonostableby4011

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CircuitCMOSMonostableby4011
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Dooebuzzerwith555

CircuitDooebuzzerwith555
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ChristmasTreeLightsFlasherwith7812+LM380

CircuitChristmasTreeLightsFlasherwith7812+LM380
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Friday,May18,2007

WaterAlarmwithLM350

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CircuitWaterAlarmwithLM350
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TouchSwitchByIC4001&4020

CircuitTouchSwitchByIC4001&4020
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SupplySplitterwithIC741&TIP41,TIP42

CircuitSupplySplitterwithIC741&TIP41,TIP42
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LightSensitiveSwitchwithLDR+2N2926
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CircuitLightSensitiveSwitchwithLDR+2N2926
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FETOverloadCurrentTrip

CircuitFETOverloadCurrentTrip
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DfferentialTemperatureRelaySwitchbyIC741

CircuitDfferentialTemperatureRelaySwitchbyIC741

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PostedbyAndroat7:39AM

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D.M.M.ToStopclockConverterwithCA3140

CircuitD.M.M.ToStopclockConverterwithCA3140
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555ICTimercontrolrelaySwitch

Circuit555ICTimercontrolrelaySwitch
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513VPowerSupplywithIC7805&CA3140

Circuit513VPowerSupplywithIC7805&CA3140

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PostedbyAndroat7:36AM

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Thursday,May17,2007

OptoThermoControlRelaySwitchwithIC741

CircuitOptoThermoControlRelaySwitchwithIC741
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TwoToneAlarmwithICLM3900

CircuitTwoToneAlarmwithICLM3900
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