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Lecture 6
Page 1 of 15
(1)
Z0
1 z
where Z z V z / I z is the total TL impedance at z and
z Le j 2 z
(2)
Whites, EE 481/581
Lecture 6
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1 r j i 1 r j i
z z r jx
1 r ji 1 r ji *
*
1 j 2i 2r i2
1 2 r r2 i2
Equating the real and imaginary parts of this last equation gives
1 2r i2
2 i
r
and
x
(2.55)
2
2
2
2
r 1 i
r 1 i
Rearranging both of these leads us to the final two equations
2
2
r
1
2
(2.56a),(4)
r
i
1 r
1 r
2
2
1 1
2
(2.56b),(5)
and
r 1 i
x
x
We will use (4) and (5) to construct the Smith chart.
Definition: The Smith chart is a plot of normalized TL
resistance and reactance functions drawn in the complex,
generalized reflection coefficient [ z ] plane.
Whites, EE 481/581
Lecture 6
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1
For r 1: r i2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
For r : r i
3
2
3
Plot these curves in the r-i plane:
i Im z
Complex (z)
plane
r=0
-1
1/2
r=1/2
-1
r Re z
r=1
For x 1: r 1 i 1 1
2
1 1
For x 100 : r 1 i
100
100
1
2
2
: r 1 i 100 1002
For x
100
2
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Lecture 6
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r Re z
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Lecture 6
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Lecture 6
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z z 1 r jx 1
. Therefore
z z 1 r jx 1
2
r jx 1 r jx 1 r 1 x
z
r jx 1 r jx 1 r 12 x 2
2
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Lecture 6
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2 i
2
r 1 i2
we deduce that i 0 (except possibly at r 1 ).
x
Whites, EE 481/581
Lecture 6
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Lecture 6
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Lecture 6
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and
V z min Vo 1 L
z z VSWR
(9)
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Lecture 6
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Whites, EE 481/581
Lecture 6
y z
Page 12 of 15
1 z
1
z z 1 z
(11)
and
g
2 1
i
r 1 g
1 g
2
2
1 1
2
r 1 i
b b
(12)
(13)
r Re z
Whites, EE 481/581
Lecture 6
Page 13 of 15
That is,
j 2 z
j 2 z
4
Le
j 2 z
2
Whites, EE 481/581
Lecture 6
z z
4
Page 14 of 15
(14)
1 z
y z
z z
(15)
1 z
4
Discussion
From (15) we can deduce that:
1. If z z is known, then y z is the point on the constant
VSWR circle that is diametrically opposite the z z point
on the Smith chart. (In this context, remember that a QWT
is an impedance inverter device. See Lecture 9.)
2.
3.
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Lecture 6
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