Physical Science Study Guide

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____

____

____

1. When an unbalanced force acts on an object,

a
.

the objects motion does not change.

c
.

the weight of the object decreases.

b
.

the object accelerates.

d
.

the inertia of the object increases.

2. Work is a transfer of
a
.

energy.

c
.

mass.

b
.

force.

d
.

motion.

3. What is transferred by a force moving an object through a distance?

a

force

motion

.
b
.

____

____

____

.
mass

d
.

energy

4. The energy of motion is called

a
.

kinetic energy.

c
.

thermal energy.

b
.

potential energy.

d
.

work.

5. Which of the following is an example of an object with elastic potential energy?

a
.

a wind-up toy that has been wound up

b
.

a compressed basketball

c
.

a stretched rubber band

d
.

all of the above

6. Why is the gravitational potential energy of an object 1 meter above the moons surface less than its potential
energy 1 meter above Earths surface?
a
.

The objects mass is less on the moon.

The objects weight is more on the moon.

____

____

____

c
.

The objects acceleration due to gravity is less on the moon.

d
.

both a and c

7. Which of the following increases when an object becomes warmer?

a
.

chemical energy

b
.

elastic potential energy

c
.

nuclear energy

d
.

thermal energy

8. The energy stored in gasoline is

a
.

chemical energy.

c
.

mechanical energy.

b
.

electromagnetic energy.

d
.

nuclear energy.

9. Walking converts what type of energy into mechanical energy?

a
.

chemical

c
.

nuclear

b
.

electromagnetic

d
.

thermal

____ 10. Nuclear power plants are designed to convert nuclear energy into what type of energy?
a
.

chemical

c
.

geothermal

b
.

electrical

d
.

mechanical

____ 11. Which of the following statements is true according to the law of conservation of energy?
a
.

Energy cannot be created.

b
.

Energy cannot be destroyed.

c
.

Energy can be converted from one form to another.

d
.

all of the above

____ 12. The mechanical energy of an object equals its

a
.

chemical energy plus its nuclear energy.

kinetic energy plus its potential energy.

.
c
.

nuclear energy.

d
.

thermal energy.

Figure 15-1

____ 13. The kinetic energy of the pendulum bob in Figure 15-1 increases the most between locations
a
.

A and B.

c
.

B and D.

b
.

A and C.

d
.

C and D.

____ 14. Based on your knowledge of energy conservation, which of the following statements is true?
a
.

Manufacturers can increase a light bulbs energy efficiency by using technology that
increases the amount of electromagnetic energy the bulb converts from a given amount
of electrical energy.

b
.

Energy can be conserved by turning off lights when they are not in use.

c
.

both a and b

d
.

neither a nor b

Completion
Complete each statement.

15. Energy of an object increases when ____________________ is done on the object.

16. If the ____________________ of an object doubles, its kinetic energy doubles.

17. Energy that is stored due to position or shape is called ____________________ energy.

18. When a pole-vaulter flexes the pole, the pole-vaulter increases the poles ____________________ potential
energy.

19. You can calculate an objects gravitational potential energy by using the equation ____________________.

20. The sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of an object is called its ____________________ energy.

21. All energy can be considered as kinetic energy, ____________________ energy, or the energy in fields.

22. Wind turbines convert ____________________ energy into electrical energy.

23. The process of changing energy from one form to another is called energy ____________________.

24. Energy cannot be created or destroyed is a statement of the law of _________________________.

25. Turning off unused lights or appliances is an example of energy ____________________.

Short Answer

26. What are the two general types of energy that can be used to classify many forms of energy?

27. Sled A (with its riders) has twice the mass of Sled B (with its riders). If both sleds have the same kinetic
energy, which sled is moving faster? Explain your answer.

28. In what two ways can you increase the elastic potential energy of a spring?

29. What energy conversion takes place as an arrow is shot from a bow?

Other

USING SCIENCE SKILLS

Figure 15-2

30. Classifying What form of energy does the compressed spring have in Figure 15-2?

31. Interpreting Graphics In Figure 15-2, how has the kinetic energy of the block changed between A and B?

Figure 15-3

32. Interpreting Graphics At what location in Figure 15-3 does the ball have the least gravitational potential
energy?

33. Comparing and Contrasting Compare the gravitational potential energy of the ball at locations B and E
shown in Figure 15-3. Explain your answer.