SYLLABUS IN

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW II
Atty. V. Paul Le. Montejo
PRELIMINARIES
Academic Freedom
GARCIA VS. FACULTY OF ADMISSION, 68 SCRA 277 (1975)
ANNOTATION 313 SCRA 428
DLSU VS. CA 541 SCRA 22 (2007)
CSC VS. SOJOR 554 SCRA 160 (2008)
MERCADO VS. AMA 618 SCRA 218 (2010)
CALAWAG VS. UPVISAYAS 703 SCRA 373 (2013)

INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS
I.

DUE PROCESS AND EQUAL PROTECTION AS LIMITATIONS ON POLICE POWER,

EMINENT DOMAIN AND TAXATION
A. Fundamental Principles on Constitutional Law and the Bill of Rights
Cases MANILA PRINCE HOTEL VS. GSIS 267 SCRA 408 (1997)
TAADA VS. ANGARA 272 SCRA 18 (1997)
DOMINO VS. COMELEC 310 SCRA 546 (1999)
PAMATONG VS. COMELEC 427 SCRA 96 (2004)
YRASUEGI VS. PAL 569 SCRA 467 (2008)
DATU MICHAEL ABAS KIDA vs. SENATE 659 SCRA 270 (2011)
667 SCRA 270 (2012)
CHAVEZ VS. JBC 676 SCRA 579 (2012)
CHAVEZ VS. JBC 696 SCRA 496 (2013)
B. Basic Principles on the Fundamental Powers of the State, their characteristics,
similarities and distinctions, and their limitations
C. DUE PROCESS IN GENERAL Article III, Section 1, 1987 Constitution
Annotation on Due Process 627 SCRA 558
Procedural and Substantive
Publication of Laws TAADA RULINGS, E.O. 200
CASES PEOPLE VS. SITON 600 SCRA 476 (2009)
DLSU VS. CA 541 SCRA 22 (2007)
ROMUALDEZ VS. COMELEC 573 SCRA 639 (2008)
GARCILLANO VS. COMMITTEES 575 SCRA 170 (2008)
PLACIDO VS. NLRC 600 SCRA 697 (2009)
MENDOZA VS. COMELEC 603 SCRA 692 (2009)
SURIGAO ELECTRIC VS. ERC 632 SCRA 96 (2010)
HERITAGE HOTEL VS. NUNHRAIN 639 SCRA 420 (2011)
BOCEA VS. TEVES 661 SCRA 589 (2011)
CABALIT VS. COA 663 SCRA 133 (2012)
YLAYA VS. GACOTT 689 SCRA 452 (2013)
D. DUE PROCESS AND POLICE POWER
CASES WHITE LIGHT CORP. VS. CITY OF MANILA 576 SCRA 1416 (2009)
OFFICE OF THE SOLICITOR VS. AYALA 600 SCRA 617 (2009)
BSP MB VS. ANTONIO-VALENZUELA 602 SCRA 638 (2009)
ROXAS & CO. VS. DAMBA-NFSW 607 SCRA 33 (2009)
CHEVRON VS. BCDA 630 SCRA 519 (2010)
ESPINA VS. ZAMORA 631 SCRA 17 (2010)
FERNANDO VS. ST. SCHOLASTICA 693 SCRA 141 (2013)
LEGASPI VS. CITY OF CEBU 711 SCRA 771 (2013)
MANILA MEMORIAL VS. DSWD 711 SCRA 302 (2013)
E. DUE PROCESS AND EMINENT DOMAIN
Article III, Section 9, 1987 Constitution
CASES APO FRUITS VS. LBP 632 SCRA 727 (2010)
ABAD VS. FILHOMES REALTY 636 SCRA 247 (2010)
VDA. DE OUANO VS. REPUBLIC 642 SCRA 384 (2011)
NPC VS. HEIRS OF SANGKAY 656 SCRA 60 (2011)
REPUBLIC VS. SAMSON-TATAD 696 SCRA 809 (2013)

SY VS. LG OF QUEZON CITY 697 SCRA 621 (2013)

SEC. OF DPWH VS. TECSON 700 SCRA 243 (2013)
NPC VS. CRUZ 702 SCRA 359 (2013)
DYCOCO VS. CA 702 SCRA 566 (2013)
LBP VS. AMERICAN RUBBER CORP 702 SCRA 166 (2013)
REPUBLIC VS. BPI 705 SCRA 560 (2013)
MANILA MEMORIAL VS. DSWD 711 SCRA 302 (2013)
Annotation: JUST COMPENSATION IN EMINENT DOMAIM 686 SCRA 869
F. EQUAL PROTECTION - Article III, Section 1, 1987 Constitution
1. Economic Equality Art. II, Sec. 14
Art. III, Sec. 11 (free access)
Art. VIII, Sec. 5 [5] (legal aid)
Art. XII, Sec. 2 (Marine resources)
Sec. 10 (nationalization)
Art. XIII, Secs. 1-2 (social justice)
Sec. 3 (protection to labor)
2. Political Equality Art. IX-C, Sec. 10 (discrimination)
Art. XIII, Sec. 1 (social justice)
CASE DUMLAO VS. COMELEC 95 SCRA 392 (1980)
QUINTO VS. COMELEC 606 SCRA 258 (2009)
February 2010 Decision
ANG LADLAD VS. COMELEC 618 SCRA 32 (2010)
3. Social Equality Art. XIII, Sec. 1
Annotation SOCIAL JUSTICE 645 SCRA 401 (2011)
4. OTHER CASES
TRILLANES VS. PIMENTEL 556 SCRA 471
SORIANO VS. LAGUARDIA 587 SCRA 79 (2009)
CHAMBER OF REAL VS. ROMULO 614 SCRA 605 (2010)
BIRAOGO VS. PHIL TRUTH 637 SCRA 78 (2010)
BOCEA VS. TEVES 661 SCRA 589 (2011)
DEL CASTILLO VS. PEOPLE 664 SCRA 450 (2012)
COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS v. HYPERMIX FEEDS
664 SRA 666 (2012)
MANOTOK VS. HEIRS OF BARQUE 667 SCRA 472 (2012)
GARCIA VS. DRILON 699 SCRA 667 (2013)
AQUINO VS. PPA 696 SCRA 666 (2013)
NATIONAL ARTIST VS. EX. SEC. 701 SCRA 269 (2013)

Annotation - REVISITING FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN CONSTITUTIONAL

LAW 663 SCRA 661 (2012)
II.

REQUIREMENTS OF FAIR PROCEDURE

A. Arrests, Searches and Seizures, Privacy of Communications
Article III, Section 2, 1987 Constitution
Article III, Section 3, 1987 Constitution
1. Requirements for Search Warrants
See Rule 126 of the Revised Rules on Criminal Procedure
CASES IN RE MORALES 571 SCRA 361 (2008)
PEOPLE VS. NUEZ 591 SCRA 394 (2009)
DEL ROSARIO VS. DONATO SR. 614 SCRA 332 (2010)
PEOPLE VS. TUAN 628 SCRA 226 (2010)
PEOPLE VS. MAMARIL 632 SCRA 369 (2010)
TAN VS. SY TIONG GUE 638 SCRA 601 (2010)
TY VS. DE JEMIL 638 SCRA 671 (2010)
POLLO VS. CONSTANTINO-DAVID 659 SCRA 189 (2011)

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ANNOTATION SEARCH AND SEIZURE 291 SCRA 418

WARRANTLESS SEARCH AND SEIZURE OF
PROHIBITED DRUGS 610 SCRA 670 (2010)
SEARCH AND SEIZURE 643 SCRA 637 (2011)
LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE ON SEARCH
WARRANTS AND WARRANTLESS
SEARCHES 664 SCRA 450 (2012)
2. Valid Instances of Warrantless Searches and Seizures
(A) Search of Moving Vehicles
CASES EPIE VS. ULAT-MARREDO 518 SCRA 641 (2007)
PEOPLE VS. TUASON 532 SCRA 152 (2007)
PEOPLE VS. MAMACOS 621 SCRA 327 (2010)
(B) Search Incident to a Valid Arrest
See Rule 126, Section 12, Rules on Criminal Procedure
CASES DEL CASTILLO VS. PEOPLE 664 SCRA 450 (2012)
LUZ VS. PEOPLE 667 SCRA 421 (2012)
AMBRE VS. PEOPLE 678 SCRA 552 (2012)
PEOPLE VS. BELOCURA 679 SCRA 318 (2012)
MARTINEZ VS. PEOPLE 690 SCRA 656 (2013)
(C) When things seized are within plain view of a searching party
ABENES VS. CA 515 SCRA 690 (2007)
ESQUILLO VS. PEOPLE 629 SCRA 370 (2010)
PEOPLE VS. MARTINEZ 637 SCRA 791 (2010)
Annotation: PLAIN VIEW DOCTRINE 609 SCRA 434 (2009)
(D) Stop and Frisk
POSADAS VS. COURT OF APPEALS, 188 SCRA 288
(1990)
PEOPLE VS. MENGOTE, 210 SCRA 14 (1992)
MANALILI VS. CA 280 SCRA 400 (1998)
ESQUILLO VS. PEOPLE 629 SCRA 370 (2010)
(E) Express Waiver
VEROY VS. LAYAGUE, 210 SCRA 92 (1992)
PEOPLE VS. NUEVAS 516 SCRA 463 (2007)
PP VS. DEQUINA 640 SCRA 111 (2011)
PEOPLE VS. UYBOCO 640 SCRA 146 (2011)
(F) Search of Warehouse in Violation of Customs and Tariff Code
or to enforce customs laws
BUREAU OF CUSTOMS VS. OGARIO 329 SCRA 289 (2000)
RIETA VS. PEOPLE 436 SCRA 237 (2004)
SALVADOR VS. PEOPLE 463 SCRA 489 (2005)
(G) Exigency
PEOPLE VS. DE GRACIA, 233 SCRA 716 (1994)
(H) Search and seizure by private persons
PEOPLE VS. MARTI, 193 SCRA 57 (1991)
WATEROUS DRUG CORP VS. NLRC 280 SCRA 735
PEOPLE VS. MENDOZA 301 SCRA 66 (1999)
PEOPLE VS. BONGCARAWAN 384 SCRA 525 (2002)
(I) Airport Security
Case: MARTINEZ VS. PEOPLE 690 SCRA 656 (2013)
SALES VS. PEOPLE 690 SCRA 141 (2013)
PEOPLE VS. CADIDIA 707 SCRA 494 (2013)
(J) Jail Safety
PEOPLE VS. CONDE 356 SCRA 525 (2002)

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3. Constitutionality of checkpoints and areal target zonings

VALMONTE VS. DE VILLA, 170 SCRA 256 (1989)
VALMONTE VS. DE VILLA, 185 SCRA 665 (1990)
PEOPLE VS. EXALA 221 SCRA 494 (1993)
GUANZON VS. DE VILLA, 181 SCRA 623 (1990)
ABENES VS. CA 515 SCRA 690 (2007)
4. Wire tapping
REP. ACT NO. 4200
GAANAN VS. IAC, 145 SCRA 112 (1986)
5. What may be seized
RULE 126, sec. 2
6. Remedies in Cases of Violation
A. Exclusionary rule
Art. III sec. 3(2)
STONEHILL VS. DIOKNO, 20 SCRA 383 (1967)
Waiver PASTRANO VS. CA 281 SCRA 254 (1997)
B. Civil Action for damages (Art. 32, NCC)
ABERCA VS. VER, 160 SCRA 590 (1988)
FORBES VS. CHUOCO TIACO, 16 PHIL. 534 (1910)
C. Criminal Cases Under Revised Penal Code
Articles 128, 129 and 130
7. Requirements for Issuance of Warrants of Arrest
Section 6, Rule 112 Revised Rules on Criminal Procedure
Compare with Section 4, Rule 126
CASES PEOPLE VS. MARTINEZ 637 SCRA 791 (2010)
LUZ VS. PEOPLE 667 SCRA 421 (2012)
PEOPLE VS. MARIANO 685 SCRA 592 (2012)
8. When arrest may be made without a warrant
Rule 113, Sec. 5
(a) Strict enforcement of rule
PEOPLE VS. UYBOCO 640 SCRA 146 (2011)
AMBRE VS. PEOPLE 678 SCRA 552 (2012)
PEOPLE VS. VILLAREAL 693 SCRA 532 (2013)
PEOPLE VS. COLLADO 698 SCRA 628 (2013)
ANNOTATION WARRANTLESS ARREST 283 SCRA 190
WARRANTLESS ARREST AND WARRANTLESS
SEARCH IN BUY BUST 607 SCRA 830 (2009)
(b) Exceptions to strict enforcement
(1) Illegal Possessions of guns or drugs
PEOPLE VS. PEAFLORIDA 551 SCRA 111 (2008)
PEOPLE VS. SEMBRANO 628 SCRA 328 (2010)
(c) Waiver of Illegality of Arrest
PEOPLE VS. RACHO 626 SCRA 633 (2010)
(d) Effects of Declaration of Illegal Arrest
PEOPLE VS. BIYOC 532 SCRA 528 (2007)
VALDEZ VS. PEOPLE 538 SCRA 611 (2007)
PEOPLE VS. SANTOS 555 SCRA 578 (2008)
9. Immunity from arrest of members of Congress
Art. VI, sec. 11, 1987 Constitution

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10. Privacy (Art. III, Section 2)

Case: OPLE VS. TORRES 293 SCRA 201 (1998)
IN RE: CAMILO SABIO 504 SCRA 704(2006)
SJS VS. DDB 570 SCRA 410 (2008)
LEE VS. CA 625 SCRA 66 (2010)
MANILA ELECTRIC VS. LIM 632 SCRA 195 (2010)
FERNANDO VS. ST. SCHO 693 SCRA 141 (2013)
IN RE: NORIEL RODRIGUEZ 696 SCRA 390 (2013)
HING VS. CHOACHUY 699 SCRA 667 (2013)
ANNOTATION Right to Privacy 293 SCRA 201
CONCEPT OF PRIVACY ZONES OF PRIVACY
11. Privacy of Communications
Art. III, Section 3, 1987 Constitution
CASE ZULUETA VS. CA 253 SCRA 699 (1996)
OPLE VS. TORRES 293 SCRA 141 (1998)
IN RE ALEJANO 468 SCRA 188 (2005)
KMU VS. DIRECTOR 487 SCRA 623 (2006)
IN RE SABIO 504 SCRA 214 (2006)
III.

FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
Art. III, sec. 4
Id., sec. 18(1)
A. Philosophic Basis of Guarantee
1. For the discovery of political truth
2. For self government
3. For individual perfection
B. Prior restraints/Subsequent Punishment
CASES - CHAVEZ VS. GONZALES 545 SCRA 441 (2008)
NEWSOUND BROADCASTING VS. DY 583 SCRA 333 (2009)
SORIANO VS. LAGUARDIA 587 SCRA 79 (2009)
615 SCRA 254 (2010)
ANG LADLAD VS. COMELEC 618 SCRA 32 (2010)
GARCIA VS. MANRIQUE 683 SCRA 491 (2012)
C. Content-based Restrictions
1. Some Tests of Validity of content-based restrictions
Dangerous tendency: When the legislative body has
determined generally that utterances of a certain kind involve
such danger of substantive evil that t hey may be punished, the
question whether any specific utterance coming
within the
prohibited class is likely, in and of itself, to bring about the
substantive evil is not open to
consideration. In such
cases the general provision of the statute may be
constitutionally applied to the specific utterance if its natural
and probable effect was to bring about the substantive evil that
the legislative body might prohibit. (Gitlow vs. New York, 268
U.S. 652 [1952])
Clear-and-present danger: The question in every case is
whether the words are used in such circumstances and are of
such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that
they will bring about the substantive evil that the state has a
right to prevent. (Schenck vs. United States, 249 U.S. 47
[1919])

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Balancing of interest: The court must undertake the delicate

and difficult task of weighing the circumstances and appraising
the substantiality of the reasons advanced in support of the
regulation of the free enjoyment of rights.
(American
Communication Assn vs. Doubs, 339 U.S. 383, cited in
Gonzales vs. COMELEC, 27 SCRA 835 (1969)
Direct incitement: The guarantees of free speech and free
press do not permit a state to forbid or prescribe the advocacy
of the use of force or of law violation except where such
advocacy is directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless
action and is likely to incite or produce
such action.
(Brandenburg vs. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969); cited in Salonga
vs. Cruz Pano, 134 SCRA 438 [1985])
Grave-but-improbable danger: Whether the gravity of the
evil, discounted by its improbability, justifies such an invasion
of speech as is necessary to avoid the danger. (Dennis vs.
United States, 341 U.S. 494 [1951])
2. Applications of tests in various contexts
a. Freedom of expression and national security
b. Freedom of expression and criticism of official conduct: The Test of
Actual Malice Read Rev. Penal Code, Arts., 353-354 and 361-362
Compare Act No. 2928, March 26, 1920 Com. Act No. 382, Sept. 6, 1938
CASES - SOLIVEN VS. MAKASIAR; BELTRAN VS. MAKASIAR,
167 SCRA 393 (1988)
BORJAL VS. CA 301 SCRA 1 (1999)
VASQUEZ VS. CA 314 SCRA 460 (2000)
TULFO VS. PEOPLE 565 SCRA 283 (2008)
ANNOTATION - 301 SCRA 34
c. Freedom of expression and the right of privacy
CASES - AYER PRODUCTIONS VS. CAPULONG, 160 SCRA
861 (1988)
PHILIPPINE JOURNALISTS, INC. VS. THEONEN
477 SCRA 482 (2005)
d. Freedom of expression and the administration of
justice (contempt of court)
CASES - IN RE PUBLISHED . . . 385 SCRA 285 (2002)
IN THE MATTER MACASAET 561 SCRA 395 (2008)
LEJANO VS. PEOPLE 638 SCRA 104 (2010)
RE: LETTER OF THE UP FACULTY 644 SCRA 543 (2011)
e. Symbolic Expression The Flag-burning case
CASE - TEXAS VS. JOHNSON, 491 U.S. 109 S. Ct.
2533 (1989)
Cf. Act No. 2928, March 26, 1920;
Com. Act No. 382, Sept. 5, 1938
Adm. Code of 1987, Bk. I, Ch. 4, secs. 12-13
f.

Assembly and Petition

CASE DELA CRUZ VS. CA 305 SCRA 303 (1999)

D. Content-neutral restrictions
OBrien Test: A government regulation is sufficiently justified if
it is within the constitutional power of the government; if it
furthers an important or substantial governmental interest; if
the governmental interest is unrelated to the suppression of
free expression; and if the incidental restriction on alleged
freedom of expression is no greater than is essential to the

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furtherance of that interest. (United States vs. OBrien, 391

U.S. 367 (1968), adopted, in Adiong vs. Comelec, 207 SCRA
712 [1992])
1. Regulation of political campaign/election activity
CASES OSMEA VS. COMELEC, 288 SCRA 447 (1998)
ABS-CBN VS. COMELEC, 323 SCRA 811 (2000)
SWS VS. COMELEC, 357 SCRA 497 (2001)
2. Freedom of Assembly
LAW - BP Blg. 880 (Public Assembly Act of 1985)
CASES BAYAN VS. ERMITA 488 SCRA 226 (2006)
SUPREME COURT CIRCULAR A.M. 98-7-02-SC
IBP VS. ATIENZA 613 SCRA 518 (2010)
3. Freedom of association and the right to strike
in the public sector
Art. III, sec. 8
Art. IX, sec. 2(5)
Art. XIII, sec. 3, par. 2
CASE - GSIS VS. KAPISANAN NG MGA MANGGAGAWA
510 SCRA 622 (2006)
GSIS VS. VILLARIZA 625 SCRA 669 (2010)
4. Movies Censorship
CASE - GONZALES VS. KALAW KATIGBAK, 137 SCRA 356 (1985)
IGLESIA NI CRISTO VS. CA 259 SCRA 529 (1996)
5. Radio broadcast
CASE - EASTERN BROADCASTING CORP. (DYRE) VS. DANS,
137 SCRA 647 (1985)
g. Freedom of Information
Art. III, sec. 7
CASES - NERI VS. SENATE 564 SCRA 152 (2008)
CPEG VS. COMELEC 631 SCRA 41 (2010)
RE: REQUEST FOR COPY OF 2008 SALN
672 SCRA 27 (2012)
ANNOTATION 299 SCRA 782
IV.

FREEDOM OF RELIGION
Art. III, sec. 5
A. Non-establishment Clause
The establishment clause prohibits (1) excessive governmental entanglement
with religious institutions and (2) government endorsement or disapproval of
religion.
CASE - RE: REQUEST OF MUSLIM 477 SCRA 648 (2005)
TARUC VS. DELA CRUZ 453 SCRA 123 (2005)
ESTRADA VS. ESCRITUR 408 SCRA 1 (2003)
492 SCRA 1 (2006)
SORIANO VS. LAGUARDIA 587 SCRA 79 (2009)
615 SCRA 254 (2010)
1. Operation of Sectarian Schools
Art. XIV, sec. 4(2)
2. Religious instructions in public schools
Art. XIV, sec. 3(3)
Rev. Adm. Code, sec. 928
Civil Code, Art. 359 (1)
3. Tax exemption
Art. VI, sec. 28(3)

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CASES - BISHOP OF NUEVA SEGOVIA VS. PROVINCIAL BOARD,

51 Phil. 352 (1927)
TOLENTINO VS. SECRETARY, 235 SCRA
632 (1994)
4. Public aid to religion
Art. VI, sec. 29 (2)
CASES - AGLIPAY VS. RUIZ, 64 Phil. 201 (1937)
IGNACIO VS. ELA, 99 Phil. 346 (1956)
(Concepcion, J., dissenting)
B. Free Exercise Clause
1. Flag salute
CASE - Ebralinag vs. Division Supt of Schools,
219 SCRA 256 (1993)
2. Freedom to propagate religious doctrines
CASES - AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY VS. CITY OF
MANILA, 101 Phil. 386 (1957)
CENTENO VS. VILLALON, 236 SCRA 197 (1994)
IGLESIA NI CRISTO VS. CA 259 SCRA 529 (1996)
3. Exemption from union shop
CASE - VICTORIANO VS. ELIZALDE ROPE WORKERS
UNION, 59 SCRA 54 (1974)
V.

LIBERTY OF ABODE AND OF TRAVEL

Art. III, sec. 6
CASES - SALONGA VS. HERMOSO, 97 SCRA 121 (1980)
MARCOS VS. MANGLAPUS, 177 SCRA 668 (1989) & 178
SCRA 760 (189)
SILVERIO VS. CA, 195 SCRA 760 (1991)
COJUANGCO VS. SANDIGANBAYAN 300 SCRA 367 (1998)
YAP JR VS. CA 358 SCRA 564 (2001)
MIRASOL VS. DPWH 490 SCRA 318 (2006)
REYES VS. CA 606 SCRA 580 (2009)
OFFICE OF ADMNISTRATIVE SERVICES VS. MACARINE
677 SCRA 1 (2012)

VI.

RIGHTS OF PERSONS UNDER CUSTODIAL INTERROGATION

LAW -Art. III, sec. 12
Rep. Act No. 7438
Source: MIRANDA VS. ARIZONA, 384 U.S. 436 (1966)
CASES HO WAI PANG vs. PEOPLE 659 SCRA 624 (2011)
LUZ VS. PEOPLE 667 SCRA 421 (2012)
PHILCOMSAT VS. SENATE 673 SCRA 611 (2012)
PEOPLE VS. LARA 678 SCRA 332 (2012)
PEOPLE VS. SORIANO 693 SCRA 214 (2013)
PEOPLE VS. IBAEZ 698 SCRA 161 (2013)
TANENGGEE VS. PEOPLE 699 SCRA 639 (2013)
Annotation EXTRAJUDICIAL CONFESSION 649 SCRA 649 (2011)
1. Miranda rule not applicable to confessions
executed before Jan. 17, 1973
CASES - PEOPLE VS. RIBADAJO, 142 SCRA 637 (1986)
FILOTEO VS. SANDIGANBAYAN 263 SCRA 222 (1996)
SANTOS VS. SANDIGANBAYAN 347 SCRA 386 (2000)
2. Not applicable to res gestae statements/spontaneous statements
CASE - PEOPLE VS. BALOLOY 381 SCRA 31 (2002)
JESALVA VS. PEOPLE 640 SCRA 253 (2011)

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3. Not applicable to statements given in

Administrative investigations
CASES - PEOPLE VS. TIN LAN UY 475 SCRA 248 (2005)
ASTUDILLO VS. PEOPLE 509 SCRA 509 (2006)
4. Custodial Phase of Investigation Police lineups
CASES - DELA TORRE VS. CA 294 SCRA 196 (1998)
PEOLPLE VS. PAVILLARE 329 SCRA 684 (2000)
5. Tests of validity of Waiver of Miranda rights
To be informed
CASES - PEOPLE VS. CASIMIRO 383 SCRA 390 (2002)
PEOPLE VS. SAYABOC 419 SCRA 659 (2004)
PEOPLE VS. BAGNATE 428 SCRA 633 (2004)
a. Pre-Galit rule (Jan. 17, 1973 to March 20, 1985)
b. The Galit rule (March 20, 1985 to February 2, 1987)
CASES - PEOPLE VS. GALIT, 135 SCRA 465 (1985)
DOES THE GALIT RULE HAVE RETROACTIVE
APPLICATION?
c. New rule on Waiver (Feb. 2, 1987)
Art. III, sec. 12(1); Waiver must be in
writing and made in the presence
of counsel of choice
CASES - SANTOS VS. SANDIGANBAYAN 347 SCRA 386 (2000)
PEOPLE VS. MENDOZA 365 SCRA 289 (2001)
PEOPLE VS. GONZALEZ 382 SCRA 714 (2002)
6. The burden of proving voluntariness of
waivers is on the prosecution
CASES - PEOPLE VS. ENAMORIA, 209 SCRA 577
PEOPLE VS. BACOR 306 SCRA 522 (1999)
7. What may be waived: The right to remain
silent and to counsel, but not the right
to be given Miranda warnings.
8. Exclusionary rule
Art. III, sec. 12 (3)
CASES - PEOPLE VS. ANDAN 269 SCRA 95 (1997)
MARCELO VS. SANDIGANBAYAN 302 SCRA 102 (1999)
PEOPLE VS. JANSON 400 SCRA 584 (2003)
VII. RIGHT TO BAIL
Art. III, sec. 13 Rule 114 Revised Rules on Criminal Procedure
1. When right may be invoked
CASES - PEOPLE VS. SANDIGANBAYAN 529 SCRA 764 (2007)
VALERO VS. CA 535 SCRA 453 (2007)
TRILLANES VS. PIMENTEL 556 SCRA 471 (2008)
QUI VS. PEOPLE 682 SCRA 94 (2012)
2. When bail is a matter of right, when it is a matter of discretion
See Sections 4 and 5, Rule 114, Rules on Criminal Procedure
GACAL VS. JUDGE INFANTE AM-RTJ-04-1845 Oct. 5, 2011
3. Bail in military courts
CASES - COMENDADOR VS. DE VILLA, 200 SCRA 80 (1991)
ASWAT VS. GALIDO, 204 SCRA 205 (1991)
4. Standards for fixing bail
Rule 114, sec. 10
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CASES - VILLASENOR VS. ABANO, 21 SCRA 312 (1967)

DE LA CAMARA VS. ENAGE, 41 SCRA 1 (1971)
YAP JR VS. CA 358 SCRA 564 (2001)
ENRILE VS. SANDIGANBAYAN G.R. NO. 213847 (2014)
5. Right to bail and right to travel abroad
CASES - MANOTOK VS. COURT OF APPEALS, 142 SCRA 149 (1986)
SANTIAGO VS. VASQUEZ, 217 SCRA 633
SILVERIO VS. COURT OF APPEALS, 195 SCRA 760
6. Waiver of the Right to Bail
CASES - PEOPLE VS. DONATO, 198 SCRA 130 (1991)
LARDIZABAL VS. REYES, 238 SCRA 640 (1994)
PEOPLE VS. MANES 303 SCRA 231 (1999)
7. READ: ANNOTATION ON BAIL 260 SCRA 161
RIGHT TO BAIL 647 SCRA 613 (2011)
VIII. RIGHTS DURING TRIAL
Art. III, sec. 14
1. Due Process in Criminal Cases
CASE ALONTE VS. SAVELLANO 287 SCRA 245 (1998)
PEOPLE VS. MACARANG 424 SCRA 18 (2005)
ANNOTATION DUE PROCESS 287 SCRA 314
DIMARUCUT VS. PEOPLE 630 SCRA 659 (2010) - Appeal
2. Presumption of innocence
CASES - BIRAOGO VS. PHIL TRUTH 637 SCRA 78 (2010)
LEJANO VS. PEOPLE 638 SCRA 104 (2010)
DEL CASTILLO VS. PEOPLE 664 SCRA 450 (2012)
PEOPLE VS. MARAORAO 674 SCRA 151 (2012)
ANNOTATION 569 SCRA 903
3. Right to be heard personally or by counsel
CASES - PEOPLE VS. SIONGCO 623 SCRA 501 (2010)
MILLA VS. PEOPLE 664 SCRA 309 (2012)
PEOPLE VS. LARA 678 SCRA 332 (2012)
4. Right to free legal assistance
Art. III, sec. 11
CASE - PEOPLE VS. RIO, 201 SCRA 702 (1991)
MARTINEZ VS. PEOPLE 332 SCRA 694 (2000)
5. Right to be informed of nature and cause of accusation
CASES - PEOPLE VS. GUEVARRA 570 SCRA 288 (2008)
PEOPLE VS. BARTOLINI 626 SCRA 527 (2010)
PATULA VS. PEOPLE 669 SCRA 135 (2012)
6. Right to speedy, impartial and public trial
(A) Speedy trial
CASES - JACOLO VS. SANDIGANBAYAN 635 SCRA 94 (2010)
MARI vs. PEOPLE 657 SCRA 414 (2011)
COCOFED VS. REPUBLIC 663 SCRA 514 (2012)
VILLAREAL VS. PEOPLE 664 SCRA 519 (2012)
(B) Public trial
CASE - GARCIA VS. DOMINGO, 52 SCRA 143 (1970)
(C) Impartial trial
CASES - RE: REQUEST RADIO-TV COVERAGE OF THE
ESTRADA PLUNDER CASE - JUNE 29, 2001
(360 SCRA 248) AND SEPTEMBER 13, 2001
(365 SCRA 62)

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(D) Right to an impartial tribunal and trial of civilians by military courts

CASES - OLAGUER VS. MC NO. 34, 150 SCRA 144 (1987)
CRUZ VS. PONCE ENRILE, 160 SCRA 702 (1988)
7. Right to confront witnesses
Case - HO WAI PANG vs. PEOPLE 659 SCRA 624 (2011)
8. Right to secure attendance of witnesses Sec. 10, Rule 21
9. Trial in absentia
Rule 115, sec. 1 (c)
CASES - GIMENEZ VS. NAZARENO 160 SCRA 1 (1988)
PARADA VS. VENERACION 269 SCRA 371 (1997)
BERNARDO VS. PEOPLE GR 166980 April 4, 2007
10. When presence of the accused is a DUTY
a. Arraignment and plea, whether of innocence or of guilt
Rule 116, sec. 1 (b)
b.

During trial, for identification

CASE- PEOPLE VS. SALAS, 143 SCRA 163 (1986)

c. Promulgation of sentence, unless it

is for a light offense, in which
case accused may appear by counsel,
or a representative (Rule 120, Sec. 6)
IX. PRIVILEGE AGAINST SELF-INCRIMINATION
Art. III, sec. 17
1. Scope --- Applies only to compulsory
testimonial self-incrimination
CASES - IN RE SABIO: 504 SCRA 704 (2006)
SJS VS. DDB 570 SCRA 410 (2008) drug-testing
PEOPLE VS. GAMIH 621 SCRA 159 (2010)
LUMANOG VS. PEOPLE 630 SCRA 42 (2010)
PEOPLE VS. SANDIGANBAYAN 699 SCRA 713 (2013)
2. In what proceedings available
CASES - PASCUAL VS. BOARD OF MEDICAL EXAMINERS,
28 SCRA 344 (1969)
GALMAN VS. PAMARAN, 138 SCRA 274 (1985)
Compare PEOPLE VS. AYSON, 175 SCRA
216 (1989)
Legislative Inquiry IN RE SABIO, 504 SCRA 704 (2006)
3. Use Immunity vs. Transactional Immunity
a. Transactional Immunity
Art. XIII, sec. 18(8)
Rep. Act No. 1379, sec. 8
Rep. Act No. 6832, sec. 8 (Davide Commission)
b. Use and Fruit Immunity
CASE - GALMAN VS. PAMARAN, 138 SCRA 274 (185)
P.D. No. 1886
Note Executive Order No. 1 The Truth Commission
4.

Exclusionary rule
Art. III, sec. 12 (3)

5. Effect of denial of privileges by court

CASE - CHAVEZ VS. COURT OF APPEALS, 24 SCRA

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663 (1968)
X. RIGHT TO SPEEDY DISPOSITION OF CASES
Art. III, sec. 16
Art. VIII, sec. 15
Art. VII, sec. 18, par.3
Art. IX, A, sec. 7
CASES - COCOFED VS. REPUBLIC 663 SCRA 514 (2012)
GARCIA VS. EXECUTIVE SECRETARY 677 SCRA 750 (2012)
MAGDADARO VS. SANIEL 687 SCRA 401 (2012)
DACUDAO VS. GONZALES 688 SCRA 109 (2013)
BRAZA VS. SANDIGANBAYAN 691 SCRA 471 (2013)
IN RE: JUDGE CARBONELL 700 SCRA 806 (2013)
COSCUELLA VS. SANDIGANBAYAN 701 SCRA 188 (2013)
ANNOTATION 307 SCRA 116
682 SCRA 724
XI. SUBSTANTIVE RIGHTS UNDER THE DUE PROCESS CLAUSE
A. What acts cannot be criminalized
1. Mere beliefs and aspirations
Art. III, sec. 18(1)
2. Debts and civil obligations
Art. III, sec. 20
CASES - LOZANO VS. MARTINEZ, 146 SCRA 323 (1986)
AGBANLOG VS. PEOPLE, 220 SCRA 530 (1993)
PEOPLE VS. NITAFAN, 202 SCRA 726 (1992)
VERGARA VS. GEDORIO, JR. 402 SCRA 520 (2003)
3. Acts which when done were innocent (Ex Post Facto Laws)
Art. III, sec. 22
CASES - KAY VILLEGAS KAMI, 35 SCRA 429 (1970)
SALVADOR VS. MAPA 539 SCRA 37 (2007)
PEOPLE VS. CASTA 565 SCRA 341 (2008)
NASI-VILLAR VS. PEOPLE 571 SCRA 202 (2008)
Bills of attainder Legislative adjudications of guilt
CASE PEOPLE VS. FERRER, 48 SCRA 382 (1972)
REPUBLIC VS. RMDC 426 SCRA 517 (2004)
BOCEA VS. TEVES 661 SCRA 589 (2011)
B. What punishments cannot be imposed
1. Involuntary servitude
Art. III, sec. 18(2)
Case SARMIENTO VS. TUICO 162 SCRA 676 (1988)
2. Excessive fines
Art. III, sec. 19(1)
CASES - PEOPLE VS. DELA CRUZ, 92 Phil. 906 (1953)
PEOPLE VS. DACUYCUY, 173 SCRA 901 (1989)
AGBANLOG VS. PEOPLE, 220 SCRA 530 (1993)
3. Cruel, degrading and inhuman punishments
Art. III, sec. 19(1)
Id., sec. 12(2)
CASES - PEOPLE VS. ECHEGARAY 267 SCRA 682 (1997)
PEOPLE VS. TONGKO 290 SCRA 595 (1998)
ECHEGARAY VS. SECRETARY 297 SCRA 754 (1998)
LIM VS. PEOPLE 390 SCRA 194 (2002)
PEREZ VS. PEOPLE 544 SCRA 532 (2008)
ANNOTATION DEATH PENALTY - 297 SCRA 822

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4. Indefinite Imprisonment
CASE - PEOPLE VS. DACUYCUY, 173 SCRA 90 (1989)
C. The protection against double jeopardy
Art. III, sec. 21
1. Two situations contemplated
CASES - PEOPLE VS. RELOVA, 148 SCRA 292 (1987)
PEOPLE VS. CITY COURT, 154 SCRA 195 (1987)
2. Rules of Court Provisions
Rule 117, sec. 7
CASES - MELO VS. PEOPLE, 85 Phil. 776 (1950)
PEOPLE VS. CITY COURT, 121 SCRA 637 (1983)
PEOPLE VS. YORAC, 42 SCRA 230 (1971)
OTHER CASES :
JACOLO VS. SANDIGANBAYAN 635 SCRA 94 (2010)
IVLER VS. MODESTO-SAN PEDRO 635 SCRA 191 (2010)
FLORES VS. MONTEMAYOR 651 SCRA 396 (2011)
PEOPLE VS. CA 660 SCRA 323 (2011)
YSIDORO VS. LEONARDO-DE CASTRO 665 SCRA 89 (2012)
BAUTISTA VS. CUNETA-PANGILINAN 684 SCRA 521 (2012)
BRAZA VS. SANDIGANBAYAN 691 SCRA 471 (2013)
D. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus
Art. III, sec. 15
1. Functions of the writ
CASES - VILLAVICENCIO VS. LUKBAN, 39 Phil. 778 (1919)
IN RE GONZALES 526 SCRA 483 (2007)
VELUZ VS. VILLANUEVA 543 SCRA 63 (2008)
FLETCHER VS. DIRECTOR OF BUREAU 593 SCRA 265 (2009)
AMPATUAN VS. MACARAIG 622 SCRA 266 (2010)
ADONIS VS. TESORO 697 SCRA 337 (2013)
MANGILA VS. PANGILINAN 701 SCRA 355 (2013)
2. The writ of habeas corpus as a post conviction remedy
CASES - LAMEN VS. DIRECTOR, 241 SCRA 573 (1995)
3. Suspension of the privilege
Art. VII, sec. 18
CASE - LANSANG VS. GARCIA, 42 SCRA 488 (1971)
E. Affirmative rights
1. Free access to the courts
Art. III, sec. 11
Case MARTINEZ VS. PEOPLE 332 SCRA 694 (2000)
2. Protection and enforcement of constitutional rights
Art. III, sec. 12(4)
Art. VIII, sec. 5(5)
Art. XIII, sec. 18(3)
WRIT OF AMPARO - AM No. 07-9-12-SC of September
25, 2007 as amended on October 16, 2007)
Cases TAPUZ VS. DEL ROSARIO 554 SCRA 768 (2008)
CANLAS VS. NAPICO 554 SCRA 209 (2008)
SEC OF DEFENSE VS. MANALO 568 SCRA 1 (2008)
REYES VS. CA 606 SCRA 580 (2009)
SO VS. TACLA 633 SCRA 563 (2010)
MANILA ELECTRIC VS. LIM 632 SCRA 195 (2010)
LOZADA VS. ARROYO 670 SCRA 545 (2012)
NAVIA VS. PANDICO 673 SCRA 618 (2012)

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SAEZ VS. ARROYO 681 SCRA 678 (2012)

LADAGA VS. MAPAGU 685 SCRA 322 (2012)
DELIMA VS. GATDULA 691 SCRA 226 (2013)
PADOR VS. ARCAYAN 693 SCRA 192 (2013)
IN RE: NORIEL RODRIGUEZ 696 SCRA 390 (2013)
Annotation: WRIT OF AMPARO 605 SCRA 642 (2009)
WRIT OF HABEAS DATA AM No. 08-1-16-SC of
22 January 2008)
Cases GAMBOA VS. CHAN 677 SCRA 385 (2012)
SAEZ VS. ARROYO 681 SCRA 678 (2012)
IN RE: NORIEL RODRIGUEZ 696 SCRA 390 (2013)
3. Compensation to, and rehabilitation of victims of tortures
Art. III, sec. 12(4)
Consti 2 Syllabus
Atty. Montejo

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