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CHAPTER 1:
1.ID: 2508918789
Jennifer is a community health nurse in a large metropolitan area. According to the American Nurses
Association's Code of Ethics (2001), community health nurses must align themselves with public
health programs that promote and preserve the health of populations by influencing:
A.
socioeconomic issues.
B.
psychosocial issues.
C.
sociocultural issues.
D.
developmental issues.
The Code of Ethics of the American Nurses Association (2001) promotes social reform by focusing on
health policy and legislation to positively affect accessibility, quality, and cost of health care.
Community health nurses must align themselves with public health programs that promote and
preserve the health of populations by influencing sociocultural issues, such as human rights,
homelessness, violence, and stigma of illness. Directing care toward socioeconomic issues,
psychosocial issues, or developmental issues focuses on individuals, families, or groups, which in turn
contributes to the health of the total population.
D.
increase independence of older Americans.
One of the new objectives for Healthy People 2020 focuses on preparedness for major health
incidents. Achieving access to preventive services of all Americans and reducing health disparities
among Americans were goals of Healthy People 2000, and increasing the independence of older
Americans was a goal of the original 1979 Healthy People version.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 9
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
7.
7.ID: 2508920100
Which of the following is an example of "community health nursing" rather than "community-based
nursing"?
A.
An RN assisting a doctor in a pediatrician's office
B.
An RN visiting a home-bound patient to monitor for congestive heart failure
C.
An RN reviewing school clinic records to determine which children are not up
to date on their immunizations
D.
An RN dispensing medications in a nursing home
"Community health nursing" focuses on groups of people, with the primary responsibility being the
population as a whole (as with a school). Care typically focuses on health promotion and illness
prevention, such as the nurse who reviews school clinic records to determine which children are not
up to date on their immunizations. "Community-based nursing" is setting specific and emphasizes
care to individuals, often in homes and ambulatory clinics, and typically addresses acute and chronic
health conditions. The other options are examples of nurses providing care to individuals.
DIF: Cognitive level: Application
REF: Page 11
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
8.
8.ID: 2508920115
Which of the following entities strives to improve the health of all the public by promoting healthy
lifestyles, preventing disease and injury, and protecting the health of communities?
A.
Managed care organizations (MCOs)
B.
Medicare
C.
Public health system
D.
Affordable Care Act
The Public health system strives to improve the health of entire populations by promoting healthy
lifestyles, preventing disease and injury, and protecting the health of communities. Although MCOs
and government financing entities (Medicare and Medicaid) focus on the health of their clients, they
do not focus on the community and population in general. The focus of the Affordable Care Act is to
mandate health insurance for individuals.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 16
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9.
9.ID: 2508975564
A variety of health indicators are used by health providers, policy makers, and community health
nurses to measure the health of the community. Indicators that illustrate the health status of a
community and may be useful in analyzing health patterns over time include: (Select all that apply.)
A.
morbidity.
B.
mortality.
C.
birth rates.
D.
life expectancy.
E.
cancer incidence rates.
Some of the more commonly reported health indicators used by health providers, policy makers, and
community health nurses to measure the health of the community are life expectancy, infant
mortality, age-adjusted death rates, and cancer incidence rates. Birth rates do not provide relative
data to measure the health of a community.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 5
Awarded 4.0 points out of 4.0 possible points.
10.
10.ID: 2508975568
Public health efforts focus on prevention and promotion of population health. The local level of the
health care system provides direct services to community members through community and personal
health services. An example of a health service that targets the larger community, rather than
individuals, is:(Select all that apply.)
A.
providing well-infant care.
B.
a mobile immunization clinic.
C.
condemning or repairing unsafe housing.
D.
encouraging family planning.
E.
airing a weekly public service announcement to remind women to do breast
self-examination.
A mobile immunization clinic, repairing unsafe housing, and airing weekly public service
announcements all target the larger population of a community. Providing well-infant care and
encouraging family planning target individuals.
DIF: Cognitive level: Application
REF: Page 6
CHAPTER 3:
1.
1.ID: 2508896587
Which of the following statements is NOT true about the "thinking upstream" model of community
health nursing practice?
A.
It is a conceptual model to assist the nurse in community health planning.
B.
It helps to focus the time, energy, and programmatic resources available to community
health nursing clients.
C.
It focuses the nurse on short-term, individual-based nursing interventions.
D.
It focuses the nurse on long-term, "bigger picture" issues related to community health
practice, such as social justice or power.
The upstream model uses the analogy of a river flowing upstream toward the bigger picture to focus
community health nursing practice. This differentiates population-focused and individual-focused
nursing interventions. The community health nurse needs to have a "critical eye" for the bigger
picture to focus time, energy, and resources and provide quality care.
DIF: Cognitive level: Application
REF: Page 37
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
2.
2.ID: 2508902606
A microscopic approach to the community health problem of childhood obesity would focus on:
A.
asking an obese child and his or her parent(s) to complete a 24-hour food
diary.
B.
analyzing aggregate Body Mass Indexes (BMIs) of school-age children in a school.
C.
advocating for a change in health policy related to school lunches.
D.
exploring changing cultural changes and societal values related to activity.
A microscopic approach to the conceptualization of the problem of childhood obesity focuses on the
individual child. A macroscopic approach focuses on the societal factors that influence health status.
Analyzing aggregate BMIs, advocating a change in school lunches, and exploring societal and cultural
values related to activity are examples of a macroscopic approach to the community health problem
of childhood obesity.
8.
CHAPTER 4:
1.
1.ID: 2508914645
Receiving immunizations, regular health screenings, and physical exams is an example of:
A.
health promotion.
B.
health protection.
C.
secondary prevention.
D.
health maintenance.
Health protection refers to behaviors in which the individual engages with the intent to prevent
disease, detect disease in early stages, or maximize health. Immunizations and physical examinations
are examples. Green and Kreuter (1991) define health promotion as "any combination of health
education and related organizational, economic, and environmental supports for behavior of
individuals, groups, or communities conducive to health." Secondary prevention refers to early
detection and prompt intervention during the period of early disease pathogenesis, such as checking
the skin for signs of skin cancer or identifying and treating individuals who have been exposed to
contagious diseases. Health maintenance occurs when the individual has changed overt behavior for
more than 6 months and strives to prevent relapse.
history, and any physical and mental health problems developed in the course of life.
DIF: Cognitive level: Application
REF: Page 51
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4.
4.ID: 2508914653
According to the health belief model, the inconvenience of driving to a gym to exercise is an example
of a:
A.
perceived susceptibility.
B.
perceived barrier.
C.
perceived benefit.
D.
cue to action.
Perceived barriers to action are one's beliefs regarding the tangible and psychological costs of an
advised action and include perceived unavailability, inconvenience, expense, difficulty, or time
regarding health behaviors. Perceived susceptibility is one's belief regarding the chance of getting a
given condition. Perceived benefit is one's belief in the ability of an advised action to reduce the
health risk or seriousness of a given condition. Cues to action are strategies or conditions in one's
environment that activate readiness to take action.
DIF: Cognitive level: Application
REF: Page 55
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
5.
5.ID: 2508914655
A man has been smoking for 20 of his 40 years. He smokes a pack of cigarettes daily and states, "My
dad smoked two packs a day and lived to be almost 90. Besides, I'm going to die from something
anyway, so why quit"? He is in which "stage of change" in the transtheoretical model?
A.
Contemplation
B.
Maintenance
C.
Precontemplation
D.
Preparation
In the precontemplation stage of change, the individual has no intention to take an action toward
changing a behavior in the next 6 months. In the contemplation stage, the individual has some
intention to take action toward behavior change in the next 6 months. In the maintenance stage, the
individual has changed overt behavior for more than 6 months. In the preparation stage, the
individual intends to take action within the next month and has taken steps toward behavior change.
DIF: Cognitive level: Application
REF: Page 56
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
6.
6.ID: 2508914651
A smoking cessation class stresses increased lung function, money saved that is not spent on
cigarettes, and smelling clean and fresh as benefits to quitting smoking. These support which of the
following concepts?
A.
Perceived barriers
B.
Decisional balance
C.
Precontemplation
D.
Contemplation
In the transtheoretical model, "decisional balance" describes weighing the benefits of a behavior
change against the cost of behavior change. Perceived barriers to action are one's beliefs regarding
the tangible and psychological costs of an advised action and include perceived unavailability,
inconvenience, expense, difficulty, or time regarding health behaviors. In the precontemplation stage
of change, the individual has no intention to take an action toward changing a behavior in the next 6
months. In the contemplation stage, the individual has some intention to take action toward behavior
change in the next 6 months.
DIF: Cognitive level: Application
REF: Page 56
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
7.
7.ID: 2508914657
A risk factor refers to a(n):
A.
probability that a specific event will occur in a given time frame.
B.
exposure that is associated with a disease.
C.
systematic way of distinguishing the risks posed by potentially harmful exposures.
D.
proactive process in which individuals participate in behaviors that enable them to
react to actual or potential threats to their health.
A risk factor is an exposure that is associated with incidence of a disease. Risk is the probability that a
specific event will occur in a given time frame. A risk assessment is a systematic way of
distinguishing the risks posed by potentially harmful exposures. A risk reduction is a proactive process
in which individuals participate in behaviors that enable them to react to actual or potential threats to
their health.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 56
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
8.
8.ID: 2508914647
What is the most common chemical dependence in the United States?
A.
Alcohol
B.
Cocaine
C.
Marijuana
D.
Nicotine
Nicotine addiction is the most common form of chemical dependence in the United States. Smokers
who try to quit experience withdrawal symptoms, including anxiety, irritability, and difficulty
concentrating. Alcohol use is very common in our society, but it is not the most common form of
chemical dependence. Cocaine and marijuana are not the most common forms of chemical
dependence in the United States.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 58
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
9.
9.ID: 2508914663
A 22-year-old college student explains to the nurse at the health clinic that she drinks four to five
beers when she goes out with friends on Saturday nights. Otherwise, she rarely drinks during the
week because of her classes, studying, and part-time job. This would be considered:
A.
age- and circumstance-appropriate behavior.
B.
alcoholism.
C.
binge drinking.
D.
excessive drinking.
Binge drinking is defined as drinking five or more drinks on a single occasion for men and four or
more for women. Excessive drinking is drinking more than two drinks per day on average for men or
more than one drink per day for women. This is considered binge drinking, which is not age- or
circumstance-appropriate behavior. Alcoholism is an addiction to alcohol.
DIF: Cognitive level: Application
REF: Pages 60-61
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10.
10.ID: 2508977220
Which of the following is an example of a modifiable risk factor? (Select all that apply.)
A.
Air pollution
B.
Cigarette smoking
C.
Gender
D.
Sexual practices
E.
Diet
Modifiable risk factors are those aspects of a person's health risk over which he or she has control.
Examples include smoking, leading a sedentary or active lifestyle, the type and amount of food eaten,
and the type of activities in which he or she engages. Gender is not changeable. Air pollution can
contribute to some disease processes, but it is not considered to be a direct risk factor.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 57
Awarded 3.0 points out of 3.0 possible points.
CHAPTER 5:
1.
1.ID: 2508933013
The nurse working in the community is aware that there are different models for studying the
epidemiology of a health condition in a population. One model of investigation of the
interrelationships and characteristics of disease is the epidemiologic triangle. This model analyzes
what three elements?
A.
Incidence, prevalence, and etiology
B.
Agent, host, and environment
C.
Person, place, and time
D.
Virus, bacteria, and fungus
The epidemiologic triangle considers the extent of the host's exposure to the agent, the virulence of
the agent, and the host's genetic or immunologic susceptibility to the agent. Environmental
conditions at the time of exposure are also considered. Examination of these three elements allows
assessment of the problem, determination of protective factors, and evaluation of the vulnerability of
the host to disease. The person-place-time model organized epidemiologists' investigations of the
disease pattern in the community. Answers A and D do not represent an epidemiologic model.
When chronic disease became a more important cause of death in developed countries, different
epidemiologic models were developed to study the many factors involved in the development of
these health conditions. Which of the following is an example of such a model?
A.
Person-place-time model
B.
Epidemiologic triangle
C.
Web of causation
D.
Wheel model
Chronic disease is marked by a complexity of relationships among causal factors. The web of
causation model illustrates the interrelationships. The person-place-time model organized
epidemiologists' investigations of the disease pattern in the community. The epidemiologic triangle
considers the extent of the host's exposure to the agent, the virulence of the agent, and the host's
genetic or immunological susceptibility to the agent. The wheel model is an example of a model that
stresses the multiplicity of host and environmental interactions.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 72
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3.
3.ID: 2508933017
In the 1850s, a researcher studied a cholera epidemic among people living in different sections of
London. The researcher who used epidemiologic methods to study the epidemic and used rates as an
epidemiologic tool was:
A.
Joseph Lister.
B.
William Farr.
C.
John Snow.
D.
Edward Jenner.
John Snow is recognized as the researcher who applied epidemiologic methods in the investigation of
a cholera epidemic in London in the 1850s. Joseph Lister is considered the pioneer of antiseptic
surgery. William Farr was a 19th century British epidemiologist who is regarded as a founder of
medical statistics. Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 71
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4.
4.ID: 2508933027
A community health nurse participating in planning programs for the coming year considers incidence
rates to better understand the needs of the community. Which statement below is the most accurate
explanation of incidence rates?
A.
New cases of a disease or condition in a community over a period of time are
included in incidence rates.
B.
The number of all cases of a specific disease or condition in a population at a given
point in time relative to the population at the same point in time is included in incidence
rates.
C.
Incidence rate refers to the number of new cases of a disease in those exposed to the
disease.
D.
The term incidence rate refers to the percentage of deaths in a specific period of time
from a specific cause.
Incidence rates describe the occurrence of new cases of a disease or condition in a community during
a period of time relative to the size of the population at risk for that disease or condition during that
same time period. In calculating this rate, the numerator is the number of new cases during the
specific period of time, and the denominator consists only of those who are at risk for developing the
disease or condition during the specific period of time. A prevalence rate is the number of all cases of
a specific disease or condition in a population at a given point in time relative to the population at the
same point in time. Attack rates document the number of new cases of a disease in those exposed to
the disease. The percentage of deaths in a specific period of time from a specific cause refers to the
mortality rate.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Pages 74-75
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
5.
5.ID: 2508933019
An epidemic is occurring in a public health nurse's community, and the nurse is working with the
epidemiologist and other health professionals seeking to identify the causative agent. What phrase
best describes such efforts?
A.
Cohort study
B.
Descriptive epidemiology
C.
Point prevalence study
D.
Analytic epidemiology
Analytic epidemiology may be defined as close examination of identified possible causes of disease
using advanced epidemiologic methods. Cohort studies obtain information about the cause of disease
by establishing a relationship between the presumed causal factors and the effect. The study of the
amount and distribution of disease constitutes descriptive epidemiology. When prevalence rates
describe the number of people with the disease at a specific point in time, they are sometimes called
point prevalences.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 83
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
6.
6.ID: 2508933011
A community nurse is reviewing health statistics to gain a better understanding of a population's
health needs. Crude rates are available for several health occurrences. What statement accurately
describes crude rates?
A.
In calculating a crude rate, the numerator is the size of the population at risk.
B.
In calculating a crude rate, the average population size may be used as
denominator.
C.
The denominator in a crude rate represents the population at risk for the event.
D.
Crude rates are used frequently because they avoid bias in interpretation.
Crude rates are calculated by using the number of events as the numerator. The denominator used
may be the average population size or the population size at midyear and not the population at risk.
Crude rates are subject to certain biases in interpretation.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 75
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
7.
7.ID: 2508933015
The percentage of deaths resulting from a specific cause provides the nurse with information about
areas in which public health programs might make significant contributions in reducing deaths. Select
the statistic often used for this purpose.
A.
Proportionate mortality rate
B.
Crude death rate
C.
Age-adjusted death rate
D.
Standardized mortality rate
Proportionate mortality rate is calculated using the number of deaths resulting from a specific cause
in a specific time period as the numerator and the total number of deaths in the same time period as
the denominator. In crude death rates, the numerator is the number of deaths, and the denominator
is the average population size or the population size at midyear multiplied by a constant. Age
adjustment or standardization reduces bias when there is a difference between the age distributions
of two populations.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 76
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
8.
8.ID: 2508933023
The health literature accessed by the community health nurse often addresses the probability of an
adverse event. What term refers to the likelihood that healthy people exposed to a specific factor will
experience a specific health condition?
A.
Prevalence
B.
Rates
C.
Risk
D.
Incidence
The term risk refers to the probability of an adverse event. Prevalence is the number of all cases of a
specific disease or condition in a population. Rates are arithmetic expressions that help practitioners
consider a count of an event relative to the size of the population from which it is
extracted. Incidence describes the occurrence of new cases of a disease or condition in a community
over a period of time.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 77
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
9.
9.ID: 2508933025
Through epidemiologic investigations, effective prevention measures are often identified. When the
nurse is engaged in providing prevention for the community before disease has developed, the
prevention activities meet the definition for what level of prevention?
A.
Primary
B.
Secondary
C.
Tertiary
D.
Pathogenic
Primary prevention occurs when intervention activities take place before disease development.
Immunization is an example of primary prevention that provides specific protection. Secondary
prevention occurs after pathogenesis, namely screening and physical examinations that are aimed at
early diagnosis. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and limitation of disability. Pathogenic
does not describe a type of prevention.
CHAPTER 6:
1.
1.ID: 2508933031
One dimension of a community, which looks at personal characteristics and risks of a group, is called:
A.
aggregate of people.
B.
location in space and time.
C.
social system.
D.
census tract.
An aggregate is a community composed of people who share common characteristics. An aggregate
of people describes the "who" of a community, including personal characteristics and risks. Location
in space and time looks at the geographical location of a community. Social system is the
relationships that community members form with each other. Census tracts facilitate the organization
of resident information in specific community geographic locales.
geographic community is a group that lives within a specific geographic location. Other types of
communities may be defined by members of the same ethnic background or members that share the
same interests, such as hiking.
DIF: Cognitive level: Application
REF: Page 93
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3.
3.ID: 2508933041
Which of the following sources of information about a community's health would give the community
health nurse information about births, deaths, and marriages and aid in providing indicators of
population growth or reduction?
A.
Census tracts
B.
Vital statistics
C.
National Health Survey data
D.
Needs assessment
The official registration records of births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and adoptions form the basis of
data in vital statistics. When compared with previous years, vital statistics provide indicators of
population growth or reduction. Census tracts facilitate the organization of resident information in
specific community geographic locales. National Health Survey Data describes health trends in a
national sample. A needs assessment is completed by the community health nurse to gain
understanding of the community's perspective on health status, the services used or required, and
concerns.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 99
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4.
4.ID: 2508933039
A community health nurse in the assessment phase of the nursing process conducted research to
identify the distribution pattern of breast cancer within a population and the associated risk factors.
This is called:
A.
statistical analysis.
B.
needs assessment.
C.
census collection.
D.
epidemiology.
Epidemiology involves the analysis of data to discover the patterns of health and illness distribution in
a population. It also involves conducting research to explain the nature of health problems and
identify aggregates at increased risk. Statistical analysis is a general term for the analysis of data. A
needs assessment is completed by the community health nurse to gain understanding of the
community's perspective on health status, the services used or required, and concerns. Census
information is collected every 10 years by the U.S. Census Bureau to describe the population
characteristics of the nation.
DIF: Cognitive level: Application
REF: Page 95
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
5.
5.ID: 2508933033
One of the first steps in community assessment may involve the community health nurse driving or
walking through an area and making observations about such things as environmental layout and
location of agencies, hospitals, industries, and so forth. This is called a(n):
A.
census survey.
B.
needs survey.
C.
informant survey.
D.
windshield survey.
Community health nurses often perform a windshield surveys by driving or walking through an area
and making organized observations to help gain an understanding of the environmental layout,
including geographic features and the location of agencies, services, businesses, and industries and
to locate possible areas of environmental concern through sight, sense, and sound. A needs
assessment is completed by the community health nurse to gain understanding of the community's
perspective on health status, the services used or required, and concerns. Census information is
collected every 10 years by the U.S. Census Bureau to describe the population characteristics of the
nation. To conduct an informant survey, the community health nurse may gather data by interviewing
key informants in the community. Informants may be knowledgeable residents, elected officials, or
health care providers.
DIF: Cognitive level: Application
REF: Pages 95-96, 98
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
6.
6.ID: 2508933045
Which of the following methods of gathering data is most effective for remote and vulnerable
segments of a community and for those communities with underdeveloped opinions?
A.
Interviewing community informants
B.
Community forum
C.
Focus groups
D.
Telephone surveys
Focus groups are effective for remote and vulnerable segments of a community and for those with
underdeveloped opinions. These sessions can produce greater interaction and expression of ideas
than surveys and may provide more insight into an aggregate's opinions. The community health
nurse may gather some data by interviewing key informants in the community. Informants may be
knowledgeable residents, elected officials, or health care providers. A community forum may be held
to discuss selected questions. A telephone survey may be useful for selected questions.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Pages 101-102
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
7.
7.ID: 2508933037
When writing a community diagnosis, the community health nurse notes that the "among" phrase:
A.
presents a synthesis of all assessment data.
B.
provides the supporting data.
C.
specifies the aggregate that will benefit from the nurse's plan.
D.
describes the cause of the health problem and directs focus of interventions.
The "among" phrase specifies the aggregate that will be the beneficiary of the nurse's action plan.
The identification of the health problem represents a synthesis of all assessment data. The "related
to" phrase describes the cause of the health problem and directs the focus of the intervention. The
health indicators are the supporting data. The "related to" phrase describes the cause of the health
CHAPTER 7:
1.
1.ID: 2508933059
A community health nurse working as a school health nurse conducted a community assessment and
determined that the focus of programs and health education for the academic year should address
the problem of childhood obesity. In planning, it is important for the nurse to allow time for individual
nursing assessment and education for children who are overweight or obese and to plan classroom
education programs. The nurse is demonstrating an understanding of which important community
health nursing concept?
A.
Health planning
B.
Aggregate health care
C.
Community as client
D.
Use of the nursing process
Community health nurses focus care on health needs of aggregates; however, individual, families,
and groups are important parts of aggregates. Appropriate nursing care and health promotion
planned for aggregates affect individuals and vice versa. Use of the nursing process is one part of
health planning for the community. Health planning is an essential component of community health
nursing practice.
A community health nurse is using the health planning model to improve a client's health. The nurse
prepares for unexpected problems or complications in the client's care. This attention to unexpected
problems takes place during which step?
A.
Assessment
B.
Planning
C.
Intervention
D.
Evaluation
During the intervention step of the health planning model, the nurse must prepare for unforeseen
problems or complications and consider alternatives to meet the client's needs. The nurse gathers
information about the needs of the community during the assessment step. During the planning step,
the nurse determines which problems or needs require intervention and identifies the desired
outcomes or ultimate goals of the interventions. Evaluation determines success or failure of the
project.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Pages 111-112
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4.
4.ID: 2508933061
Before participating in health care planning, a community health nurse must understand the concept
of:
A.
community as client.
B.
individual as client.
C.
family as client.
D.
environment as client.
It is essential that community health nurses understand and are comfortable with the concept
"community as client" before participating in health care planning. When focusing on the individual or
family, nurses must remember that these clients are members of a larger population group or
community, and environmental factors influence them.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 107
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
5.
5.ID: 2508933065
The community health nurse understands that a client's health can be negatively or positively
affected by his or her suprasystem. Which of the following correctly describes a client's suprasystem?
The suprasystem includes:
A.
only health-related resources, such as primary care providers and insurance sources.
B.
only non-health-related resources, such as use of public transportation.
C.
all resources available for use by the client, including health-related and nonhealth-related resources.
D.
all official (governmental) agencies used by the client or family, such as the health
department or social services.
The suprasystem includes a variety of organizations and community resources. Some are health
related, such as the presence or absence of hospitals, clinics, primary care providers, or health
centers. Support services such as Meals on Wheels, public transportation, and recreational facilities
are also important. Governmental agencies used by the client are also assessed as part of the
suprasystem.
Regional Medical Programs were intended to establish regional cooperative arrangements among
medical schools, research institutions, and hospitals to improve the health manpower and facilities
available to the communities.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Pages 117-118
Awarded 3.0 points out of 4.0 possible points.