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Technical communication
article info
abstract
Article history:
The hydrolysis of lithium hydride (LiH) is a promising technique for the supply of
hydrogen. LiH can be stored in sealed tanks or cartridges of w6% mass effective hydrogen
capacity. However, the lack of an efficient recycling method for the byproduct lithium
6 November 2009
hydroxide (LiOH) has been a limitation to its use. Here, we propose and demonstrate
a recycling process based on the hot melt electrolysis of a LiOHLiCl eutectic mixture at 380
C. The electrolysis activation potential was measured at 3.08 V. Lithium production was
observed around the cathode using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and cyclic
Keywords:
voltametry. Current efficiency was estimated 37.9%, and the absence of LiCl decomposition
Hydrogen
was confirmed.
Chemical storage
2009 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Electrochemistry
Molten salt
Lithium
1.
Introduction
* Corresponding author
E-mail addresses: thomaslaude@uminokai.net, thomas.laude@airliquide.com (T. Laude).
0360-3199/$ see front matter 2009 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.11.028
2.
Using the LiHLiOH cycle as a hydrogen
source
For safe distribution and storage, LiH powder can be packaged
in sealed tanks or cartridges, protected from fire. Fine
powdered LiH supplied with liquid water under air can release
hydrogen with spontaneous ignition. In a dry environment,
LiH combustion is possible, with the release of caustic fumes,
although this requires a continual ignition source [9]. Lithium
compounds constitute a minor environmental issue, as they
progressively degrade to lithium carbonate on CO2 absorption
(carbonate can be recycled). Packaging in an oil slurry has also
been proposed [4], but this hinders both hydrolysis and recycling, besides reducing storage capacity.
The LiHLiOH cycle proposed here comprises three primary
reactions:
Hydrolysis, LiH H2O / LiOH H2
(1)
(2)
Hydrogenation, Li 1/2H2/LiH
(3)
Fig. 1 Example of a LiH hydrolyzer design. Hydrogen is recirculated to carry the water vapor from the humidifier
(a hydrophobic membrane for instance). Internal hydrogen
pressure is limited by the pre-reactor regulator.
3.1.
Experimental details
0.5
3.2.
3.
0
- 0.5
-1
Li melting
- 1.5
-2
100
120
140
160
180
200
Temperature (C)
Fig. 3 DSC measurement of the material surrounding
cathode. Lithium metal is identified by its melting point
signature at 184 1 8C.
H2O
LiOH-LiCl
2
1
Cathode reaction
Anode
reaction
-1
-2
-3
-1.5
1.5
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
4.
Conclusions
[13]
[14]
[15]
Acknowledgments
The electrolytic experiment was done at Tohoku University by
Takehisa Kobayashi, with technical support from Masayoshi
Hoshi.
[16]
[17]
[18]
references
[19]
[1] Satyapal S, Petrovic J, Read C, Thomas G, Ordaz G. The US
department of energys national hydrogen storage project: