#1 Nose = external nares

#2 Nasa conchae = superior, middle, and inferior turninates.

#3 Pharynx = nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx
#4 Glottis = true vocal cords and the space between them which is called the
rima glottidis
#5 Larynx (voicebox) = connects the pharynx with the trachea
Larynx contains the epiglottis (depressed during swallowing) and the
following cartilages:
a) Thyroid Cartilage (Adam's apple)
b) Cricoid Cartilage (Trachea/Larynx)
#6 Trachea (windpipe) = has "C" shaped rings of hyaline cartilage, smooth
muscle and is lined with CPCE. The trachea extends from the larynx to the
primary bronchi
#7 Primary bronchi -- walls of bronchi contain cartilage.
#8 Secondary bronchi -- walls of bronchi contain cartilage.
#9 Tertiary bronchi -- walls of bronchi contain cartilage.
#10 Bronchioles = NO cartilage. Walls contain smooth muscle.
#11 Terminal bronchioles = same as bronchioles only smaller. (branch of
bronchiole)
#12 Respiratory bronchioles = branch of terminal bronchiole. Lined with
simple cuboidal epithelium. NONCILIATED, so debris particles at this level of
the respiratory system are removed by macrophages.
#13 Alveolar Ducts = subdivision of respiratory bronchiole that terminates in
alveolar sacs. Lined with simple squamous epithelial cells (SSEC)
#14 Alceolar sacs = resemble clusters of grapes
#15 Alveoli = tiny, balloon-like expansions along alveolar sacs. Lined with
SSEC

INHALATION
1.Contraction of diaphragm and external intercostals
2. Increases volume of thoracic cavity
3. Pip decreases (becomes more subatmospheric)
4. PTP increases (pressure difference pushing outward
on lung wall) and is greater than lung elastic recoil
5. Alveolar volume increases
Lung wall follows the chest wall outward
6. Palv decreases. Now Patm > Palv
7. Air flows into alveoli
8. Palv increases until it is again = Patm
EXHALATION
1. Inspiratory muscles relax (expiration is passive)
2. Chest wall moves inward and diaphragm moves
upward
3. Pip increases (becomes less subatmospheric)
4. PTP decreases
5. Elastic recoil > PTP
6. Lung wall recoils inward -> alveolar volume decreases
7. Palv increases: Palv > Patm
8. Air flows out of lungs
9. Eventually Palv = Patm again and lung volume is at
resting stable conditions.