Skyrocketing Drug Sales & Use

The U.S. consumes 85% of the international production of methylphenidate

(Ritalin) but in 2002, the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly found high
rates of methylphenidate consumption in Belgium, Germany, Iceland, Luxemburg, the
Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Statistics show the increased 151% for 7 to 12 year olds and 580% for
extreme escalation rate in drug use: children under 6. Children as young as 5 years
old committed suicide while taking prescription
SSRI antidepressants. In Britain, the number of
prescriptions for antidepressants has also more
France:
Between than doubled in 10 years.31
1989 and In 2003, the British medicines regulatory body
U.K.: 2002, an
24,900% increase of warned doctors not to prescribe SSRI antidepres-
increase in 600% was sants to under 18 year olds, citing suicide risks.
stimulant drug reported in
prescription the number On March 22, 2004, the U.S. Food and Drug
for children of children Administration (FDA) issued an advisory to doc-
between 1992 labeled
and 2003 hyperactive tors, stating: Anxiety, agitation, panic attacks,
insomnia, irritability, hostility, impulsivity,
1992 2003 1989 2002
akathisia (severe restlessness), hypomania, and
mania, have been reported in adult and pediatric
U.S.: patients being treated with [SSRI] antidepres-
Between 1995 and santsboth psychiatric and non-psychiatric. 32
1999, antidepressant
use increased 151% After hearings held in September 2004 the
for 7 to 12 year olds FDA ordered in October that a prominent black
and a staggering
Mexico: 580% for children 6 box warning about potential suicide risk be
Sales of and under
methylpheni- placed on SSRI bottles. British, Japanese, Cana-
date in Mexico dian and European regulatory agencies have also
increased 800%
between 1993 warned of antidepressants causing suicide.
7-12 6 and
and 2001
years under Robert Whitaker, science writer and author of
old Mad in America, says, What we have after years
of soaring use of psychotropic drugs is a crisis
1993 2001 1995 1999 in mental health, an epidemic of mental illness
among children. Instead of seeing better men-
Colon Trouble Diagnosed as ADHD tal health with ever more medicating, we see a
worsening of mental health.33
Austin Harris was
One of the very hard things for me to deal
hailed as the poster
with, Lawrence Smith says, is the fact that
child for Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Matthew never wanted his medication. How
Disorder. He was the many more 14-year-old Matthew Smiths will
child no one wanted have to die before someone puts a stop to this
to be around and was biggest health care fraud ever?
kicked out of eleven It was a psychiatrist who prescribed
preschools in three Matthews lethal drugs, not health care.
years for doing every- However, by accepting psychiatrys system of
thing from shouting diagnosis and treatment, general medicine itself
obscenities and hitting may face risk and controversy as the failures of
other children, to poking a teacher in the eye with a pencil. He that system become more obvious.
was prescribed stimulants. There is yet another significant professional
But something unexpected happened after Austin went to the risk. By acceding to, or even merging with,
hospital to have a blockage removed from his colon. The child no psychiatric thinking, general medical practice
one wanted to be around was no longer terrorizing his teachers and other medical specialties could be associated
and classmates. Instead Austin, who is now 10, was able to sit in the publics mind with not only the mental
quietly and was a joy to be around. He gave up the medication. health industrys poor reputation, but also much
According to leading pediatric gastroenterologists, the of psychiatrys unsavory history. It is a history
connection between behavior and chronic constipation in children worth examining.
is not uncommon. The bad behaviors disappear as soon as the
impaction is removed, said Dr. Paul Hyman, chief of pediatric
gastroenterology at the University of Kansas Medical Center in
Kansas City. Hyman said that the negative behavior can be caused
by fear and pain the child may not even be aware of.34
A TRAGIC HISTORY
Early Brutal Methods
Since its earliest days, psychiatrys
methods have been brutally invasive,
using different applications of force to
physically and mentally overwhelm
already disturbed individuals. As far
back as the 1700s, those in charge of
asylums insisted that their practices
were the only workable methods.
However, these methods never cured,
they merely restrained and subdued.
1) Historically, psychiatric treatment
has included flogging, chaining patients
to the wall or restraining them in a wall
camisole or straitjacket (right). 1 cases of insanity are commonly very curable.44
2 World War I was raging when Kraepelin
3) The ovary compressor used to subdue
hysterical women (right) or 4) locking people up
in various devices like this cage-like bed (below)
also resulted in the person being cowed and tamed.
4 After 100 years, and in spite of its confi-
2) Other methods included
surprising patients with a sudden
drop into cold water, detaining
them there for some time while
pouring water frequently on the
head to produce fear and a
refrigerant effect (left).
3 tion, and cure. Ground had been taken already,
from the face of the earth one of the most
devastating of pestilences. In other words,
psychiatrys pioneers believed they could
eradicate insanity.42
Reil was the first to label the psychic method
of treatment as part of medical and surgical meth-
ods. However, his psychic treatments meant
massage, whipping, flogging and opium. John G.
Howells, M.D., in World History of Psychiatry, says
that Reils recommendation of these methods of
cure for mental disease made a significant con-
tribution towards the establishing of psychiatry
as a medical specialty.43 In the 1840s, Dr. Thomas
S. Kirkbrade, superintendent of the Pennsylvania
Hospital for the Insane announced that recent
Such cures included the so-called
Darwin chair in which the insane were
rotated until blood oozed from their mouths, ears
and noses. Castration and starvation cures were
also employed.45
In 1918, psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin defined
a psychiatrist as An absolute ruler who, guided
by our knowledge of today, would be able
to intervene ruthlessly in the living condi-
tions of people and would certainly within a
few decades achieve a corresponding decrease
of insanity.46
established a psychiatric research center in
Germany for the purpose of determining the
nature of mental diseases and of discovering
techniques for effecting their prevention, allevia-
he said, that will enable us to win a victory over
the direst afflictions that can beset man.47
Nearly a century later, American scientist
Shepherd Ivory Franz wrote, We have no facts
which at present enable us to locate the mental
processes in the brain any better than they were
located 50 years ago.48
dent boasts, psychiatry had come no closer to
 understanding or cur- Today, through heavy of mental disorders,
ing insanity or any marketing of its diagnoses and making patients less of
mental problem. a problem for those
The 1930s and drugs, psychiatry no longer fights responsible for their care.
1940s saw a shift to to emulate and gain acceptance Simultaneously, psychia-
wards physical treat- try introduced a system
ments. Elliot S. Valen-
from medicine; it has become an for mental disorder diag-
stein, Ph.D. observed, integral part of it. nosis. Professor Shorter
Physical treatments called this era the sec-
also helped psychia- ond biological psychia-
trists gain respec- try. It held that genetics
tability within the and brain development
field of medicine and were causes of mental ill-
enabled them to com- ness and that psychoac-
pete more successfully tive drugs and infor-
with neurologists, who mal psy chotherapy
often treated patients were its remedies.
with so-called nervous During the next
disorders.49 30 years, psychoactive
In the decade drugs rapidly became
between 1928 and the mainstay of psychi-
1938, psychiatry intro- atric therapy, and the
duced such horrors as psychiatric industry
Metrazol shock, insu- fully armed with its
lin shock, electroshock own drugs and diag-
and psychosurgery. Despite these breakthroughs, nostic system was ready to expand. In 1989, an
however, most other physicians continued to American Psychiatric Association (APA)
hold psychiatrists in particularly low esteem.50 Campaign Kit told APA members, An increase
In the 1950s and 1960s, psychotropic drugs of psychiatrys profile among non-psychiatric
were designed to alleviate some of the symptoms physicians can do nothing but good. And for

The latest psychiatric

drugs are marketed as
a panacea for all sorts
of mental disorders
for young and old,
although they have
been linked to the
development of
akathisia, seizures,
sexual dysfunction,
stuttering, tics, hearing
loss, manic episodes,
paranoid reactions,
and intense suicidal
ideation, according to
the Annals of
Pharmacology.
those who are bottom-
line oriented, the efforts
you spend on building
this profile have the BUILDING THE BUSINESS
potential to yield divi- In 1998, psychiatry penetrated the
dends through increased physicians domain with the release of the
referrals.51 World Health Organizations Guide
In the 1990s, psychi- to Mental Health in Primary Care kit,
atrists made a concert- designed to facilitate and promote a
ed effortprimarily
medical doctors use of psychiatric
through the Collegium
behavioral checklists for diagnosing
Internationale Neuro-
psychopharmacologi- mental disorders. Psychiatrys lack
cum (CINP), the of scientific merit was compensated
Natio nal Institute of for by invasive and hard sell marketing.
Mental Health (NIMH),
and the World Psy-
chia tric Association
(WPA)to garner sup-
port from physicians.
The World Health
Organization (WHO)
produced a Mental
Disorders in Primary
Care kit that was dis-
tributed internation-
ally, to make it easier
for primary care physi-
cians to diagnose men-
tal illness.52
Based on the DSM- The pre-packaged
IV and ICD-10, the kit list of symptoms enables
was primarily designed diagnosis by checklist, with a
to increase business for pre-determined treatment
the mental health system. plan and referral of patients
What psychiatry lacked in to psychiatrists.
science was compensated
for with marketing.
That marketing in-
cludes an unholy alliance
with the pharmaceutical
industry. Pat Bracken and Phil Thomas, consultant With the selling of mental illness to pri-
psychiatrists and senior research fellows with the mary care physicians well in hand, the selling
University of Bradford in the United Kingdom, of psychiatric drugs followed. Harvard psychia-
state, Psychiatry is a major growth area for trist, Joseph Glenmullen writes, As they gain
the pharmaceutical industry. By influencing the momentum, use of the drugs spread beyond the
way in which psychiatrists frame mental health confines of psychiatry and they are prescribed by
problems, the industry has developed new (and general practitioners for everyday maladies.55
lucrative) markets for its products.53 Today, through heavy marketing of its
Says Carl Elliott, a bioethicist at the University diagnoses and drugs, psychiatry no longer
of Minnesota, The way to sell drugs is to sell fights to emulate and gain acceptance from
psychiatric illness.54 medicine; it has become an integral part of it.
CHAPTER THREE
A Parody of
Medicine and Science

W
hile the appearance of of Psychological Medicine, the final result, the
Virchows Cellular Pathology DSM-III, was a revolution by committee.57
as Based upon Physiological Politically voted in was a system of
and Pathological Histology in classification that was drastically different from,
1858 firmly established medi- and foreign to, anything medicine had seen
cines scientific credentials, psychiatry was still before. Most notably, the new DSM was devot-
fumbling around with brutal treatments and the ed to the diagnosis or categorization of symp-
lack of any systematic approach to mental health toms only, not disease. None of the diagnoses
until the 1950s. The absence of an equivalent were supported by objective scientific evidence.
system of diagnosis for mental problems Psychiatrist David Kaiser states, Symptoms
contributed greatly to by definition are the
psychiatrys poor rep- surface presentation
utation, both among The bitter medicine of a deeper process.
medical professionals This is self-evident.
and the population
is that DSM has unsuccessfully However, there has
as a whole. attempted to medicalize been a vast and large-
The development too many human troubles. 60 ly unacknowledged
of the sixth edition of effort on the part of
WHOs International Professors Herb Kutchins and modern (i.e., biologic)
Classification of Stuart A. Kirk, Making Us Crazy psychiatry to equate
Diseases (ICD) in symptoms with men-
1948, which incor- tal illness. He says he
porated psychiatric disorders for the first time, would be a poor psychiatrist if the only tool
and the publication of Diagnostic and Statistical he had for treatment was a prescription pad for
Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in the United medications which may lessen symptoms, but
States in 1952, were the first attempts to create a which do not treat mental illness per se. He is
semblance of systematic diagnosis. left, still sitting across from a suffering patient
Later, with criticism running high due to who wants to talk about his unhappiness.58
ambiguities and inaccuracies in DSM-II, psy- In their book Making Us Crazy, Professors
chiatry sought to create a new and improved Herb Kutchins and Stuart A. Kirk state that the
diagnostic system, one that would provide an transformation of psychiatrys diagnostic manual
international foundation of agreement for the is a story of the struggles of the American
entire profession. Psychiatric Association to gain respectability
According to David Healy, psychiatrist within medicine and maintain dominance among
and director of the North Wales Department the many mental health professionals.59

CHAPTER THREE
A Parody of Medicine and Science
17
Selling Psychiatric Illness
From the first Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM) which
named 112 mental disorders,
to the latest edition that now
includes 374 such disorders,
the criteria used for psychiatric
diagnoses are a parody of
science-based illnesses. Used by
psychiatrists to bilk hospitals,
governments and insurance,
they give medicine a bad name.
The billable list includes:
Conduct Disorder
DSM Page 85
Mathematics Disorder
DSM Page 50
Caffeine-Related Disorder
DSM Page 212
Expressive Language Disorder
DSM Page 55
Disorder of Written Expression
DSM Page 51
Psychiatrist Stefan Kruszewski from the
Pennsylvania Medical Society, We can manu-
facture enough diagnostic labels of normal
variability of mood and thought that we can
continually supply medication to you... But
when it comes to manufacturing disease,
nobody does it like psychiatry.
New York Psychiatrist Ron Leifer says
that the way in which psychiatrists diagnose
is arrogant fraud and to claim that DSM
is a scientific statement is damaging to the
culture.
Psychiatrist Matthew Dumont adds that
psychiatrists say: ...while this manual pro-
vides a classification of mental disorder...
no definition adequately specifies precise
boundaries for the concept... [American
Psychiatric Association (APA) 1987]...They
go on to say: "there is no assumption that
each mental disorder is a discrete entity with
sharp boundaries between it and other men-
tal disorders or between it and no mental
disorder. [APA, 1987].61
Shorter puts it this way: What is the cause
of something like erotomania, the delusional
belief that someone else is in love with you?
Nobody knows. These considerations sug-
gest that in classification it is very easy for
psychiatry to lose its way.62
The Myths of Biopsychiatry
Soliciting government research funds
through testimony before a U.S. House of
Representatives Committee, Steven Miran,
Medical Director of the APA, stated that,
Scientific research over the last two decades
has shown that severe mental illness and addic-
tive disorders are diseases of the brain with a
strong genetic and biological basis.63
In contrast, Dr. Healy reports, There are
increasing concerns among the clinical com-
munity that not only do neuroscientific devel-
opments not reveal anything about the nature
of psychiatric disorders but in fact they distract
from clinical research. the Canadian Mental
There has been Health Association,
astonishing progress saying that theres
in the neurosciences nothing wrong with
but little or no prog- Psychiatrists the primary care
ress in understanding techniques are no physician being the
depression.64 more scientific today likely first port of
Harvards Glen- than 200 years ago call, provided the
mullen says that when they used physician is working
despite absence of any bumps on the with a psychiatrist.
verifiable diseases, skull to decide a The mental health
psychopharmacology persons character. problems to which the
has not hesitated article refers are those
to construct disease outlined in the DSM.
models for psychiatric diagnoses. These mod- This contrived system of diagnosis and the inevitable
els are hypothetical suggestions of what might assignment of a psychoactive drug prescription
be the underlying physiologyfor example, a is the singular expertise that psychiatry
serotonin imbalance.65 has to offer.
Non-psychiatric medical acceptance
Pushing the Psychiatric Envelope of psychiatric thinking and practice may
In June 2000, the Toronto Globe and Mail come at a steep price. Say J. Allan Hobson
ran an article headlined, The Gap Is Closing and Jonathan A. Leonard, authors of Out
Between Psychiatry and Family Medicine,: of Its Mind, Psychiatry in Crisis, A Call for
Psychiatrists are wary of the unfamiliarity Reform, DSM-IVs authoritative status
family doctors often show with mental health and detailed nature tends to promote the
problems. The article quoted Glenn Thompson, idea that rote diagnosis and pill-pushing are
the executive director of the Ontario division of acceptable.66

A BOOMING GROWTH INDUSTRY

Perhaps psychiatrys most lucrative
achievement is their Diagnostic Number of DSM DSM Sales for the
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders APA* (in millions)
Mental Disorders (DSM),
published by the American 374
Psychiatric Association (APA). Predicted
By inventing more and more mental 253 $80
illnesses for inclusion in the DSM and 224
initiating expansion campaigns
$40
to increase market penetration, 163
psychiatry has garnered millions
112 $22
in book sales alone and far more in
government appropriations with
no commensurate benefit to society. 1952 1968 1980 1987 1994 DSM
1993
DSM IV
1994
DSM V
2010

*APA: American Psychiatric Association, publisher of the Diagnostic and Statistical

Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).

CHAPTER THREE
A Parody of Medicine and Science
19
 PSYCHIATRIC FRAUD
Diagnosis By Design
By Professor Thomas Szasz
disorders and that such disorders are, therefore,
Dr. Thomas Szasz is a profes-
medical diseases. Thus, pathological gambling enjoys
sor of psychiatry emeritus at the the same status as myocardial infarction (blood clot
State University of New York in heart artery). In effect, the APA maintains that
Health Science Center and betting is something the patient cannot control;
author of more than 30 books. and that, generally, all
psychiatric symptoms
or disorders are out-

U
sing a poll side the patients con-
surveying the trol. I reject that claim as
nations health, patently false.
Parade magazine con- The ostensible
cluded that depression is validity of the DSM is
the third most common reinforced by psychia-
disease. Yet when the trys claim that mental
respondents were asked, illnesses are brain dis-
What is your greatest easesa claim suppos-
personal health concern edly based on recent
for the future? they did discoveries in neurosci-
not even mention depres- ence, made possible by
sion. They were con- imaging techniques for
cerned about cancer and diagnosis and pharma-
heart disease. cological agents for treat-
Even though people ment. This is not true. There
have accepted the cat- are no objective diagnos-
egorization of depression tic tests to confirm or dis-
as a disease, they are not There is no blood or confirm the diagnosis of
afraid of getting depres- other biological test to ascertain the depression; the diagnosis
sion because they intui- presence or absence of a mental illness, can and must be made
tively recognize that it is as there is for most bodily diseases. If solely on the basis of the
a personal problem, not such a test were developed, then the patients appearance and
a disease. They are afraid condition would cease to be a mental behavior.
of getting cancer and There is no blood
illness and would be classified as
heart disease because or other biological test to
they know these are
a symptom of a bodily disease. ascertain the presence or
Dr. Thomas Szasz, M.D.
diseasestrue medi- Professor of psychiatry emeritus absence of a mental ill-
cal problemsnot just ness, as there is for most
names. bodily diseases. If such
Allen J. Frances, Professor of Psychiatry at Duke a test were developed, then the condition would
University Medical Center and Chair of the DSM-IV cease to be a mental illness and would be classified
Task Force, writes: DSM-IV is a manual of mental dis- as a symptom of a bodily disease.
orders, but it is by no means clear just what is a mental If schizophrenia, for example, turns out to have
disorder There could arguably not be a worse a biochemical cause and cure, schizophrenia would
term than mental disorder to describe the condi- no longer be one of the diseases for which a person
tions classified in DSM-IV. Why, then, does the APA would be involuntarily committed. In fact, it would
continue to use this term? then be treated by neurologists, and psychiatrists
The primary function and goal of the DSM then have no more to do with it than they do with
is to lend credibility to the claim that certain be- Glioblastoma [malignant tumor], Parkinsonism, and
haviors, or more correctly, misbehaviors, are mental other diseases of the brain.
BLAMING THE BRAIN
The Chemical Imbalance Fraud
The advent of the psychotropic drugs has also given rise to a
new biological language in psychiatry. The extent to which
this has come to be part of popular culture is in many
ways astonishing.This triumph, however, is not
without its ambiguities. It can reasonably be
asked whether biological language offers
more in the line of marketing copy than it
offers in terms of clinical meaning.67
Dr. David Healy,
The Anti-Depressant Era

T
he cornerstone of psychia-
trys disease model today,
is the concept that a brain-
based, chemical imbalance under-
lies mental disease. Researchers have
thoroughly discredited this theory.
Jonathon Leo, associate professor
of anatomy at Western
University of Health
Sciences says, "If a psychia- [T]here are no tests available
trist says you have a short-
age of a chemical, ask for a
for assessing the chemical
blood test and watch the status of a living persons brain.
psychiatrist's reaction. The Elliot S. Valenstein, Ph.D.
number of people who
believe that scientists have
proven that depressed people have low serotonin is a diagnosis of these psychi-
glorious testament to the power of marketing." atric diseases. Whereas
Elliot Valenstein, Ph.D. is unequivocal: [T]here if you have a heart attack,
are no tests available for assessing the chemical status you can find the lesion; if
of a living persons brain.68 A study published in PLoS you have diabetes, your
Medicine said neuroscientific research had failed to con- blood sugar is very high;
firm any chemical abnormality in the brain.69 if you have arthritis, it
A 2004 article on brain scans in the U.S. newspaper will show on the X-ray. In
The Mercury News, states, Many doctors warn about psychiatry, its just crystal-
using the SPECT (single photon emission computed Elliot S. Valenstein balling, fortune-telling;
tomography) brain imaging as a diagnostic tool, saying it its totally unscientific.
is unethicaland potentially dangerousfor doctors to Dr. Darshak Sanghavi, clinical fellow at Harvard
use SPECT to identify emotional, behavioral and psychiat- Medical School, wrote: "[D]espite pseudoscientific terms
ric problems in a patient. The $2,500 evaluation offers no like 'chemical imbalance,' nobody really knows what
useful or accurate information, they say.70 causes mental illness. There's no blood test or brain
Dr. Julian Whitaker, author of the respected Health scan for major depression. No geneticist can diagnose
& Healing newsletter says: When psychiatrists label a Schizophrenia.71
child or adult, theyre labeling people because of symp- According to Valenstein, The theories are held
toms. They do not have any pathological diagnosis; on to not only because there is nothing else to
they do not have any laboratory diagnosis; they can- take their place, but also because they are useful in
not show any differentiation that would back up the promoting drug treatment.72

CHAPTER THREE
A Parody of Medicine and Science
21
 The neuroleptics or antipsychotics pre-
scribed for the condition were first developed
by the French to numb the nervous system
during surgery. Psychiatrists learned very
early on that neuroleptics cause Parkinsonian
and encephalitis lethargica symptoms.77
Tardive dyskinesia (tardive late and
dyskinesia, impairment of voluntary move-
ment of the lips, tongue, jaw, fingers, toes,
and other body parts) appeared in 5% of
patients within one year of neuroleptic treat-
ment.78 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, a
potentially fatal toxic reaction where patients
break into fevers and become confused, agi-
tated, and extremely rigid, was also a known
outcome risk. An estimated 100,000 Americans
have died from it.79
To counter negative publicity, articles
placed in medical journals regularly exagger-
ated the benefits of the drugs and obscured
their risks. Whitaker says that what physicians
and the general public learned about new
drugs was tailored: This molding of opinion,
of course, played a critical role in the recasting
of neuroleptics as safe, antischizophrenic drugs
for the mentally ill.
However, independent research outcomes
were worrisome. In an eight-year-study, the
WHO found that severely mentally disturbed
patients in three economically disadvantaged
countries whose treatment plans did not
include a heavy reliance on drugsIndia,
Nigeria and Colombiadid dramatically bet-
ter than their counterparts in the United
States and four other developed countries.
Indeed, after five years, 64% of the patients
in the poor countries were asymptomatic
and functioning well. In contrast, only 18%
of the patients in the prosperous countries
were doing well.80 A second follow-up study
using the same diagnostic criteria reached
the same conclusion.81 Neuroleptics were
clearly implicated in the significantly inferior
western result.

While Nobel Prize winner John Nash is depicted in the

Hollywood film A Beautiful Mind as recovering from
schizophrenia using the latest psychiatric drugs, Nash refutes
this fiction. In fact, he had not taken psychiatric medications
for 24 years and recovered naturally from his disturbed state.
 The idea was that schizophrenia could often be
overcome with the help of meaningful relationships,
rather than with drugs, and that such treatment would
eventually lead to unquestionably healthier lives.
Dr. Loren Mosher, former chief of the U.S. National Institute
of Mental Healths Center for Studies of Schizophrenia

Not until 1985 did the APA issue a warning
letter to its members about the potentially lethal
effects of the drugs, and then only after several
highly publicized lawsuits that found psychiatrists
and their institutions negligent for failing to warn
patients of this risk, with damages in one case top-
ping $3 million.
New atypical [not usual] drugs for schizo-
phrenia were introduced in the 1990s, promising
fewer side effects.82 However, we know from
the numerous FDA and drug regulatory agency
warnings that they can cause life-threatening
diabetes which has been the subject of thou-
sands of suits. The manufacturer of Zyprexa, for
example, paid out $690 million (e550 million)
to 10,500 plaintiffs. Antipsychotics place the
elderly at increased risk of strokes and death and
have a "boxed warning" to emphasize the risk. 83
They also cause agitation, aggressive reaction,
akathisia, blood clots, and agranulocytosis, a
potentially fatal depletion of white blood cells,
in up to 2% of patients.84
In the film A Beautiful Mind, Nobel Prize win-
ner John Nash is depicted as relying on psychiatrys
latest breakthrough drugs to prevent a relapse of his
schizophrenia. This is Hollywood fiction, however,
as Nash himself disputes the films portrayal of him
taking newer medications at the time of his Nobel
Prize award. Nash had not taken any psychiatric drugs
for 24 years and had recovered naturally from his
disturbed state.
Although omitted from psychiatric history books,
it is vital to know that numerous compassionate and
workable medical programs for severely disturbed
individuals have not relied on heavy drugging.
Workable Treatments
The late Dr. Loren Mosher was the chief of the
U.S. National Institute of Mental Healths Center for
Studies of Schizophrenia, and later clinical professor
of psychiatry at the School of Medicine, University
of California, San Diego and director of Soteria
Associates in San Diego, California. He opened
Soteria House in the 1970s as a place where young
persons diagnosed as having schizophrenia lived
medication-free with a nonprofessional staff trained
to listen, to understand them and provide support,
safety and validation of their experience. The idea
was that schizophrenia could often be overcome
with the help of meaningful relationships, rather
than with drugs, and that such treatment would
eventually lead to unquestionably healthier lives,
he said.
Further The experiment worked better
than expected. At six weeks post-admission
both groups had improved significantly and
comparably despite Soteria clients having not
usually received antipsychotic drugs! At two
years post-admission, Soteria-treated subjects
were working at significantly higher occupational
levels, were significantly more often living
independently or with peers, and had fewer
readmissions. Interestingly, clients treated at
Soteria who received no neuroleptic medication
over the entire two years or were thought to be
destined to have the worst outcomes, actually did

CHAPTER FOUR
Harming the Vulnerable
25
 the best as compared
to hospital and
drug-treated control
subjects.
In the Institute
of Osservanza (Obser-
vance) in Imola, Italy, Dr.
Giorgio Antonucci treated
dozens of so-called violent
schizophrenic women,
most of whom had been
continuously strapped
to their beds (some up
to 20 years). Straitjackets
had been used, as well
as plastic masks to keep
patients from biting. Dr.
Antonucci began to release
the women from their
confinement, spending
many, many hours each Dr. Giorgio Antonucci (left and above
day talking with them and
penetrating their deli-
with patient) repeatedly dismantled
riums and anguish. In some of the most oppressive
every case, Dr. Antonucci concentration camp-like psychiatric
listened to stories of wards by ensuring that patients were
years of desperation and treated compassionately, with respect
institutional suffering. and without the use of drugs.
Under Dr. Antonuccis
leadership, all psychiatric
treatments were aban-
doned and some of the most oppressive psychiatric were stable and discharged from the hospital
Dr. Giorgio wards were dismantled. He ensured that patients after many had been taught how to read and write,
Antonucci, second were treated compassionately, with respect, and and how to work and care for themselves for
from the right, without the use of drugs. In fact, under his guidance, the first time in their lives. Dr. Antonuccis superior
and the patients he the ward transformed from the most violent in results also came at a much lower cost.
salvaged with the facility to its calmest. After a few months, Such programs constitute permanent
communication his dangerous patients were free, walking testimony to the existence of both genuine
and compassion. quietly in the asylum garden. Eventually they answers and hope for the seriously troubled.
 CHAPTER FIVE
Jeopardizing
Medical Ethics

B
eyond the many valid medical sex-related offenses over a 15-year period found
reasons for non-psychiatric physicians that psychiatry and child psychiatry featured in
to resist the mental health vision of significantly higher numbers than other branches.
psychiatrists, there is also the matter While psychiatrists accounted for only 6% of
of preserving their professional integrity physicians in the country, they comprised 28% of
and reputation. physicians disciplined for sex crimes.100
While medicine has nurtured an enviable A 1998 report on patient complaints issued
record of achievements and general popular by Swedens Social Board (medical board) found
acceptance, the public still links psychiatry to that psychiatrists were responsible for nearly
snake pits, straitjackets, and One Flew Over half of the mistreatments of patients reported.
the Cuckoos Nest. Some were so gross
Psychiatry has done involving violence and
little to enhance that sexual abuse that
perception with its Suicide, stress, divorce they were referred to
development of such psychologists and other prosecutors for further
brutal treatments as action.101
ECT, psychosurgery,
mental health professionals Between 10% and
the chemical strait- may actually be more screwed 25% of mental health
jacket caused by anti- up than the rest of us. practitioners admit to
psychotic drugs, and sexually abusing their
its long record of Psychology Today, 1997 patients. A U.S. nation-
treatment failures. al study of therapist-
In the area of fraud, client sex revealed that
psychiatry is considerably over-represented. therapists abuse more girls than boys. The female
The largest health care fraud suit in U.S. his- victims ages ranged from three to 17. For sexually
tory involved mental health, yet it is the small- abused boys, the ages ranged from seven to
est sector within the healthcare field.99 16 years old.102
According to a veteran California health- Meanwhile, psychiatrists work hard to
care fraud investigator, one of the simplest expand their referral business by influencing
ways to detect fraud is to review the drug pre- primary care medicine to use diagnostic check-
scription records of psychiatrists. lists based on the DSM. As ethical practitioners
are an essential part of a professions stand-
Sex Crimes ing, it behooves non-psychiatric physicians to
A review of U.S. medical board actions consider the likely reputational consequences for
against 761 physicians disciplined for medicine itself.

CHAPTER FIVE
Jeopardizing Medical Ethics
29
 CHAPTER SIX
A Better Future

I
n a survey of physicians in three European In a wish list for mental health reform, Mad
countries and in the United States, 72% said in America author Robert Whitaker stated, At
qualities that best describe a good physi- the top of this wish list, though, would be a
cian are compassion, caring, personable simple plea for honesty. Stop telling those
and good listening and communication diagnosed with schizophrenia that they suffer
skills. In this way, they felt they could help make from too much dopamine or serotonin activ-
their patients healthier and lead better lives. ity and that the drugs put these brain chemi-
When asked how to distinguish between a cals back into balance. That whole spiel is a
mental disorder and a physical illness, 65% said form of medical fraud, and it is impossible to
that physical exami- imagine any other
nations and clinical group of patientsill
diagnostic testing Yes, I believe a Hippocratic say, with cancer or car-
should first rule out Oath is relevantfor me in diovascular disease
physical problems. being deceived in this
Psychiatrists rarely
June of 1990 (when I took it)... way.
physically test and and every day of my life in this David B. Stein,
diagnose. A pre- profession in which I am honored Ph.D., clinical psy-
packaged checklist of chologist and associate
behaviors is consulted
to be a member. What is the professor of psycho-
and the diagnosis is essence of a Hippocratic Oath? logy says, Physicians
made. All that remains May I care for others as I would are trained to heal.
is to prescribe the They really want to
psychoactive drug.
have them care for me. help. They often claim
Meanwhile, to Physician that they dont have
combat the paucity of an alternativethat
interest in psychiatry, the World Psychiatric the only way to help these [ADHD, learning
Association has produced a Core Curriculum disordered] children is with drugs. Besides, par-
in Psychiatry for Medical Students.104 ents and teachers are constantly at their throats
Its objective is to train all future physi- for them to write prescriptions. They want their
cians to identify and treat mental illness. The disruptive kids under control immediately. Some
authors candidly state, Since most students doctors dislike doing this; many wish for an
will not enter psychiatry, the acquisition of alternative.106
appropriate attitudes is of primary importance With psychiatric diagnoses and treat-
and should be taught not just in psychiatry ments impacting more peoples lives through
but all other subjects.105 primary care medicine, the alternatives need to be

CHAPTER SIX
A Better Future
31

The emphasis must be on
workable medical testing and treatments
that improve and strengthen individuals
and can save the person from a
lifetime of psychiatric abuse.
emphasized. The following alternatives are derived
from years of working with health professionals
who are qualified to address such medical issues.
1) Check for the Underlying
Physical Problem
The California Department of Mental Health
Medical Evaluation Field Manual states: Mental
health professionals working within a mental
health system have a professional and a legal
obligation to recognize the presence of physical
disease in their patients. Physical diseases may
cause a patients mental disorder [or] may worsen
a mental disorder.107
The Swedish Social Board cited several cases of
disciplinary actions against psychiatrists, including
one in which a patient was complaining of head-
aches, dizziness and staggering when he walked.
The patient had complained of these symptoms to
psychiatric personnel for five years before a medical
check-up revealed that he had a brain tumor.108
Dr. Thomas Dorman says, please remem-
ber that the majority of people suffer from organic
disease. Clinicians should first of all remember
that emotional stress associated with a chronic
illness or a painful condition can alter the patients
temperament. In my practice I have run across
countless people with chronic back pain who were
labeled neurotic. A typical statement from these
poor patients is I thought I really was going crazy.
Often, he said, the problem may have been simply
an undiagnosed ligament problem in the back.109
2) Help Without
Mind-Altering Drugs
German psychiatrist Paul Runge says
hes helped more than 100 children without
using psychiatric drugs. He has also helped
reduce the dosages of drugs prescribed by
other physicians.110
Dr. L.M.J. Pelsser of the Research Center for
Hyperactivity and ADHD in Middelburg, the
Netherlands, found that 62% of children diagnosed
with ADHD showed significant improvements
in behavior as a result of a change in diet over a
period of three weeks.111
Dr. Mary Ann Block, who has helped
thousands of children safely come off or stay
off psychiatric drugs, says, Many doctors dont
do physical exams before prescribing psychi-
atric drugs [Children] see a doctor, but the
doctor does not do a physical exam or look for
any health or learning problems before giving
the child an ADHD diagnosis and a prescrip-
tion drug. This is not how I was taught to
practice medicine. In my medical education, I
was taught to do a complete history and physi-
cal exam. I was taught to consider something
called a differential diagnosis. To do this, one
must consider all possible underlying causes
of the symptoms.112 Dr. Block does allergy
testing and develops dietary solutions to
behavioral problems. She cites a Journal of
Pediatrics (1995) study showing that sucrose
may cause a 10-times increase in adrenaline, in
children, resulting in difficulty concentrating,
irritability, and anxiety.
 Citizens Commission
on Human Rights International
T
he Citizens Commission on Human
Rights (CCHR) was established in
1969 by the Church of Scientology
to investigate and expose psychi-
atric violations of human rights,
and to clean up the field of mental
healing. Today, it has more than 250 chapters in over
34 countries. Its board of advisors, called
Commissioners, includes doctors, lawyers,
educators, artists, business professionals, and civil
and human rights representatives.
While it doesnt provide medical or legal
advice, it works closely with and supports medi-
cal doctors and medical practice. A key CCHR
focus is psychiatrys fraudulent use of subjective
diagnoses that lack any scientific or medical merit,
but which are used to reap financial benefits in
the billions, mostly from the taxpayers or insurance
carriers. Based on these false diagnoses,
psychiatrists justify and prescribe life-damaging
treatments, including mind-altering drugs, which
mask a persons underlying difficulties and prevent
his or her recovery.
CITIZENS COMMISSION
on Human Rights
35
CCHRs work aligns with the UN Universal
Declaration of Human Rights, in particular the
following precepts, which psychiatrists violate on
a daily basis:
Article 3: Everyone has the right to life,
liberty and security of person.
Article 5: No one shall be subjected to tor-
ture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment
or punishment.
Article 7: All are equal before the law and
are entitled without any discrimination to equal
protection of the law.
Through psychiatrists false diagnoses, stig-
matizing labels, easy-seizure commitment laws,
brutal, depersonalizing treatments, thousands of
individuals are harmed and denied their inherent
human rights.
CCHR has inspired and caused many hun-
dreds of reforms by testifying before legislative
hearings and conducting public hearings into psy-
chiatric abuse, as well as working with media, law
enforcement and public officials the world over.
 CCHR INTERNATIONAL
Board of Commissioners
CCHRs Commissioners David Egner, Ph.D. Steven Hayes, Esq. Michelle Stafford
act in an official Seth Farber, Ph.D. Gregory Hession, J.D. Cass Warner
capacity to assist CCHR Mark Filidei, D.O. Sen. Karen Johnson Miles Watkins
in its work to reform the Nicolas Franceshetti, M.D. Erik Langeland, Esq. Kelly Yaegermann
field of mental health Marta Garbos, Psy. D. Leonid Lemberick, Esq.
and to secure rights for Howard Glasser, M.A. Vladimir Leonov, M.P.
the mentally ill. EDUCATION
Patti Guliano, D.C. Lev Levinson Dr. Samuel Blumenfeld
International President Edward C. Hamlyn, M.D. Doug Linde, Esq. Cassandra Casey
Jan Eastgate Brett Hartman, Psy.D. Jonathan W. Lubell, LL.B. Gleb Dubov, Ph.D.
Citizens Commission Lawrence Hooper, M.D. Jeff Lustman
on Human Rights Beverly Eakman
Dr. Joseph Isaac Kendrick Moxon
International, Los Angeles Professor Antony Flew,
Georgia Janisch, R.D. Rep. Curtis Oda
Col. Stanislav Pylov Ph.D.
National President Dr. Derek Johnson
Jonathan Kalman, N.D. Rep. Guadalupe Rodriguez Dr. Wendy Ghiora, Ph.D.
Bruce Wiseman
Dr. Peter Kervorkian, D.C. Sandro Garcia Rojas Professor Hector Herrera
Citizens Commission on
Professor Oleg Khilkevich Timothy Rosen, Esq. Wendy McCants-Thomas
Human Rights United
States Kenichi Kozu, Ph.D. Steven Russell, Esq. Sonya Muhammad, M.S.
Eric Lambert, R. Ph. Rep. Aaron Tilton, (UT) James Paicopolos
Citizens Commission on Nickolai Pavlovsky
Anna C. Law, M.D. Rep. Mark Thompson
Human Rights Board Anatoli Prokopenko
Richard Lippin, M.D. Rep. Michael Thompson
Member
Otani Logi Rep. Matt Throckmorton Gayle Ruzicka
Isadore M. Chait
Lloyd McPhee Joel Turtel
Founding Dr. Bari Maddock ARTS, Shelley Ucinski
Commissioner Joan Mathews-Larson, ENTERTAINMENT Micheal Walker
Dr. Thomas Szasz, Ph.D. & MEDIA Charles Whittman, III
Professor of Psychiatry Conrad Maulfair, D.O. Kirstie Alley
Emeritus at the State Colleen Maulfair Anne Archer BUSINESS
University of New York Clinton Ray Miller Jennifer Aspen Lawrence Anthony
Health Science Center Dr. Robert Morgan, Ph.D. Catherine Bell
Michael Baybak
Craig Newnes David Campbell
Phillip Brown
SCIENCE, MEDICINE & Gwen Olsen Raven Kane Campbell
HEALTH Luis Colon
Mary Jo Pagel, M.D. Nancy Cartwright
Rohit Adi, M.D. Vladimir Pshizov, M.D. Kate Ceberano Bob Duggan
Ivan Alfonso, M.D. Lawrence Retief, M.D. Chick Corea Joyce Gaines
Professor Garland Allen Franklin H. Ross, M.D. Bodhi Elfman James A. Mackie
Giorgio Antonucci, M.D. Megan Shields, M.D. Jenna Elfman Cecilio Ramirez
Ann Auburn, D.O. Allan Sosin, M.D. Cerise Fukuji Sebastien Sainsbury
Mark Barber, D.D.S. David Tanton, Ph.D. Isaac Hayes Roberto Santos
Lisa Bazler, B.A., M.A. William Tutman, Ph.D. Donna Isham
Ryan Bazler, B.S., MBA Tony Urbanek, M.D., Mark Isham RELIGION
Margarethe von Beck, D.D.S. Jason Lee Rev. Doctor Jim Nicholls
DLitt et Phil Margaret von Beck, Ph.D. Geoff Levin Pastor Michael Davis
Shelley Beckmann, Ph.D. Wanda von Kleist, Ph.D. Gordon Lewis Bishop Samuel V.J.
Lisa Benest, M.D. Julian Whitaker, M.D. Juliette Lewis Rowland
Peter Bennet Spice Williams-Crosby, John Mappin
Mary Ann Block, D.O. BSc, MFS, CFT Jaime Maussan ACTIVISTS/HUMAN
John Breeding, Ph.D. Michael Wisner Jim Meskimen RIGHTS
Lisa Cain Sergej Zapuskalov, M.D. Tamra Meskimen Paul Bruhne
Anthony Castiglia, M.D. Norman Zucker, M.D. Marisol Nichols
Janice Hill
Roberto Cestari, M.D. John Novello
Nedra Jones, Ph. D.
James Chappell, D.C. POLITICS & LAW David Pomeranz
N.D., Ph.D. Kelly Preston Elvira Manthey
Rep. Russell Albert
Beth Clay Lewis Bass, M.S., J.D. Tariz Nasim Sheila Matthews
Bishop David Cooper Timothy Bowles, Esq. Kelly Patricia OMeara Lynette Riley-Mundine
Jesus Corona Robert Butcher, LLB Leah Remini Ghulam Abbas Sajan
Ann Y. Coxon, M.B., B.S. Robert E. Byron, LLC Lee Rogers William Tower
Moira Dolan, M.D. Lars Engstrand Carrina Ricco Ishrat Nasim
Mary Ann Durham, B.S. Guillermo Guzmn de Raul Rubio Patricia Weathers
Dan L. Edmunds, ED.D., la Garza Harriet Schock Allan Wohrnitz, B.Sc.
M.A., B.C.S.A. Sandra Gorcia Rojas Dennis Smith Lloyd Wyles

CCHR Australia
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights Australia
P.O. Box 6402
North Sydney
New South Wales 2059
Australia
Phone: 612-9964-9844
E-mail: cchranzo@tpg.com.au
CCHR Austria
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights Austria
(Brgerkommission fr
Menschenrechte sterreich)
Postfach 130
A-1072 Wien, Austria
Phone: 43-1-877-02-23
E-mail: info@cchr.at
CCHR Belgium
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights Belgium
(Belgisch comite voor de rechten
van de mens)
Postbus 338
2800 Mechelen 3, Belgium
E-mail: info@cchr.de
CCHR Canada
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights Canada
27 Carlton St., Suite 304
Toronto, Ontario
M5B 1L2 Canada
Phone: 1-416-971-8555
E-mail:
officemanager@on.aibn.com
CCHR Colombia
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights Colombia
P.O. Box 359339
Bogota, Colombia
Phone: 57-1-251-0377
E-mail: ccdhcol@hotmail.com
CCHR Czech Republic
Citizens Commission on Human
Rights Czech Republic
Obcansk komise za
lidsk prva
Vclavsk nmest 17
110 00 Praha 1, Czech Republic
Phone/Fax: 420-224-009-156
E-mail: cchr-cz@volny.cz
CCHR Denmark
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights Denmark
(Medborgernes Menneskerettig-
hedskommissionMMK)
Faksingevej 9A
2700 Brnshj, Denmark
Phone: 45 39 62 90 39
E-mail: info@mmk.info
CCHR National Offices
CCHR Finland
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights Finland
Post Box 145
00511 Helsinki, Finland
Phone: 358-9-8594-869
CCHR France
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights France
(Commission des Citoyens pour
les Droits de lHommeCCDH)
BP 10076
75561 Paris Cedex 12 , France
Phone: 33 1 40 01 09 70
Fax: 33 1 40 01 05 20
E-mail: ccdh@wanadoo.fr
CCHR Germany
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights Germany
(Kommission fr Verste
der Psychiatrie gegen
Menschenrechte e.V.KVPM)
Amalienstrae 49a
80799 Mnchen, Germany
Phone: 49 89 273 0354
Fax: 49 89 28 98 6704
E-mail: kvpm@gmx.de
CCHR Greece
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights Greece
P.O. Box 31268
Athens 47, Postal Code 10-035
Athens, Greece
Phone: 210-3604895
CCHR Holland
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights Holland
Postbus 36000
1020 MA, Amsterdam
Holland
Phone/Fax: 3120-4942510
E-mail: info@ncrm.nl
CCHR Hungary
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights Hungary
Pf. 182
1461 Budapest, Hungary
Phone: 36 1 342 6355
Fax: 36 1 344 4724
E-mail: info@cchr.hu
CCHR Israel
Citizens Commission
on Human Rights Israel
P.O. Box 37020
61369 Tel Aviv, Israel
Phone: 972 3 5660699
Fax: 972 3 5663750
E-mail: cchr_isr@netvision.net.il
CCHR Italy
Citizens Commission
on Human Rights Italy
(Comitato dei Cittadini per i
Diritti Umani ONLUS CCDU)
Viale Monza 1
20125 Milano, Italy
E-mail: info@ccdu.org
CCHR Japan
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights Japan
2-11-7-7F Kitaotsuka
Toshima-ku Tokyo
170-0004, Japan
Phone/Fax: 81 3 3576 1741
E-mail:
cchrjapan@bpost.plala.or.jp
CCHR Latvia
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights Latvia
Dzelzavas 80-48
Riga, Latvia 1082
Phone: 371-758-3940
E-mail: cchr-latvia@inbox.lv
CCHR Mexico
Citizens Commission
on Human Rights Mexico
(Comisin de Ciudadanos por
los Derechos HumanosCCDH)
Cordobanes 47, San Jose
Insurgents
Mxico 03900 D.F.
Phone: 55-8596-5030
E-mail:
protegelasaludmental@yahoo.com
CCHR Nepal
Citizens Commission
on Human Rights Nepal
P.O. Box 1679
Kathmandu, Nepal
Phone: 977-1-448-6053
E-mail: nepalcchr@hotmail.com
CCHR New Zealand
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights New Zealand
P.O. Box 5257
Wellesley Street
Auckland 1141, New Zealand Human Rights Taiwan
Phone/Fax: 649 580 0060
E-mail: cchr@xtra.co.nz
CCHR Norway
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights Norway
(Medborgernes
menneskerettighets-kommisjon,
MMK)
Postboks 308
4803 Arendal, Norway
Phone: 47 40468626
E-mail: mmknorge@online.no
CCHR Russia
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights Russia
Borisa Galushkina #19A
129301, Moscow
Russia CIS
Phone: (495) 540-1599
E-mail: cchr@g-telecom.ru
CCHR South Africa
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights South Africa
P.O. Box 710
Johannesburg 2000
Republic of South Africa
Phone: 011 27 11 624 3538
E-mail: suzette@cchr.co.za
CCHR Spain
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights Spain
(Comisin de Ciudadanos por los
Derechos HumanosCCDH)
c/Maestro Arbos No 5 4
Oficina 29
28045 Madrid, Spain
Phone: 34-91-527-35-08
E-mail:
administration@ccdh.es
CCHR Sweden
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights Sweden
(Kommittn fr Mnskliga
RttigheterKMR)
Box 2
124 21 Stockholm, Sweden
Phone/Fax: 46 8 83 8518
E-mail: info.kmr@telia.com
CCHR Switzerland
Citizens Commission
on Human Rights Lausanne
(Commission des Citoyens pour
les droits de lHomme CCDH)
Case postale 5773
1002 Lausanne, Switzerland
Phone: 41 21 646 6226
E-mail: cchrlau@dplanet.ch
CCHR Taiwan
Citizens Commission on
Taichung P.O. Box 36-127
Taiwan, R.O.C.
Phone: 42-471-2072
E-mail: tao5lanna@yahoo.com.tw
CCHR United Kingdom
Citizens Commission on
Human Rights United Kingdom
P.O. Box 188
East Grinstead, West Sussex
RH19 4RB, United Kingdom
Phone: 44 1342 31 3926
Fax: 44 1342 32 5559
E-mail: info@cchr.org.uk.

1. David Samuels, Saying Yes to
Drugs, The New Yorker, 23 Mar.
1998.
2. Ty. C. Colbert, Ph.D., Rape of the
Soul: How the Chemical Imbalance
Model of Modern Psychiatry has
Failed its Patients (Kevco Publishing,
California, 2001) pp. 74-75
3. Controlling the diagnosis and
treatment of hyperactive children in
Europe, Parliamentary Assembly
Council of Europe Preliminary
Draft Report, Mar. 2002, Statement
from Dr. Paul Runge.
4. Op. cit., Parliamentary Assembly
Council of Europe Preliminary,
point 16.
5. Evolution of the number
of prescriptions of Ritalin
(Methylphenidate) in the Canton
of Neuchatel between 1996 and
2000, Dr. Jean-Blaise Montandon,
Public Health Service and Laurent
Medioni, Chief of Pharmaceutical
Control and Authorization
Division, Switzerland.
6. David Reardon, "Mind Drugs are
Hurting Normal Children: AMA,"
Sydney Morning Herald, 6 Feb. 1999.
7. Op. cit., Parliamentary Assembly,
Council of Europe Preliminary
Draft Report, Point 15.
8. The ADHD DebateParents,
doctors and educators struggle to
defineand treatattention deficit
hyperactivity disorder, Daily News
(New York), 9 Apr. 2001.
9. Louria Shulamit, M.D., Family
Practitioner, Israel, Quote Provided
to CCHR International, 2002.
10. Gina Shaw, The Ritalin
Controversy Experts Debate Use
of Drug to Curb Hyperactivity
in Children, The Washington
Diplomat, Mar. 2002.
11. Jeanie Russell, The Pill That
Teachers Push, Good Housekeeping,
Dec. 1997.
12. Dr. Mark Graff, interview, CBS
Studio 2, July 2005.
13. People Magazine, 11 July 2005.
14. Elliot S. Valenstein, Ph.D.,
Blaming the Brain, (The Free Press,
New York, 1998), p. 4.
15. Lisa M. Krieger, Some question
value of brain scan; Untested tool
belongs in lab only, experts say,
The Mercury News, 4 May 2004.
16. Ibid.
17. Dr. Mary Ann Block, No More
ADHD, (Block Books, Texas, 2001),
p. 35.
REFERENCES
References
18. Ty C. Colbert, Ph.D., Rape of the
Soul: How the Chemical Imbalance
Model of Modern Psychiatry has Failed
its Patients, (Kevco Publishing,
2001), p. 74.
19. Physicians Desk Reference-1998,
(Medical Economics Co., N.J.), pp.
1896-1897.
20. Brian Vastig, Pay Attention:
Ritalin Acts Much Like Cocaine,
Journal of the American Medical
Association, 22/29 Aug. 2001, Vol.
286, No. 8, p. 905.
21. Dr. David Stein, Ph.D.,
Unraveling the ADD/ADHD Fiasco,
(Andrews Publishing, Kansas City,
2001), p. 22.
22. Ibid. p. 20.
23. Diagnostic & Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorder (DSM-IIIR),
(American Psychiatric Association,
Washington, D.C., 1987), p. 136.
24. Sydney Walker III, M.D., The
Hyperactivity Hoax, (St. Martins
Paperbacks, New York, 1998), p. 47.
25. Op. cit., Dr. Jean-Blaise
Montandon and Laurent Medioni.
26. Lucy Johnston, These
Youngsters are like guinea pigs in
a huge medical experiment.,
Sunday Express, 15 June 2003.
27. K. Minde, M.D., FRCPC, The
Use of Psychotropic Medication
in Preschoolers: Some Recent
Developments, Canadian Journal of
Psychiatry, Vol. 43, 1998.
28. Criado Alvarez JJ, Romo
Barrientos C., Variability and
tendencies in the consumption of
methylphenidate in Spain. An esti-
mation of the prevalence of atten-
tion deficit hyperactivity disorder,
Rev Neurol. Nov 1-15;37(9):806-10;
INCB Comments on Psychotropic
Substance statistics, 1999, p.28.
29. Richard De Grandpre, Ritalin
Nation, (W.W. Norton & Co., New
York, 1999), p. 177.
30. Kate Muldoon, Shooting spurs
debate on Prozacs use by kids,
The Oregonian, 1 June 1998.
31. The eating cure: Forget
drugsdiet is the way forward
in treating mental illness., The
Guardian (London), 4 May 2004.
32. Worsening Depression and
Suicidality in Patients Being
Treated with Antidepressants
Medications, US Food and Drug
Administration Public Health
Advisory, 22 Mar. 2004.
33. Kelly Patricia OMeara, GAO
Study Plays Guessing Games,
Insight Magazine, 16 May 2003.
34. R.S. Pollack, A Boys Behavioral
Problems Stop After a Blockage is
Removed from His Colon, Sun
Sentinel News, 4 Mar. 2002.
35. American Psychiatric
Association Campaign Kit 1989:
Opening letter by Harvey Ruben,
M.D.; section on About this years
campaign; section on About legisla-
tors; section on About the public
36. Acknowledgements, A
WHO Educational PackageMental
Disorders in Primary Care, 1998, p. 3.
37. Edward Shorter, A History
of Psychiatry: From the Era of the
Asylums to the Age of Prozac, (John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York,
1997), p. 1.
38.Franz G. Alexander, M.D., and
Sheldon T. Selesnick, M.D., The
History of Psychiatry: An Evaluation
of Psychiatric Thought and Practice
from Prehistoric Times to the Present,
(Harper & Row Publishers, New
York, 1966), p. 4.
39.Thomas Szasz, M.D., The
Manufacture of Madness, (Harper &
Row, New York, 1970), p. 299.
40. Op. cit., Edward Shorter, p. 17.
41. Thomas Szasz, M.D.,
Pharmocracy, (Praeger Publishers,
Westport, CT, 2001), p. 6.
42. Ibid.
43. John G. Howells, M.D., World
History of Psychiatry, (Brunner/
Mazel, Inc., New York, 1975), p. 264.
44. Ibid.
45. Op. cit., Szasz, The Manufacture
of Madness, p. 305.
46. Erwin H. Ackerknecht, A
Short History of Psychiatry, (Hafner
Publishing Co., New York, 1959),
pp. 33-34.
47. Thomas Rder, Volker Kubillus,
Anthony Burwell, Psychiatrists
The Men Behind Hitler, (FREEDOM
Publishing, Los Angeles, 1995),
p. 28, citing: Friedrich Nietzsche,
Book III, p. 67.
48. Stanley Finger, Origins
of Neuroscience: A History of
Explorations into Brain Function,
(Oxford University Press, New
York, 1994), p. 58.
49. Elliot S. Valenstein, Ph.D.,
Blaming the Brain, (The Free Press,
New York, 1998), p. 19.
50. Ibid., p. 19.
51. American Psychiatric
Association Campaign Kit 1989:
Opening letter by Harvey Ruben,
M.D.; section on About this
years campaign; section on
About legislators; section on
About the public.
52. Acknowledgements, A
WHO Educational PackageMental
Disorders in Primary Care, 1998, p. 3.
53. Sarah Boseley, Psychiatric
Agenda set by drug firms, The
Guardian, 9 Jul. 2001
54. Shankar Vedantam, Drug
Ads Hyping Anxiety Make Some
Uneasy, The Washington Post, 16
Jul., 2001
55. Joseph Glenmullen, M.D.,
Prozac Backlash, (Simon & Schuster,
New York, 2000, p. 12.
56. Op. cit., Elliot S. Valenstein, p. 4.
57. David Healy, The Antidepressant
Era (Harvard University Press,
1997), p. 231.
58. David Kaiser, M.D., Against
Biological Psychiatry, Dec., 1996,
http://www.antipsychiatry.org/
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59. Herb Kutchins, Stuart A. Kirk,
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New York, 2000), p. 22.
60. Ibid, P. 263.
61. Matthew Dumont, A diagnostic
parable (First edition-un-revised).
READINGS: A Journal of Reviews
and Commentary in Mental Health,
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62. Op. Cit., Edward Shorter, p. 295.
63. Steven Miran, M.D., Testimony
of the APA before the House
Subcommittee on Labor, Health
& Human Services and Education
Appropriations, 5 Apr., 2000.
64. Op. cit., David Healy, p. 174.
65. Op. cit., Joseph Glenmullen,
p. 193.
66. J. Allan Hobson & Jonathan A.
Leonard, Out of Its Mind, Psychiatry
in Crisis, A Call for Reform,
(Perseus Publishing, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, 2001) p. 125.
67. Op. cit., David Healy, Intro., p. 5.
68. Op. cit., Elliot S. Valenstein, p. 4.
69. Jeffrey R. Lacasse and Jonathan
Leo, Serotonin and Depression:
A Disconnect between the
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70. Lisa M. Krieger, Some question
value of brain scan; Untested tool
belongs in lab only, experts say,
The Mercury News, 4 May 2004.
71. Dr. Darshak Sanghavi, Health
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Children Behind, The Boston Globe,
27 Apr. 2004.
72. Op. cit. Elliot S. Valenstein, p. 4.
73. Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders II,
(American Psychiatric Association,
Washington, DC, 1968), p. ix.
74. E. Fuller Torrey, M.D., Death of
Psychiatry, (Chilton Publications,
Pennsylvania, 1974), pp. 10-11.
75. Robert Whitaker, Mad in
America: Bad Science, Bad Medicine,
and the Enduring Mistreatment of the
Mentally Ill, (Perseus Publishing,
New York, 2002), p. 183.
76. Ty Colbert, Blaming the Genes
(Kevco Books, California, 2001),
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77. Op. cit., Robert Whitaker, p. 203.
78. Ibid., p. 191, citing George
Crane, Tardive Dyskinesia in
Patients Treated with Major
Neuroleptics: A Review of the
Literature, American Journal of
Psychiatry, 124, supplement, 1968,
pp. 40-47.
79. Op. Cit., Whitaker, p. 208, citing
Estimates of incidence rates for
NMS vary from 0.2% to 1.4%. At
a rate of 0.8%, that would mean
approx. 24,000 cases annually from
the 1960s to the 1980s (with 3 mil-
lion Americans on the drugs), with
total deaths of 5,280 (24,000 x 22%
mortality rate) annually. Over a
22 year period, that would lead to
more than 100,000 deaths. At 4%,
the number would be 20,000.
80. Op. cit., Whitaker, pp. 227-228,
citing L. Jeff, The International
Pilot Study of Schizophrenia:
Five-Year Follow-Up Findings,
Psychological Medicine 22 (1992),
pp. 131-145; Assen Jablensky,
Schizophrenia: Manifestations,
Incidence and Course in Different
Cultures, a World Health
Organization Ten-Country Study,
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81 Op. cit., Whitaker, p. 229.
82. Ibid., pp. 253-254.
83. The Associated Press, Lilly
Reports More on Zyprexa, 7 Aug,
2006. ; J&J: TO ISSUE LETTER ON
RISPERDAL STROKE RISK FOR
ELDERLY, American Health Line,
14 Apr. 2003; Philip S. Wang, M.D.,
Dr.P.H., Sebastian Schneeweiss,
M.D., Jerry Avorn, M.D., Michael
A. Fischer, M.D., Helen Mogun,
M.S., Daniel H. Solomon, M.D.,
M.P.H., and M. Alan Brookhart,
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84. Op. cit., Robert Whitaker, p. 258.
85. Edward G. Ezrailson, Ph.D.,
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86. Op. cit., Whitaker, pp. 182, 186.
87. Ibid., p. 188.
88. Worsening Depression and
Suicidality in Patients Being
Treated with Antidepressant
Medications, US Food and Drug
Administration Public Health
Advisory, 22 Mar. 2004.
89. FDAs Safety Information and
Adverse Event Reporting Program,
Effexor XR, Nov. 2005.
90. Kelly OMeara, Psyched Out,
How Psychiatry Sells Mental
Illness and Pushes Pills that Kill,
AuthorHouse, 2006, citing Theodore
A. Henderson, M.D., Ph.D., Matrix
ADHD Clinic, Neurobehavioral
Research, Keith Hotman,
M.D., Aggression, Mania, and
Hypomania Induction Associated
with Atomoxetine, Pediatrics Vol.
114, No. 3, Sept. 2004.
91. "Acute Drug Withdrawal,"
Pre Mec Medicines Information
Bulletin, Aug 1996, and 6 Jan. 1997,
Internet url: http://www.premec.
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92. Op. cit., Joseph Glenmullen, p. 78.
93. Ibid., p. 78.
94. Jim Rosack, SSRIs Called on
Carpet Over Violence Claims,
Psychiatric News, Vol. 36, No. 19, 5
Oct. 2001.
95. Interview with New York
State Dept. of Law, Medicaid
Fraud Control Unit, 15 Dec. 1995,
regarding 1995 health care fraud
convictions in 1995 and 1992
report, Special Prosecutor Arrests
Westchester PsychiatristNY State
EmployeeIn $8200 Medicaid
fraud, Special Prosecutor For
Medicaid Fraud Control News
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Ph.D., et. al., Fraud and Abuse
of Government Medical Benefit
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96. Kenneth Pope, Sex Between (Jossey-Bass, Inc., Publishers, San
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Encyclopedia of Women and Gender: 107. Lorrin M. Koran, Medical
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111. Controlling the diagnosis
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100. Physicians Disciplined for dren in Europe, Parliamentary
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Testing for Physical Illness in
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Richard C. Hall, M.D. et al.,
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Edward M. Litin, M.D., and John
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105. Ahmed Mohit, Psychiatry
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Practical Program for Children
Diagnosed with ADD or ADHD,
 Citizens Commission on Human Rights
RAISING PUBLIC AWARENESS
E ducation is a vital part of any initiative to reverse
social decline. CCHR takes this responsibility very
seriously. Through the broad dissemination of
CCHRs Internet site, books, newsletters and other
publications, more and more patients, families,
becoming educated on the truth about psychiatry, and that
something effective can and should be done about it.
CCHRs publicationsavailable in 15 languages
show the harmful impact of psychiatry on racism, education,
women, justice, drug rehabilitation, morals, the elderly,
professionals, lawmakers and countless others are religion, and many other areas. A list of these includes:

THE REAL CRISISIn Mental Health Today CHILD DRUGGINGPsychiatry Destroying Lives
Report and recommendations on the lack of science Report and recommendations on fraudulent psychiatric
and results within the mental health industry diagnoses and the enforced drugging of youth

MASSIVE FRAUDPsychiatrys Corrupt Industry HARMING YOUTHScreening and Drugs Ruin Young Minds
Report and recommendations on a criminal mental Report and recommendations on harmful mental health
health monopoly assessments, evaluations and programs within our schools
PSYCHIATRIC MALPRACTICEThe Subversion of Medicine COMMUNITY RUINPsychiatrys Coercive Care
Report and recommendations on psychiatrys Report and recommendations on the failure of community
destructive impact on health care mental health and other coercive psychiatric programs
INVENTING DISORDERSFor Drug Profits HARMING ARTISTSPsychiatry Ruins Creativity
Report and recommendations on the unscientific Report and recommendations on psychiatry assaulting
fraud perpetrated by psychiatry the arts
SCHIZOPHRENIAPsychiatrys For Profit Disease UNHOLY ASSAULTPsychiatry versus Religion
Report and recommendations on psychiatric lies and Report and recommendations on psychiatrys subversion
false diagnoses of religious belief and practice
BRUTAL THERAPIESHarmful Psychiatric Treatments ERODING JUSTICEPsychiatrys Corruption of Law
Report and recommendations on the destructive Report and recommendations on psychiatry subverting
practices of electroshock and psychosurgery the courts and corrective services
PSYCHIATRIC RAPEAssaulting Women and Children
Report and recommendations on widespread sex crimes ELDERLY ABUSECruel Mental Health Programs
against patients within the mental health system Report and recommendations on psychiatry abusing seniors
DEADLY RESTRAINTSPsychiatrys Therapeutic Assault BEHIND TERRORISMPsychiatry Manipulating Minds
Report and recommendations on the violent and Report and recommendations on the role of psychiatry
dangerous use of restraints in mental health facilities in international terrorism
PSYCHIATRYHooking Your World on Drugs
Report and recommendations on psychiatry creating CREATING RACISMPsychiatrys Betrayal
todays drug crisis Report and recommendations on psychiatry causing
racial conflict and genocide
REHAB FRAUDPsychiatrys Drug Scam
Report and recommendations on methadone and other CITIZENS COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
disastrous psychiatric drug rehabilitation programs The International Mental Health Watchdog

WARNING: No one should stop taking any psychiatric drug without the
advice and assistance of a competent, non-psychiatric, medical doctor.

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